|


|



## Rep. Christopher Cox (R-CA) - Chairman | ||

Elected: | 1988 | |

Born: | October 16, 1952 St. Paul MN | |

Home: | Newport Beach CA | |

Education: | BA 1973 University of Southern California; MBA, JD 1977 Harvard University | |

Career: | 1986-88 Senior Associate Counsel to the President, the White House; 1984-88 Founder, Context Corporation; 1984-86 Partner, Latham & Watkins; 1982-83 Lecturer, Harvard Business School; 1978-82 Associate, Latham & Watkins; 1977 Clerk, U.S. Court of Appeals, Judge Herbert Choy | |

Committees: | Chairman, House Policy Committee; Vice Chairman, Committee on Government Reform and Oversight; Vice Chairman, Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, Committee on Commerce |




## Rep. Norm Dicks (D-WA) - Ranking Democrat | ||

Elected: | 1976 | |

Born: | December 16, 1940 Bremerton WA | |

Home: | Bremerton WA | |

Education: | BA 1963 University of Washington; JD 1968 University of Washington | |

Career: | 1973-76 Administrative Assistant, U.S. Senator Warren Magnuson; 1968-73 Legislative Assistant, U.S. Senator Warren Magnuson | |

Committees: | Ranking Member, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence; Ranking Member, Interior Subcommittee, Committee on Appropriations |




## Rep. Porter Goss (R-FL) - Vice Chairman | ||

Elected: | 1988 | |

Born: | November 26, 1938 Waterbury CT | |

Home: | Sanibel FL | |

Education: | BA 1960 Yale University | |

Career: | 1960-62 Army Intelligence; 1960-71 Central Intelligence Agency; 1973-78 Businessman, Newspaper publisher; 1974-82 Sanibel City Council; 1974-77, 1980 Sanibel Mayor; 1983-88 Lee County Commissioner | |

Committees: | Chairman, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence; Chairman, Subcommittee on Legislative and Budget Process, Committee on Rules |




## Rep. Doug Bereuter (R-NE) | ||

Elected: | 1978 | |

Born: | October 6, 1939 York NE | |

Home: | Lincoln NE | |

Education: | BA 1961 University of Nebraska; MCA 1966 Harvard University; MPA 1973 Harvard University | |

Career: | 1963-65 Army; 1965-66 Urban planner, U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development; 1967-68 Division Director, Nebraska Economic Development Department; 1968-70 Director, Nebraska Office of Planning and Programming; 1974-78 Member, Nebraska State Legislature | |

Committees: | Vice Chairman, Committee on International Relations; Chairman, Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific, International Relations Committee; Committee on Banking and Financial Services |




## Rep. James V. Hansen (R-UT) | ||

Elected: | 1980 | |

Born: | August 14, 1932 Salt Lake City UT | |

Home: | Farmington UT | |

Education: | BA 1960 University of Utah | |

Career: | 1950-54 U.S. Navy; 1961-80 Insurance agent; 1970-80 Land developer; 1960-72 Farmington City Council; 1972-80 Member, Utah House of Representatives; 1978-80 Speaker, Utah House of Representatives | |

Committees: | Chairman, Committee on Standards of Official Conduct; National Security Committee; Chairman, National Parks and Public Lands Subcommittee, Committee on Resources |




## Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) | ||

Elected: | 1982 | |

Born: | November 1, 1942 Charlotte NC | |

Home: | York SC | |

Education: | BA 1964 Davidson College; MA 1966 Oxford University; LLB 1969 Yale University | |

Career: | 1969-71 U.S. Department of Defense; 1971-82 Practicing attorney; 1973-82 President, Bank of Fort Mill; 1973-82 President, Spratt Insurance Agency | |

Committees: | Committee on National Security; Ranking Member, Budget Committee |




## Rep. Curt Weldon (R-PA) | ||

Elected: | 1986 | |

Born: | July 22 1947 Marcus Hook PA | |

Home: | Aston PA | |

Education: | BA 1969 West Chester State College | |

Career: | 1969-76 Teacher, Vice Principal; 1976-81 Director of Training and Manpower Development, CIGNA Corp.; 1977-82 Marcus Hook Mayor; 1981-86 Member, Delaware County Council; 1985-86 Chairman, Delaware County Council | |

Committees: | Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Research and Development, Committee on National Security; Committee on Science |




## Rep. Lucille Roybal-Allard (D-CA) | ||

Elected: | 1992 | |

Born: | June 12, 1941 Los Angeles CA | |

Home: | Los Angeles CA | |

Education: | BA 1965 California State University-Los Angeles | |

Career: | 1986-92 Member, California Assembly | |

Committees: | Committee on Banking and Financial Services; Budget Committee |




## Rep. Robert (Bobby) Scott (D-VA) | ||

Elected: | 1992 | |

Born: | April 30, 1947 Washington DC | |

Home: | Newport News VA | |

Education: | BA 1969 Harvard University; JD 1973 Boston College School of Law | |

Career: | 1970-73 Army National Guard; 1973-76 Army Reserves; 1973-91 Practicing attorney; 1977-82 Member, Virginia House of Delegates; 1983-92 Member, Virginia State Senate | |

Committees: | Committee on Education and the Workforce; Ranking Member, Subcommittee on the Constitution, Committee on the Judiciary |



|



Linda Algar InvestigatorCharles Anderson InvestigatorHugh Brady Professional Staff MemberDavid Cogdell
InvestigatorDeborah Cox
Committee SecretaryWilliam Craig
Director of SecurityEric Desautels
InvestigatorJohn Donovan InvestigatorAengus Dowley Staff AssistantDavid Dunham Senior Research AnalystMichael Evans
InvestigatorEric Garnett
Systems AdministratorShannon
Haralson Deputy Legal
AdvisorDelonnie Henry ClerkAnne
Hillegas InvestigatorAndrew Hunter
Professional Staff MemberRuby
Itchon Staff CounselJay Jakub
Professional Staff MemberKirk McConnell
Professional Staff MemberVirginia
McDonald Information ManagerScott
McMahon InvestigatorKevin Miller
InvestigatorGregory Milonovich
InvestigatorCarrie Moore Professional Staff Member |
Neil Patel Staff
CounselJeffrey Phillips InvestigatorRobert Ramsey Professional Staff MemberMaxwell Reynolds
Senior CounselEllen Riddleberger
Professional Staff MemberKenneth
Schulz Staff AssistantRobin Berman
Schwartzman CounselMark
Spaulding InvestigatorDavid
Trimble InvestigatorBernard
Victory Senior Research
AnalystWalter Wright InvestigatorWilliam Yurek Investigator
Arlington,
VirginiaArt direction, design and production
|



