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                   <topic>Grand Theft</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crimes Against Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probation and Parole</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Grossly Disproportionate</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty (Cf. Liability, Civil Rights Acts)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-028-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2002-11-05</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lockyer v. Andrade, 538 U.S. 63 (2003)</title>
              <partNumber>538 U.S. 63</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Three Strikes</topic>
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              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
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              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <docketId>2002-029-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2002-11-05</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>28 U.S.C. �� 2241-2255 (habeas corpus)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84 (2003)</title>
              <partNumber>538 U.S. 84</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Sex Offender Registration</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Ex Post Facto Clause</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Ex Post Facto (State)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offender Registration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ex Post Facto Clause</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Ex Post Facto (State)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-030-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Alaska">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Alaska U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2002-11-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 10 (state bill of attainder or ex post facto law)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Cook County v. United Sates ex rel. Chandler, 538 U.S. 119 (2003)</title>
              <partNumber>538 U.S. 119</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-538/USREPORTS-538-119</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
              <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>False Claims Act</topic>
              <topic>Nonprofit Corporations</topic>
              <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
              <topic>Payments</topic>
              <topic>Health Law</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Payments</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-031-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Illinois">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</petitioner>
              <respondent>Government contractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2003-01-14</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal False Claims</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Norfolk &amp; Western R. Co. v. Ayers, 538 U.S. 135 (2003)</title>
              <partNumber>538 U.S. 135</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-538/USREPORTS-538-135</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">538 U.S. 135 (2003)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">538 U.S. 135</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec7017a</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Mental Health</topic>
              <topic>Cancer</topic>
              <topic>Asbestos</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Railroads</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Health Law</topic>
              <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>2003-03-10</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>2002</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>538 U.S. 135</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Mental Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cancer</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Asbestos</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Law</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-032-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Railroad</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="West Virginia">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="West Virginia">State Trial Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2002-11-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Employers&apos; Liability, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Cuyahoga Falls v. Buckeye Community Hope Foundation, 538 U.S. 188 (2003)</title>
              <partNumber>538 U.S. 188</partNumber>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Voters</topic>
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              <topic>Building Construction</topic>
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              <topic>Rural Development</topic>
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              <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
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                   <topic>Voters</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ordinance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Building Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Licensing and Permits</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>2002-033-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Ohio">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Nonprofit organization or business</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Ohio Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2003-01-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Woodford v. Garbeau, 538 U.S. 202 (2003)</title>
              <partNumber>538 U.S. 202</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Crimes Against Children</topic>
              <topic>Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of (A.E.D.P.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Relief</topic>
              <topic>Crimes Against Women</topic>
              <topic>Stay of Execution</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crimes Against Children</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of (A.E.D.P.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Relief</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-034-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2003-01-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>28 U.S.C. �� 2241-2255 (habeas corpus)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Brown v. Legal Foundation of Wash., 538 U.S. 216 (2003)</title>
              <partNumber>538 U.S. 216</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Interest on Lawyers&apos; Trust Accounts</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Compensation Clause</topic>
              <topic>Interest</topic>
              <topic>Real Estate</topic>
              <topic>Client Funds</topic>
              <topic>Regulatory Taking</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
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                   <topic>Interest on Lawyers&apos; Trust Accounts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-035-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Washington">State or U.S. Supreme Court</petitioner>
              <respondent>Attorney, or person acting as such, includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Washington Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2002-12-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (takings clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Branch v. Smith, 538 U.S. 254 (2003)</title>
              <partNumber>538 U.S. 254</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Redistricting Plan</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
              <topic>Legislators</topic>
              <topic>Congressional Seat</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Elections</topic>
              <topic>Candidates</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
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                   <topic>Redistricting Plan</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislators</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Congressional Seat</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-036-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Mississippi Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Mississippi Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2002-12-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Voting Rights Act of 1965, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Archer v. Warner, 538 U.S. 314 (2003)</title>
              <partNumber>538 U.S. 314</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Novation Theory</topic>
              <topic>Settlement Agreement</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Novation Theory</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Settlement Agreement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-037-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Buyer, purchaser</petitioner>
