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                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Election Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Coalition District</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Elections</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Avoidance</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>2008-030-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="North Carolina">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>2008-031-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Consumer, consumer organization</petitioner>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Antonin Scalia</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Speedy Trial</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2008-032-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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                   <topic>Witness Fees</topic>
                                        
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Samuel A. Alito, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>2008-034-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
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            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 51(B)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Plea Agreement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 52(B)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unpreserved Claims of Error</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Breach of Contract</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Forfeited Claim</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Plain Error</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Breach of Plea Agreement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Plain Error Review</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Plea Bargaining: The Constitutionality of and/Or the Circumstances of Its Exercise</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2008-035-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Harmless Error</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process Clause</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Peremptory Challenges</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Right to Fair Trial</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Harmless Error Standard</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Voir Dire (Not Necessarily a Criminal Case)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2008-036-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs, 556 U.S. 163 (2009)</title>
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              <topic>Repeals</topic>
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              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Interpretation</topic>
              <topic>Territories and Protectorates</topic>
              <topic>Public Lands</topic>
              <topic>Historic Sites and Heritage Areas</topic>
              <topic>Congress</topic>
              <topic>Statehood</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Repeal by Implication</topic>
              <topic>Sovereignty</topic>
              <topic>Federal Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Apology Resolution</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Hawaii</topic>
              <topic>Federal Question Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
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                   <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>2008-037-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Hawaii">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Hawaii">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Samuel A. Alito, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Philip Morris USA Inc. v. Williams, Personal Representative of the Estate of Williams, Deceased, 556 U.S. 178 (2009)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
              <topic>Certiorari Dismissed as Improvidently Granted</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
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                   <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2008-038-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Drug manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Oregon">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Oregon">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Harbison v. Bell, 556 U.S. 180 (2009)</title>
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              <topic>Clemency</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Purpose</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>2008-039-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Tennessee">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Tennessee Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper, Inc., 556 U.S. 208 (2009)</title>
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              <topic>Cost Benefit Analysis</topic>
              <topic>Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Water Quality</topic>
              <topic>National Performance Standards</topic>
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              <topic>Wildlife</topic>
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                   <topic>Statutory Interpretation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Public Utilities Regulation: Electric Power</topic>
                                        
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>2008-041-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Bureau of Indian Affairs</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2008-042-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>2008-043-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
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              <docketId>2008-044-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Arizona">State</petitioner>
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>2008-045-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Foreign nation or instrumentality</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
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                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
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                   <writer>John G. Roberts, Jr.</writer>
                                        
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              <docketId>2008-048-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
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                   <topic>Administrative Procedure Act (A.P.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Communications</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Broadcasting</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Arbitrary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Expletives</topic>
                                    
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Antonin Scalia</assigner>
                                    
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              <topic>Plausible Claim for Relief</topic>
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                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
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                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
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                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Narcotics Includes Regulation and Prohibition of Alcohol</topic>
                                        
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              <petitioner>Defendant</petitioner>
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                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
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            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Mental Capacity</topic>
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                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Damages</topic>
              <topic>Genuine and Serious</topic>
              <topic>Pain and Suffering</topic>
              <topic>Sufficiency of Evidence: Typically in the Context of a Jury&apos;s Determination of Compensation for Injury or Death</topic>
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              <docketId>2008-062-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Railroad</petitioner>
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                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
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              <topic>Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act (E.W.S.A.A.)</topic>
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              <topic>Executive Powers</topic>
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              <docketId>2008-063-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Foreign nation or instrumentality</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Unconstitutional Probability of Bias</topic>
              <topic>Legal Ethics</topic>
              <topic>Recusal</topic>
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              <topic>Risk of Actual Bias or Prejudgment</topic>
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                   <topic>Probability of Actual Bias</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bias</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Ethics</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judges</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process: Impartial Decision Maker</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>2008-064-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Coal company or coal mine operator</petitioner>
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <docketId>2008-065-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>False Claims Act (F.C.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Action</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Qui Tam</topic>
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Untimely Filing</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2008-066-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Structure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Crimes Against Property</topic>
              <topic>Organized Crime and Gangs</topic>
              <topic>Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (R.I.C.O)</topic>
              <topic>Enterprise</topic>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Samuel A. Alito, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Indiana State Police Pension Trust et al. v. Chrysler LLC et al., 556 U.S. 960 (2009)</title>
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              <docketId>2008-068-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
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