THE SELECT COMMITTEE
There is hereby created the Select Committee on U.S. National Security
and Military/Commercial Concerns With the People's Republic of China,
(hereafter in this resolution referred to as the 'Select Committee'). The
Select Committee may sit and act during the present Congress at such times
and places within the United States, including any Commonwealth or
possession thereof, or in any other country, whether the House is in
session, has recessed, or has adjourned, as it shall deem appropriate for
the completion of its work.
(a) In General: The Select Committee shall conduct a full and complete inquiry regarding the following matters and report such findings and recommendations, including those concerning the amendment of existing law or the enactment of new law, to the House as it considers appropriate: (1) The transfer of technology, information, advice, goods, or services that may have contributed to the enhancement of the accuracy, reliability, or capability of nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles or other weapons of the People's Republic of China, or that may have contributed to the enhancement of the intelligence capabilities of the People's Republic of China. (2) The transfer of technology, information, advice, goods, or services that may have contributed to the manufacture of weapons of mass destruction, missiles, or other weapons or armaments by the People's Republic of China. (3) The effect of any transfer or enhancement referred to in paragraphs (1) or (2) on regional security and the national security of the United States. (4) The conduct of the executive branch of the United States Government with respect to the transfers or enhancements referred to in paragraphs (1) or (2), and the effect of that conduct on regional security and the national security of the United States. (5) The conduct of defense contractors, weapons manufacturers, satellite manufacturers, and other private or government-owned commercial firms with respect to the transfers or enhancements referred to in paragraphs (1) or (2). (6) The enforcement of United States law, including statutes, regulations, or executive orders, with respect to the transfers or enhancements referred to in paragraphs (1) or (2). (7) Any effort by the Government of the People's Republic of China or any other person or entity to influence any of the foregoing matters through political contributions, commercial arrangements, or bribery, influence-peddling, or other illegal activities. (8) Decision-making within the executive branch of the United States Government with respect to any of the foregoing matters. (9) Any effort to conceal or withhold information or documents relevant to any of the foregoing matters or to obstruct justice, or to obstruct the work of the Select Committee or any other committee of the House of Representatives in connection with those matters. (10) All matters relating directly or indirectly to any of the foregoing matters. (b) Permitting Reports To Be Made to House in Secret Session: Any report to the House pursuant to this section may, in the Select Committee's discretion, be made under the provisions of rule XXIX of the Rules of the House of Representatives.
(a) Composition: The Select Committee shall be composed of 9 or fewer Members of the House to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, one of whom he shall designate as Chairman. Service on the Select Committee shall not count against the limitations on committee service in clause 6(b)(2) of rule X. (b) Vacancies: Any vacancy occurring in the membership of the Select Committee shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made.
(a) Quorum: One-third of the members of the Select Committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business other than the reporting of a matter, which shall require a majority of the committee to be actually present, except that the Select Committee may designate a lesser number, but not less than 2, as a quorum for the purpose of holding hearings to take testimony and receive evidence. (b) Applicability of House Rules: The Rules of the House of Representatives applicable to standing committees shall govern the Select Committee where not inconsistent with this resolution. (c) Rules of Select Committee: The Select Committee shall adopt
additional written rules, which shall be public, to govern its procedures,
which shall not be inconsistent with this resolution or the Rules of the
House of Representatives.
No employee of the Select Committee or any person engaged by contract or otherwise to perform services for or at the request of such committee shall be given access to any classified information by such committee unless such employee or person has- (1) agreed in writing and under oath to be bound by the rules of the House (including the jurisdiction of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct and of the Select Committee as to the security of such information during and after the period of his employment or contractual agreement with the Select Committee); and (2) received an appropriate security clearance as determined by the Select Committee in consultation with the Director of Central Intelligence. The type of security clearance to be required in the case of any such employee or person shall, within the determination of the Select Committee in consultation with the Director of Central Intelligence, be commensurate with the sensitivity of the classified information to which such employee or person will be given access by such committee.
The Select Committee shall formulate and carry out such rules and procedures as it deems necessary to prevent the disclosure, without the consent of the person or persons concerned, of information in the possession of such committee which unduly infringes upon the privacy or which violates the constitutional rights of such person or persons. Nothing herein shall be construed to prevent such committee from publicly disclosing any such information in any case in which such committee determines that national interest in the disclosure of such information clearly outweighs any infringement on the privacy of any person or persons.
(a) The Select Committee may, subject to the provisions of this section, disclose publicly any information in the possession of such committee after a determination by such committee that the public interest would be served by such disclosure. Whenever committee action is required to disclose any information under this section, the committee shall meet to vote on the matter within five days after any member of the committee requests such a vote. No member of the Select Committee shall disclose any information, the disclosure of which requires a committee vote, prior to a vote by the committee on the question of the disclosure of such information or after such vote except in accordance with this section. In any case in which the Select Committee votes to disclose publicly any information, which has been classified under established security procedures, which has been submitted to it by the executive branch, and which the executive branch requests be kept secret, the Select Committee shall submit such classified information to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. (b)(1) As set forth in clause 7(b) of rule XLVIII, in any case in which the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence votes to disclose publicly any information submitted pursuant to subsection (a), which has been classified under established security procedures, which has been submitted to the Select Committee by the executive branch, and which the executive branch has requested be kept secret, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence shall notify the President of such vote. (2) The Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence may disclose publicly such information after the expiration of a five-day period following the day on which notice of such vote is transmitted to the President, unless, prior to the expiration of such five-day period, the President, personally in writing, notifies the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence that he objects to the disclosure of such information, provides his reasons therefore, and certifies that the threat to the national interest of the United States posed by such disclosure is of such gravity that it outweighs any public interest in the disclosure. (3) If the President, personally, in writing, notifies the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of his objections to the disclosure of such information as provided in paragraph (2), the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence may, by majority vote, refer the question of this disclosure of such information with a recommendation thereon to the House for consideration. The Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence shall not publicly disclose such information without leave of the House. (4) Whenever the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence votes to refer the question of disclosure of any information to the House under paragraph (3), the chairman of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence shall, not later than the first day on which the House is in session following the day on which the vote occurs, report the matter to the House for its consideration. (5) If within four calendar days on which the House is in session,
after such recommendation is reported, no motion has been made by the
chairman of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence to consider, in
closed session, the matter reported under paragraph (4), then such a
motion will be deemed privileged and may be made by any Member. The motion
under this paragraph shall not be subject to debate or amendment. When