              <respondent>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>North Carolina Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2003-01-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Kentucky Assn. of Health Plans, Inc. v. Miller, 538 U.S. 329 (2003)</title>
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              <topic>Any Willing Provider</topic>
              <topic>Health Maintenance Organization (H.M.O.)</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Nongovernmental Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Health Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Health Law</topic>
              <topic>Mccarran-Ferguson Act</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Any Willing Provider</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Maintenance Organization (H.M.O.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Health Insurance</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Mccarran-Ferguson Act</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-038-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Insurance company, or surety</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Kentucky">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Kentucky Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2003-01-14</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Employee Retirement Income Security, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Virginia v. Black, 538 U.S. 343 (2003)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Cross Burning</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Intent to Intimidate</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Protest Demonstrations (Other than as Pertains to Sit-in Demonstrations): Demonstrations and Other Forms of Protest Based on First Amendment Guarantees</topic>
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                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>2002-039-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Virginia">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or nonindigent loiterer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Virginia">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>2002-040-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2002-041-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Clackamas Gastroenterology Associates, P. C. v. Wells, 538 U.S. 440 (2003)</title>
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              <docketId>2002-042-01</docketId>
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              <respondent>Female employee or job applicant</respondent>
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Jinks v. Richland County, 538 U.S. 456 (2003)</title>
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              <petitioner>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Dole Food Co. et al. v. Patrickson et al., 538 U.S. 468 (2003)</title>
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              <docketId>2002-044-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Foreign (non-American) nongovernmental entity</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Accounting and Auditing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Income Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California Franchise Tax Board</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Full Faith and Credit Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Miscellaneous Interstate Relations Conflict</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-045-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Nevada">State or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="California">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>2003-02-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article IV, Section 1 (full faith and credit clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2002-046-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Naturalization</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Citizenship and Nationality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Removal Hearing</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Deportation (Cf. Immigration and Naturalization)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-047-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Immigration and Naturalization Service, or Director of, or District Director of, or Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement</petitioner>
              <respondent>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <dateArgument>2003-01-15</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Immigration and Naturalization, Immigration, Nationality, or Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Roell v. Withrow, 538 U.S. 580 (2003)</title>
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              <topic>Eighth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Consent</topic>
              <topic>Federal Magistrates Act</topic>
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                   <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-048-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Illinois ex rel. Madigan v. Telemarketing Associates, Inc., 538 U.S. 600 (2003)</title>
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                   <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fundraising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>2002-049-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Illinois">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Eleemosynary institution or person</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Kaupp v. Texas, 538 U.S. 626 (2003)</title>
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                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crimes Against Children</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2002-050-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Price v. Vincent, 538 U.S. 634 (2003)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-051-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Michigan">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Michigan Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>28 U.S.C. �� 2241-2255 (habeas corpus)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Pharmaceutical Research and Mfrs. of America v. Walsh, 538 U.S. 644 (2003)</title>
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              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
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                   <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prescription Drugs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maine Rx</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-052-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Drug manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Maine">State department or agency</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Maine U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Breuer v. Jim&apos;s Concrete of Brevard, Inc., 538 U.S. 691 (2003)</title>
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              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938</topic>
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              <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Health Law</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
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                   <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Officials and Employees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-053-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin>Florida Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fair Labor Standards</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community of the Bishop Colony, 538 U.S. 701 (2003)</title>
              <partNumber>538 U.S. 701</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
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                   <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Indians (Other than Pertains to State Jurisdiction Over)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>2002-054-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>City of Los Angeles v. David, 538 U.S. 715 (2003)</title>
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                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Impoundment</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process: Hearing or Notice (Other than as Pertains to Government Employees or Prisoners&apos; Rights)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>2002-055-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</respondent>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Kansas v. Nebraska, 538 U.S. 720 (2003)</title>
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              <topic>Wells</topic>
              <topic>Water Consumption</topic>
              <topic>State Law</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>2002-056-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Kansas">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Nebraska">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
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              <petitioner state="California">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
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