A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for combustible fences and mulch under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of materials, designs, and configurations were studied under various wind conditions. The 187 experiments were split into five categories: mulch only, fence only, fence plus mulch, parallel fences, and long range firebrand experiments. Fence materials included western redcedar, California redwood, pine, vinyl, and wood-plastic composites, and fence styles included privacy, lattice, and good neighbor (board on board). The tested mulch types were shredded hardwood, mini pine bark nuggets, pine straw, rubber, and artificial turf. A wind machine provided a mean wind speed between 6 m/s and 14 m/s (13 mi/h to 31 mi/h). The fence and/or mulch bed was ignited by a propane burner on the ground at the end farthest from the structure. A small structure was located between 0 m and 1.83 m (0 ft to 6 ft) downwind of the fence or mulch bed as a target for flames and firebrands. A target mulch bed at the base of the structure tested the ability of firebrands produced by the burning fence and mulch bed to ignite spot fires that threatened the structure.
Document Citations
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Chicago
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Commerce Department. "Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch". Government. Commerce Department, December 12, 2022. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-C13-2d8748570ffdea092eecc7dab221c0fa
APA
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Commerce Department. (2022, December 12). Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch. [Government]. Commerce Department. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-C13-2d8748570ffdea092eecc7dab221c0fa
MLA
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Commerce Department. Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch. Commerce Department, (12 Dec 2022), https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-C13-2d8748570ffdea092eecc7dab221c0fa
Bluebook
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Commerce Department, Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch, GovInfo, (December 12, 2022), https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-C13-2d8748570ffdea092eecc7dab221c0fa