made, it shall be decided without (6) If the House adopts a motion to resolve into closed session, the Speaker shall then be authorized to declare a recess subject to the call of the Chair. At the expiration of such recess, the pending question, in closed session, shall be, 'Shall the House approve the recommendation of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence?' (7) After not more than two hours of debate on the motion, such debate to be equally divided and controlled by the chairman and ranking minority member of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, or their designees, the previous question shall be considered as ordered and the House, without intervening motion except one motion to adjourn, shall immediately vote on the question, in open session but without divulging the information with respect to which the vote is being taken. If the recommendation of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence is not agreed to, the question shall be deemed recommitted to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence for further recommendation. (c)(1) No information in the possession of the Select Committee
relating to the lawful intelligence or intelligence-related activities of
any department or agency of the United States which has been classified
under established security procedures and which the Select Committee, the
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, or the House pursuant to this
section, has determined should not be disclosed shall be made available to
any person by a Member, officer, or employee of the House except as
provided in paragraph (2). (d) The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall investigate any unauthorized disclosure of intelligence or intelligence-related information by a Member, officer, or employee of the House in violation of subsection (c) and report to the House concerning any allegation which it finds to be substantiated. (e) Upon the request of any person who is subject to any such investigation, the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall release to such individual at the conclusion of its investigation a summary of its investigation, together with its findings. If, at the conclusion of its investigation, the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct determines that there has been a significant breach of confidentiality or unauthorized disclosure by a Member, officer, or employee of the House, it shall report its findings to the House and recommend appropriate action such as censure, removal from committee membership, or expulsion from the House, in the case of a Member, or removal from office or employment or punishment for contempt, in the case of an officer or employee.
Any committee of the House of Representatives having custody of records, data, charts, and files concerning subjects within the jurisdiction of the Select Committee shall furnish the originals or copies of such materials to the Select Committee. In the case of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, such materials shall be made available pursuant to clause 7(c)(2) of rule XLVIII.(a) In General: The Select Committee is authorized to require, by subpoena or otherwise, the attendance and testimony of such witnesses, the furnishing of such information by interrogatory, and the production of such books, records, correspondence, memoranda, papers, documents, calendars, recordings, electronic communications, data compilations from which information can be obtained, tangible objects, and other things and information of any kind as it deems necessary, including all intelligence materials however classified, White House materials, and materials pertaining to unvouchered expenditures or concerning communications interceptions or surveillance. (b) Subpoenas, Depositions and Interrogatories: Unless otherwise determined by the Select Committee, the Chairman, upon consultation with the ranking minority member, or the Select Committee may- (1) authorize and issue subpoenas; (2) order the taking of depositions, interrogatories, or affidavits under oath or otherwise; and (3) designate a member or staff of the Select Committee to conduct any deposition. (c) International Authorities: Unless otherwise determined by the Select Committee, the Chairman of the Select Committee, upon consultation with the ranking minority member of the Select Committee, or the Select Committee may- (1) authorize the taking of depositions and other testimony, under oath or otherwise, anywhere outside the United States; and (2) make application for issuance of letters rogatory, and request through appropriate channels, other means of international assistance, as appropriate. (d) Handling of Information: Information obtained under the authority of this section shall be- (1) considered as taken by the Select Committee in the District of Columbia, as well as the location actually taken; and (2) considered to be taken in executive session.
Pursuant to sections 6103(f)(3) and 6104(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, for the purpose of investigating the subjects set forth in this resolution and since information necessary for this investigation cannot reasonably be obtained from any other source, the Select Committee shall be specially authorized to inspect and receive for the tax years 1988 through 1998 any tax return, return information, or other tax-related material, held by the Secretary of the Treasury, related to individuals and entities named by the Select Committee as possible participants, beneficiaries, or intermediaries in the transactions under investigation. As specified by section 6103(f)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, such materials and information shall be furnished in closed executive session.
The Select Committee shall provide other committees and Members of the House with access to information and proceedings, consistent with clause 7(c)(2) of rule XLVIII, except that the Select Committee may direct that particular matters or classes of matter shall not be made available to any person by its members, staff, or others, or may impose any other restriction. The Select Committee may require its staff to enter nondisclosure agreements, and its Chairman, in consultation with the ranking minority Member, may require others, such as counsel for witnesses, to do so. The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct may investigate any unauthorized disclosure of such classified information by a Member, officer, or employee of the House or other covered person upon request of the Select Committee. If, at the conclusion of its investigation, the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct determines that there has been a significant unauthorized disclosure, it shall report its findings to the House and recommend appropriate sanctions for the Member, officer, employee, or other covered person consistent with clause 7(e) of rule XLVIII and any committee restriction, including nondisclosure agreements. The Select Committee shall, as appropriate, provide access to information and proceedings to the Speaker and the Minority Leader and an appropriately cleared and designated member of each staff.
(a) Cooperation of Other Committees: The Select Committee may submit to any standing committee specific matters within its jurisdiction and may request that such committees pursue such matters further. (b) Cooperation of Other Federal Entities: The Chairman of the Select Committee, upon consultation with the ranking minority member, or the Select Committee may request investigations, reports, and other assistance from any agency of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Federal Government.
In addition to any applications to court in response to judicial process that may be made in behalf of the House by its counsel, the Select Committee shall be authorized to respond to any judicial or other process, or to make any applications to court, upon consultation with the Speaker consistent with rule L.
(a) Personnel: The Chairman, upon consultation with the ranking minority member, may employ and fix the compensation of such clerks, experts, consultants, technicians, attorneys, investigators, clerical and stenographic assistants, and other appropriate staff as the Chairman considers necessary to carry out the purposes of this resolution. Detailees from the executive branch or staff of the House or a joint committee, upon the request of the Chairman of the Select Committee, upon consultation with the ranking minority member, shall be deemed staff of the Select Committee to the extent necessary to carry out the purposes of this resolution. (b) Payment of Expenses: (1) The Select Committee may reimburse the members of its staff for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of the duties vested in the Select Committee. (2) Not more than $2,500,000 are authorized for expenses of the Select Committee for investigations and studies, including for the procurement of the services of individual consultants or organizations thereof, and for training of staff, to be paid out of the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives upon vouchers signed by the Chairman and approved in the manner directed by the Committee on House Oversight.
The Select Committee shall be deemed a committee of the House for all purposes of the rules of the House of Representatives and shall be deemed a committee for all purposes of law, including, but not limited to, section 202(f) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 72a(f)), sections 102 and 104 of the Revised Statutes (2 U.S.C. 192 and 194), sections 1001, 1505, 1621, 6002, and 6005 of title 18, United States Code, section 502(b)(1)(B)(ii) of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 (22 U.S.C. 1754(b)(1)(B)(ii)), and section 734 of title 31, United States Code.
At the conclusion of the existence of the Select Committee, all records of the Select Committee shall be transferred to other committees, or stored by the Clerk of the House, as directed by the Select Committee, consistent with applicable rules and law concerning classified information.
|



SCHEDULE OF SELECT COMMITTEE HEARINGS & MEETINGS |


## DATE |
## PURPOSE |
## WITNESS(ES) |


July 25 |
Business meeting (closed) |


July 15 |
Business meeting (closed) |


July 22 |
Classified (closed) | Central Intelligence
Agency |


July 29 |
Classified (closed) | Central Intelligence
Agency |


August 5 |
High Performance Computers (closed) PRC activities in the U.S. (closed) |
Department of Defense Federal Bureau of Investigation |


August 17 |
Classified (closed) | Central Intelligence Agency |

PRC space program | Marcia Smith, Congressional Research Service | |

Intelsat 708 Independent Review Committee | Shirley Kan, Congressional Research Services |


August 18 |
Classified (closed) | Central Intelligence Agency |

Impact of the Intelsat 708 Independent Review Committee (closed) | Franklin Miller and David Tarbell, Department of Defense | |

Impact of the Intelsat 708 Independent Review Committee (closed) | William Howell, Department of Defense |


August 19 |
Classified (closed) | Department of Defense |


August 25 |
PRC Missiles and Satellites (closed) | Department of Defense |


August 26 |
Classified (closed) | Department of Defense |

Intelsat 708 Independent Review Committee (closed) | Allen Locke, Department of State | |

Classified (closed) | Central Intelligence Agency | |

PRC activities in the U.S. (closed) | Federal Bureau of Investigation |


August 27 |
Contractor security preparations (closed) | Margaret Qualls, former PRC launch site security manager |

Corporate launch site security practices (closed) | Col. Steven Prichard (Ret.) former Defense
Technology Security Adminis- tration Monitor | |

Export control policies and practices (closed) | Dr. Peter Leitner |


August 31 |
Defense Technology Security Administration policies and practices (closed) | Franklin Miller, and David Tarbell, Department of Defense |

Export policies regarding high performance computers (closed) | William Reinsch, Department of Commerce |


September 1 |
Classified (closed) | Col. Richard Skinner, Department of Defense |

The use of high performance computers in advanced nuclear weapons development (closed) | Notra Trulock and Thomas Cook, Department of Energy | |

High performance computer export controls | Harold J. Johnson, and Jeff Philips General Accounting Office |


September 2 |
Effectiveness of export controls (closed) | Dr. Stephen Bryen, Bryen, former Defense Technology Security Administration official |

1995 transfer to the PRC of machine tools by McDonnell Douglas Corp. | Katherine Schinasi, General Accounting Office |


September 11 |
Satellite launch insurance concerns | Timothy Rush, J&H Marsh & McLennan |


September 18 |
Business meeting (closed) |


September 25 |
Classified (closed) | Department of Defense |


October 2 |
Optus B2 launch failure analysis (closed) | Kenneth Peoples, former Department of Defense official |

Apstar 2 launch failure analysis (closed) | Eugene Christiansen, and Iain Baird, Department
of Commerce |


October 9 |
Classified (closed) | Department of Defense |


October 14 |
Counterintelligence programs at U.S. National Weapons Laboratories (Los Alamos, Livermore, and Sandia) (closed) | Dr. John Browne, Director, Los Alamos; Dr. Bruce
Tarter, Director, Livermore; Dr. Paul Robinson, Director, Sandia |

U.S. National Weapons Laboratories security issues | Kenneth Fultz, John Schults, and William Fentzel, General Accounting Office |


October 15 |
Rumsfeld Commission testimony on PRC ballistic missile threat issues (closed) | Hon. Donald Rumsfeld, Hon. R. James Woolsey, Dr. William Schneider, Dr. Steven A. Cambone, and Richard Haver |

PRC technology transfer programs | Kathleen Walsh, DFI International | |

PRC commercial activities in the U.S. | James Mulvenon, Rand Corporation; Nicholas Eftemiades, independent expert |


October 16 |
Professional staff briefing on status of investigation (closed) | Select Committee Staff |


October 20 |
Business meeting (closed) |


November 12 |
Classified (closed) | Department of Energy; CIA |


November 13 |
Economic implications of U.S. satellite launch policy | Raymond Williamson, Space Policy Institute; Loren Thompson, Lexington Institute; Clayton Mowry, Satellite Industry Association |


December 9 |
Business meeting (closed) |


December 16 |
Classified (closed) | Department of Energy; CIA; FBI |


December 17 |
Strategic implications of PRC theft of U.S. military technology (closed) | Hon. Caspar Weinberger, former Secretary of Defense; Hon. R. James Woolsey, former Director of Central Intelligence; Dr. Paul Wolfowitz, Dean, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced Interna- tional Studies |


December 21 |
Business meeting (closed) |


December 22 |
Business meeting (closed) |


December 23 |
Business meeting (closed) |


December 28 |
Business meeting (closed) |


December 29 |
Business meeting (closed) |


December 30 |
Business meeting (closed) |





PARTIAL LIST OF DOCUMENTS REQUESTED BY THE SELECT COMMITTEE |




## Boeing Company |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

October 8 | Privilege log describing withheld documents |




## Bush Presidential Library |


November 3 | Documents relating to President Bush's Executive Order requiring the divestiture of MAMCO by the China National Aero-Technology Import-Export Corp. |




## Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party |


October 20 | Information on certain Chinese nationals |




## COMSTAT |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## Congressional Research Service |


October 7 | Report on China National Aero-Technology Import-Export Corp. (CATIC) |




## General Accounting Office |


September 1 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence |


July 20 | Documents relating to matters of concern to the Select Committee |




## Hughes Space & Communications |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

August 20 | Documents relating to the launches and attempted launches of the Chinese Long March 3B and 2E rockets and information on Hughes employees and contractors |




## INTELSAT |


September 9 | Documents relating to launches of Intelsat satellies in the PRC |




## Lockheed Martin Missiles & Space Corp. |


November 17 | Documents relating to company plans to protect security of technology at launch sites |




## Monitor Aerospace |


September 15 | Documents relating to correspondence
and communications with any representatives of the People's Republic of China and/or McDonnell Douglas Corp. pertaining to the establishment of a machining center in China | |

October 8 | Privilege log describing withheld documents |




## Motorola Corp. |


July 31 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## Office of the Vice President of the United States |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## Office of the President of the United States |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

September 18 | Documents relating to commercial activities in the United States by PRC interests, the President's Export Council, and Presidential waivers of sanctions | |

November 12 | Information relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## Bernard Schwartz |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## Space Systems/Loral |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## U.S. Arms Controls and Disarmament Agency |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## U.S. Customs Service |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

September 2 | Documents relating to investigations or anlyses of technology acquisitions by the PRC |




## U.S. Dept. of Commerce |


August 10 | Documents relating to Wah Leng Lim, Shen Jun and Nick Yen | |

August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

September 21 | Printouts from the Export Control Automated Support System (ECASS) showing all exports to the People's Republic of China, including Hong Kong | |

October 26 | Documents relating to certain businesses and individuals | |

October 27 | Documents relating to John Huang | |

October 27 | Electronic copy of the Export Control Automated Support System (ECASS) | |

November 9 | Documents relating to complaints or concerns expressed by the Office of theU.S. Attorney/Los Angeles regarding the local field office of the Office of Export Enforcement or certain personnel located within that field office | |

November 13 | Copies of export policies and regulations, manuals and licenses | |

November 20 | Information relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## U.S. Dept. of Defense |


August 10 | Documents relating to Wah Leng Lim, Shen Jun and Nick Yen | |

August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

September 15 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

September 17 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

September 22 | Documents relating to 1994 sale of McDonnell-Douglas machine tools to China National Aero-Technology Export-Import Corp. (CATIC) | |

September 25 | Information relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

September 29 | Copy of video of Chinese launch V-7733 | |

October 20 | Documents relating to Zhou Yuanying | |

October 26 | Documents relating to certain businesses and individuals | |

November 3 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## U.S. Dept. of Energy |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

November 24 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

November 30 | Information relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## U.S. Dept. of Justice |


July 21 | Documents relating to assessments of impact on national security resulting from involvement of U.S. companies in Chinese launch failure investigations | |

August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## U.S. Dept. of State |


August 10 | Documents relating to Wah Leng Lim, Shen Jun and Nick Yen | |

August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

November 20 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

November 30 | Information relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## U.S. Dept. of Transportation |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## U.S. Dept. of Treasury |


August 14 | Documents relating to Wah Leng Lim, Shen Jun and Nick Yen | |

August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 | |

September 1 | Documents relating to Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. (CFIUS) Reviews of PRC acquisition of U.S. entities | |

October 27 | Documents relating to John Huang | |

November 20 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation |


August 6 | Documents relating to Wah Leng Lim, Shen Jun and Nick Yen | |

October 20 | Documents relating to Zhou Yuanying | |

October 26 | Documents relating to certain businesses and individuals |




## U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service |


August 10 | Documents relating to Wah Leng Lim, Shen Jun and Nick Yen |




## U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## U.S. National Security Council |


August 19 | Documents relating to issues set forth in H. Res. 463 |




## U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |


September 10 | Documents relating to PRC ownership of commercial enterprises in the United States |




## U.S. senate, Committee on Government Affairs |


October 27 | Copies of the classified version of specified chapters of "The China Connection" report |



|


## Nicholas Alexandrow |
Former USAF Colonel assigned to U.S. Defense Technology Security Administration; employed by Loral since 1996 |

## C. Michael Armstrong |
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Hughes Electronics, 1993-97; Chairman, AT&T, 1997 to present |

## Iain Baird |
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Export Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce |

## Julie Bannerman |
Loral General Counsel and Vice President |

Bao Miaoqin |
Chief Engineer of the PRC's Asia Pacific Telecommunications Satellite Co., Ltd. |

## Samuel (Sandy) R. Berger |
President Clinton's National Security Adviser since 1997; Deputy National Security Adviser, 1993-1997 |

## Robert Berry |
President, Loral |

## Harold Bradshaw |
Loral representative in Washington, D.C. |

## Donald Bridwell |
Manager, Intelsat's Major Programs Office in the Procurement Division |

## Ronald H. Brown |
Former Secretary of Commerce (deceased) |

## Steven Bryen |
Member of Loral's Government Security Committee (GSC); former Director of Defense Technology Security Administration |

## Steven Burke |
Structural engineer at Hughes who served as a principal investigator of the Long March 2E-Optus B2 crash |

## Fred Chan |
Director, Controls Engineering, Loral; Technical Staff on Indepen-dent Review Committee for the Long March 3B-Intelsat 708 crash |

Gareth Chang |
Senior Vice President, Hughes Electronics |

## Eugene (Gene) Christiansen |
Export Licensing Officer, U.S. Department of Commerce |

## Warren Christopher |
President Clinton's first Secretary of State |

## Allen Coates |
Lt. Col. in the U.S. Air Force (now retired); served as a U.S. Defense Technology Security Administration monitor |

## Donald Cromer |
Vice President, Hughes Electronics; President, Hughes Space & Communications International, Inc. |

## Stephen L. Cunningham |
PhD physicist working as a senior level executive in Hughes' satellite program since 1977; Program Manager for Optus B1; led the Long March 2E-Optus B2 crash investigation; co-leader of Hughes' Failure Investigation Team after the Long March 2E-Apstar 2 crash |

## Ken Davis |
Security Manager at Loral |

## Frank Deliberti |
Former Deputy Assistant Secretary for Export Enforcement, U.S. Department of Commerce |

## John Despres |
Former Assistant Secretary for Export Enforcement, U.S. Department of Commerce |

## Pat Dewitt |
Chief Financial Officer, Loral |

## Steven D. Dorfman |
President and CEO, Hughes Space and Communications International, Inc. |

## Sue Eckert |
Former Assistant Secretary for Export Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce |

## Terry Edwards |
Manager, Intelsat's Launch Vehicle Program Office |

## Douglas Feith |
Partner, Feith & Zell, P.C., Washington, D.C. (outside legal counsel for Loral) |

## Seymour Goodman |
Director, Consortium for Research in Information Security and Policy under the Center for International Security and Cooperation and the School of Engineering at Stanford University |

He Kerang |
President, Asia Pacific Telecommunications Satellite Company, Ltd., PRC-controlled satellite owner and operator based in Hong Kong; phonetic Hee Keh-rang |

## Antonio Hernandez |
Special Agent, Office of Export Enforcement Intelligence Division, U.S. Department of Commerce |

## Peter Herron |
Hughes' Program Manager for Optus B3; Assistant Program Manager for Optus B2; responsible for coordination with PRC in the Long March 2E-Optus B2 crash investigation; co-leader of Hughes' Failure Investigation Team after the Long March 2E-Apstar 2 crash |

## Michael Hewins |
Former Chairman, Space and Telecom Group, J&H Marsh & McLennan |

## Reinhard Hildebrandt |
Team Leader, Flight Operations & Post Flight Evaluation, Daimler-Benz Aerospace, Bremen, Germany; Member of Independent Review Committee for Long March 3B-Intelsat 708 crash |

## Robert Hitt |
PRC Program Manager, McDonnell Douglas |

## John Holt |
Member of Independent Review Committee; retired Managing Director, Space Systems Group, British Aerospace; consultant with McLaurin-Holt Association in Great Britain |

## John Huang |
Former Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Economy Policy, U.S. Department of Commerce; was principal U.S. executive for the Lippo Group, a partner of the China Resources (Holdings) Company in the PRC |

## Karl Kachigan |
Member of Independent Review Committee; retired Chief Engineer and Director, Atlas Launch Vehicle at General Dynamics |

## Bob Kovac |
Licensing officer, U.S. Defense Technology Security Administration (now Technology Security Directorate) |

## Spencer Ku |
Hughes engineer involved in the Long March 2E-Apstar 2 and Long March 2E-Optus B2 crash investigations |

## Bansang (Bill) Lee |
Loral representative in the PRC; previously Hughes representative in the PRC; President, Plettenberg, Ltd., Beijing, PRC |

## Peter Lee |
Taiwanese-born scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory convicted in 1997 of passing classified weapons technology information to the PRC |

## Donald Leedle |
Hughes' Technology Export Control Coordinator from 1992 to 1996 |

## Peter Leitner |
Senior Strategic Trade Advisor, U.S. Defense Technology Security Administration (now Technology Security Directorate) |

## Daniel Lilienstein |
Assembly, Integration and Test Manager at Intelsat in Palo Alto, California |

## Wah Lim |
Former Senior Vice President & General Manager of Engineering and Manufacturing, Loral; currently employed by Hughes; Chairman of Independent Review Committee |

## Col. Liu Chaoying |
PLA colonel and officer of China Aerospace Corporation who provided Johnny Chung with $300,000; daughter of General Liu Huaquing |

Gen. Liu Huaquing |
Former CCP Central Military Commission Vice Chairman and Politburo Standing Committee Member until 1997. General Liu has been described as the PLA's preeminent policymaker on military R&D, technology acquisition, and equipment modernization as well as the most powerful military leader in the PRC. He has used numerous U.S. companies for sensitive technology acquisitions. Phonetic Lee-you Hwa-ching |

## Liu Jiyuan |
PRC Minister; heads China Aerospace Corporation; phonetic Lee-you Jee-yuan |

## Liu Zhixiong |
Vice President, China Great Wall Industry Corporation; phonetic Lee-you Zhee-sheeyong |

## R. Roger Majak |
Assistant Secretary for Export Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce |

## Donald E. Majors |
Director, International Affairs, Hughes' Washington D.C. office |

## Michael Maloof |
Chief, Technical Security Operations, U.S. Defense Technology Security Administration (renamed Technology Security Directorate) |

## Jacques Masson |
Former Manager, J&H Marsh & McLennan office in Paris |

## Douglas McNeill |
Chief, Office of Export Enforcement, Intelligence Division, U.S. Department of Commerce |

## Mark Menefee |
Director, Office of Export Enforcement, U.S. Department of Commerce |

## John Merizon |
Loral Manager for Intelsat 7 and 7A programs |

## Doug Monitto |
Former President, Monitor Aerospace |

## Paul O'Connor |
Former Vice President, Space and Telecom Group, J&H Marsh & McLennan; Australian citizen working for British space insurance broker Willis Corroon Inspace (WCI) in Singapore |

## Zia Oboodiyat |
Loral Executive Director for the Mabuhay program |

## Brooks Ohlson |
Former Special Agent in Charge, Los Angeles Field Office, Office of Export Enforcement, U.S. Department of Commerce |

## Frederick Ormsby |
Member of Independent Review Committee; retired launch vehicle engineer with Intelsat, where he was the Department Manager, Spacecraft Engineering & Launch Vehicle Program Office |

## Kenneth Peoples |
Former Department of State Licensing Officer; currently at U.S. Defense Technology Security Administration (renamed Technology Security Directorate) |

## John S. Perkins |
Hughes' Director of Launch Service Acquisitions; negotiated the Optus B3 contract |

## Dan Poneman |
Former U.S. National Security Council Senior Director for Nonproliferation and Export Controls |

## Steven Prichard |
Former USAF Captain and U.S. Defense Technology Security Administration monitor for Intelsat 708 launch campaign |

## Margaret Qualls |
Former Pinkerton Site Security Manager |

## Mark Quinn |
Former Vice President, J&H Marsh & McLennan's Space and Telecom Group |

## Marc Reardon |
Former Department of Commerce Office of Export Enforcement Special Agent at Los Angeles Field Office |

## William Reinsch |
Under Secretary for Export Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce |

## Duncan Reynard |
Export Control Officer, Loral |

## Jack Rodden |
Principal Engineer at Loral; Technical Staff on Independent Review Committee for Long March 3B-Intelsat 708 crash |

Joe Rongeau |
Hughes' Washington, D.C. representative |

## Timothy Rush |
Vice President, J&H Marsh & McLennan's Space and Telecom Group; former Intelsat Program Manager |

## Bernard Schwartz |
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, Loral Space & Communications |

## William Schweickert |
Technology Transfer Control Manager at Loral |

## Shen Jun |
Hughes Space and Communications
scientist and business development specialist on APMT satellite program;
son of PRC People's Liberation Army Lt. Gen. Shen Rongjun; phonetic
Shen June |

## Shen Rongjun |
Lt. Gen., People's Liberation Army;
Deputy Director, Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for
National Defense (COSTIND); father of Hughes employee Shen Jun; phonetic
Shen Rong-June |

## Shouchun Chen |
Vice President, China Great Wall Industry Corporation |

## John Smay |
Chief Technologist, Hughes Space & Communications; Member of Independent Review Committee for Long March 3B-Intelsat 708 crash |

## Jennifer Smolker |
Hughes attorney responsible for satellite export licensing accountability |

## Pete Snow |
Loral Site Security Manager at Long March 3B-Intelsat 708 crash in the PRC |

## Robert Steinhauer |
Member of Independent Review Committee for Long March 3B-Intelsat 708 crash; Chief Scientist, Hughes Space & Communications |

## David Tarbell |
Director, Technology Security Directorate (and Director of predecessor agency, the U. S. Defense Technology Security Administration) |

## Nabeeh Totah |
Director, Spacecraft Engineering Laboratory, Loral; Technical Staff on Independent Review Committee for Long March 3B-Intelsat 708 crash |

## Yah Lin (Charlie) Trie |
Taiwanese-born businessman indicted on campaign finance irregularities; financial connections to CP Group, shareholders in PRC-controlled APT satellite consortium; subject of Senate and House investigations of political fundraising |

## Muhammad Wahdy |
Loral Satellite Test Engineer |

## Mitchel Wallerstein |
Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Counterproliferation Policy |

## Al Wittman |
Hughes' Chief Technologist |

Bin Wu |
Former Chinese philosophy professor convicted in U.S. of smuggling night-vision equipment to PRC |

## He Xing |
Deputy General Manager, Space Division, China
Great Wall Industry Corporation; phonetic Hee-Shing |

## Nick Yen |
Department Manager, Launch Vehicle & Launch Operations, Loral; Secretary of Independent Review Committee for Long March 3B-Intelsat 708 crash |

## Madame Zhou |
PRC representative for PRC-controlled Asia Pacific Telecommunications Satellite Co., Ltd. |

Steve Zurian |
A principal of Trident Data Systems, which advised Loral on export control issues, and an attendee at meetings of Loral's Government Security Committee |



|


## AIT |
Assembly Integration and Test; the name for the period in the manufacture of a satellite in which the satellite is physically put together and tested. |

## Apstar |
The family name of several geosynchronous communications satellites manufactured by Hughes Space & Communications International, Inc. for APT. |

## APT |
Asia Pacific Telecommunications Satellite Company, Ltd.; 75% owned by PRC government-backed companies. Based in Hong Kong, APT owns and operates several satellites named Apstar. |

## AVIC |
Aviation Industries of China, formerly known as the Ministry of Aviation. AVIC is a PRC state-controlled entity that oversees research, development, and production of military and civilian aircraft in the PRC. |

## Ballistic Missile |
A rocket-launched system carrying one or more warheads which returns to the Earth's surface along a ballistic trajectory, meaning a non-propulsive free-fall. Ballistic missiles can be designed for short-, intermediate-, or long-range (see ICBM) capability. Many of the systems and components of ballistic missiles are common to rockets used to put satellites into orbit. |

## Broker |
A space insurance broker administers the space insurance policy between the underwriters and the satellite owner or manufacturer. |

CAEP |
China Academy of Engineering Physics, an institution responsible for research, development, testing, and production of the PRC's nuclear weapons. CAEP is subordinate to COSTIND. |

## CALT |
China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. PRC state-controlled entity that designs and manufactures military and commercial rockets and ballistic missiles. |

## CASC |
China Aerospace Corporation. Responsible for the design and manufacture of both PLA missiles and military and commercial space launch services and equipment. CASC is the parent organization of China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC), China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT), China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), and other entities. |

## CAST |
China Academy of Space Technology. PRC state-controlled entity that designs and manufactures satellites and recoverable payloads. |

## CATIC |
China National Aero-Technology Import/Export Corporation (CATIC) is a PRC state-controlled industrial corporation subordinate to the Aviation Industries Corporation of China (AVIC). AVIC is responsible for managing R&D for the PRC's state-controlled aviation industry, including production of military aircraft. |

## CCP |
Chinese Communist Party. Since 1949, the ruling body of the State, the military, the communications media, and the judiciary, and the only legal political organization in the People's Republic of China's one-party political dictatorship. Also sometimes referred to as the Communist Party of China (CPC). |

## CGWIC |
China Great Wall Industry Corporation. The PRC state-controlled business element of China Aerospace Corporation that furnishes space launch services, space technology, and related equipment. |

## CITIC |
China International Trust and Investment Company. The PRC government's premier state-controlled investment bank, which reports to the PRC State Council. CITIC's President, Wang Jun, has a status equivalent to that of a government minister. |

## CISC |
Complex Instruction Set Computer. As opposed to RISC, a CISC design uses a much larger instruction set. More instructions permit more efficient compilers; however, it has a cost in terms of chip complexity. |

## CLTC |
China Launch and Tracking Control General Administration |

## Clustering |
Clustering refers to using a group or collection of control processing units (CPUs), workstations, or boards to accomplish a single task or a group of tasks at greater speed. Examples are the clustering of (1) CPUs on the same board, (2) boards in the same machine, and (3) workstations or machines. In a network, the cluster of workstations forms a virtual machine to accomplish the task collectively. In a network of machines, there is a cluster of clusters. Each machine is a cluster of CPUs, and the collection of machines is in turn a cluster. |

## COSTIND |
The Commission on Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense. COSTIND is subordinate to the PRC State Council and oversees military research, development, and acquisition programs in the PRC. |

CPU |
Central Processing Unit. The essential core of a computer. |

## CTP |
Composite Theoretical Performance. The current metric used for calculating relative computing performance for purposes of export control, CTP gives an estimate of peak performance of a system. |

## DASA |
Daimler-Benz Aerospace AG, the largest defense and aerospace corporation in Germany. Its parent company has since merged with Chrysler Corporation to become the DaimlerChrysler Group. The aerospace unit is now named DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG. The new company still uses the abbreviated name DASA. |

## DOD |
U.S. Department of Defense |

## DTSA |
Defense Technology Security Administration. In 1998, DTSA was renamed the Technology Security Directorate and placed within the newly-created Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) in the U.S. Department of Defense. |

## FAC |
Failure Analysis Committee. One of three committees formed by China Great Wall Industry Corporation to investigate the launch failure of the Intelsat 708 satellite in 1996. The other committees are the Failure Investigation Committee (FIC) and Failure Oversight Committee (FOC). |

Failure tree analysis |
A mode of analysis that seeks to account methodically for all possible causes of a failure and their interrelationships. |

## Fairing |
The "nose cone" portion on a launch vehicle and on some ballistic missiles. The fairing protects the payload from atmospheric loads. |

## FIC |
Failure Investigation Committee. One of three committees formed by China Great Wall Industry Corporation to investigate the launch failure of the Intelsat 708 satellite in 1996. The other committees are the Failure Analysis Committee (FAC) and Failure Oversight Committee (FOC). |

## FOC |
Failure Oversight Committee. One of three committees formed by China Great Wall Industry Corporation to investigate the launch failure of the Intelsat 708 satellite in 1996. The FOC was an oversight committee that was over the FAC and the FIC. |

Frame |
Part of an Inertial Measurement Unit of the guidance system on a rocket or ballistic missile. A unit may contain three or four frames, each accounting for motion on a different axis. For example, a frame may account for vertical, horizontal, and one or more aspects of diagonal motion. The "Inner" frame is that closest to the instruments on the central platform of the Inertial Measurement Unit. The "Outer" frame is that farthest from the central platform. The "Follow-on" frame is a fourth frame or gimbal that is added to help to prevent a guidance system from becoming dysfunctional when the rocket or missile makes sudden movements out of the previous attitude for flight. Also called a "frame gimbal" or "gimbal." |

## Gigaflop |
Also GFLOP. One billion floating point operations per second. |

Gimbal |
Part of an Inertial Measurement Unit, which in turn is part of the guidance mechanism for a rocket or missile. Also called a "frame." See "Frame" above. |

GSC |
Loral's Government Security Committee |

## HPC |
High Performance Computer. The term used since 1996 for a class of computers in the mid-range of the computing performance scale. Presently these computers are in the speed range of 1,500 - 40,000 MTOPS. HPC replaces the now-obsolete term "supercomputers." |

## HSCI |
Hughes Spae & Communications International, Inc. (shorthand "Hughes" in these volumes). Aerospace company headquartered in El Segundo, CA; a subsidiary of Hughs Aircraft. Hughes built the Optus B2 and Apstar 2 satellites. |

## ICBM |
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. A ballistic missile designed with a maximum range of 3,100 miles (5,000 km) or greater. ICBMs are strategic weapons and typically carry nuclear warheads. |

## IMU |
Inertial Measurement Unit. Part of the guidance system on rockets, ballistic missiles, and certain other aerospace systems used to furnish information about changes in attitude and acceleration. |

## Intelsat |
The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat) is the world's largest commercial satellite communications services provider. Founded in 1964, Intelsat is a consortium of 143 countries that owns and manages a constellation of communications satellites. |

## IOT |
Independent Oversight Team. Hired by Hughes and the PRC during Apstar 2 launch failure analysis. Found discrepancies in PRC's Coupled Load Analysis. |

## IRC |
Independent Review Committee. See definition below. |

Independent Review Committee |
A committee of U.S. and European
scientists/engineers Committee formed in the spring of 1996 at the request of the China Great Wall Industry Corporation to perform an independent assessment of the PRC investigation of the causes of the Intelsat 708- Long March 3B launch failure that occurred on February 15, 1996. The Independent Review Committee included scientists from Space Systems/Loral and Hughes and was chaired by Dr. Wah Lim of Space Systems/Loral. |

## ISB |
International Space Brokers. A space insurance brokerage firm based in Rosslyn, Virginia. |

## ITAR |
The International Traffic in Arms Regulations. These federal regulations, which appear at 22 CFR Part 120 et seq., implement Section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act. |

## Iridium |
The generic name of both a satellite constellation providing global commercial communications service, and the company that owns it. Iridium satellites are manufactured by Lockheed-Martin and are launched from sites around the world, including Taiyuan, PRC. |

## J&H |
J&H Marsh & McLennan, Inc. is a multinational, privately-held company formed from the combination of Johnson & Higgins and Marsh & McLennan. It controls the largest international insurance brokerage system in the world. |

## Launch Vehicle |
A launch vehicle is a rocket used to launch a satellite into orbit. It typically includes several liquid- or solid-propellant stages, along with guidance and control systems. Many of the systems and components of a launch vehicle are common to ballistic missiles. |

Legacy Codes |
Classified U.S. computer codes derived from nuclear weapons testing data. The legacy codes are used by scientists to understand processes within a thermonuclear warhead. These codes are useful for adapting or modifying weapons designs, for evaluating new weapons designs, and for judging weapon stability over time and stockpile maintenance needs. |

Lop Nur |
Nuclear weapons test site in the PRC |

## Loral |
Space Systems/Loral Corporation, builder of the Intelsat 708 satellite. |

## Mabuhay |
A satellite manufactured by Space Systems/Loral for the Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corporation. The satellite was launched on August 19, 1997 from the PRC's Xichang Space Launch Complex aboard a Long March 3B rocket; later renamed Agila 2. |

## MEI |
Ministry of Electronics Industry. Now known as the Ministry of Information Industry (MII), it is the PRC government ministry responsible for the development of the electronics industry. |

## MID |
Military Intelligence Department. The primary military intelligence agency in the PRC. Also known as the Second Department of the PLA General Staff. Headed by General Ji Shengde since 1992. |

## MII |
Ministry of Information Industry. It is the PRC government ministry responsible for the development of the electronics industry. Formerly known as the Ministry of Electronics Industry (MEI). |

## MIRV |
Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle. The technology that permits a single ballistic missile to carry multiple warheads and target them independently. |

## MPP |
Massively Parallel Processor. This is a collection of building block computers in one computer. Each building block computer could be on an individual board (each board would be a physically separate computer with only the minimum items needed to make a working computer CPU, Memory, Input/Output), and each board could talk to any other board via a common system bus. A system bus connects all the boards in the MPP computer together, allowing each board to pass data or instructions from any one board to any other. This transfer of data is done through the Input/Output portion of each board. |

## MSS |
Ministry of State Security. The principal domestic and foreign intelligence agency of the PRC. See also MID. |

## MTOPS |
Millions of Theoretical Operations per Second. A generic metric for the performance of computers. A higher number indicates faster performance. For example, a 450 Mhz Pentium II processor has an MTOPS rating of approximately 467. |

## MPT |
Ministry of Post and Telecommunications. Controls the PRC's state-controlled communications infrastructure. |

## MTCR |
Missile Technology Control Regime. Created in April 1987 by Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States to limit the proliferation of missiles capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction. |

## Network |
A network of workstations or of machines is a collection of two or more individual and complete machines that are connected externally by a dedicated communications path to and from a switch. The switch allows communications between each machine. |

## NIO |
National Intelligence Officer. A U.S. intelligence analyst with specific country or subject-matter expertise. |

NSC |
U.S. National Security Council |

## ODTC |
Office of Defense Trade Controls, U.S. Department of Stat |

## Optus |
The family name of several geosynchronous communications satellites manufactured by Hughes Space & Communications Corporation for Optus Communications PTY Ltd. of Australia. The Optus B1, B2, and B3 satellites were launched on Long March 2E rockets from Xichang Space Launch Center in the PRC. |

## Payload |
A commercial payload consists of the object(s) that are to be placed into orbit by a rocket. A military payload is usually a warhead or a military satellite for the purpose of reconnaissance or communications. |

## PBV |
Post Boost Vehicle. The final stage of an ICBM. The PBV has its own guidance and propulsion system, and is programmed to release several reentry vehicles (see MIRV) along different ballistic trajectories so that they strike different targets. Modern PBVs also include the ability to dispense decoys and other countermeasures. |

## PICC |
People's Insurance Company of China. Based in Beijing, PICC is a state-owned insurance company dealing in all types of insurance coverage in international insurance markets. |

## PLA |
People's Liberation Army. The national military of the PRC and the largest standing army in the world. All branches of the PRC military, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, are part of the PLA. |

## PRC |
People's Republic of China. The defacto government of mainland China established by Mao Zedong in 1949. The Communist government of China was first recognized by the United States in 1979. |

## RISC |
Reduced Instruction Set Computer. As opposed to CISC, a RISC computer uses a much shorter instruction set, meaning it allows fewer machine instructions. This permits a much simpler chip design that can run at much higher speeds. |

ROC |
Republic of China. The democratic successor government to the pre-Communist government of mainland China, located on the island of Taiwan. Since 1979, U.S. dealings with the ROC have been conducted pursuant to the Taiwan Relations Act. |

## Satellite |
Military or civilian equipment designed to operate in orbit around the Earth. Satellites are used in many roles, including weather forecasting, communications (radio, television, telephone, data services), scientific research, and surveillance. |

## SMP |
Symmetrical Multiprocessor. This is a computer with multiple CPUs that is treated as a single fast CPU. Although an SMP uses multiple CPUs, it is actually performing sequential processing. |

## Space Launch |
A space launch vehicle is a rocket used to launch a satellite into orbit. It typically includes several liquid- or solid-propellant stages, along with guidance and control systems. Many of the systems and components of a launch vehicle are common to ballistic missiles. |

## SS/L |
Space Systems/Loral, referred to as "Loral" throughout this Report. Aerospace company headquartered in Palo Alto, CA; a subsidiary of Loral Space and Communications, Ltd. Loral built the Intelsat 708 satellite. |

## Supercomputer |
An obsolete term for a powerful computer. The term was replaced in January 1996 in Export Administration Regulations with the term "high performance computer." |

## TEM |
Technical Exchange Meeting. A technical meeting between engineers from different organizations for the purposes of discussing and exchanging technical information about the applicable project. A typical satellite design and development program involves many TEMs in order to share information, plan and coordinate engineering activities, as well as resolve technical issues. |

## Teraflop |
Also TFLOP. One trillion floating point operations per second. |

TFLOP |
See "Teraflop" above. |

## TIM |
Technical Interface Meeting. See "TEM" above. |

Torque motor |
A motor that receives information from the frames in the inertial measurement unit about changes in attitude of a rocket or missile, which in turn helps to correct the attitude of the rocket or missile, as needed. For further information, see "Frame" and "Inertial Measurement Unit" above. |

## TTCP |
Technology Transfer Control Plan. Required in connection with U.S. satellite launches in the PRC. |

## Underwriter |
A space insurance underwriter provides satellite owners and manufacturers with space insurance for launch and in-orbit phases of a satellite launch. |

Voluntary Disclosure |
Reports prepared by Loral and Hughes to explain to U.S. Government authorities the unlicensed participation by Loral and Hughes officers and employees in a PRC review of the technical causes of a PRC rocket crash. Although termed "voluntary," the reports were prepared at the insistence of the State Department, which had previously learned through a newspaper article of violations of export control laws by Loral and Hughes. |

## XSLC |
Xichang Space Launch Center; phonetic Shee-chang. A space-launch facility located on a PLA military base in Xichang, PRC. The Intelsat 708 satellite launch failure occurred at XSLC. |