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                   <topic>Congressional Redistricting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Apportionment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Retrogression</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Georgia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racial Gerrymandering</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-076-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Georgia">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department of Justice or Attorney General</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Georgia Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Georgia Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1996-12-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Voting Rights Act of 1965, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Metropolitan Stevedore Co. v. Rambo, 521 U.S. 121 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>521 U.S. 121</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-521/USREPORTS-521-121</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Work-Related Injury</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Longshoremen&apos;s and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Earning Capacity</topic>
              <topic>Unemployment Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Diminished Capacity</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Workers&apos; Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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              <reportNumber>121</reportNumber>
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                   <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Work-Related Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Longshoremen&apos;s and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Earning Capacity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unemployment Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Diminished Capacity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Workers&apos; Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-077-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Water transportation, stevedore</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Benefits Review Board</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1997-03-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Longshoremen and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>O&apos;Dell v. Netherland, 521 U.S. 151 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>521 U.S. 151</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-521/USREPORTS-521-151</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">521 U.S. 151</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6fa39</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Capital Murder</topic>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
              <topic>Death Penalty</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Future Dangerousness</topic>
              <topic>Simmons Rule</topic>
              <topic>Virginia</topic>
              <topic>Probation and Parole</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Retroactivity (Of Newly Announced or Newly Enacted Constitutional or Statutory Rights)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-521-151</accessId>
              <reportNumber>151</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1997-06-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>521 U.S. 151</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>521 U.S. 151 (1997)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Murder</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Death Penalty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Future Dangerousness</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Simmons Rule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Virginia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probation and Parole</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Retroactivity (Of Newly Announced or Newly Enacted Constitutional or Statutory Rights)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-078-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Virginia">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1997-03-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Klehr v. A.O. Smith Corp., 521 U.S. 179 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>521 U.S. 179</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-521/USREPORTS-521-179</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">521 U.S. 179 (1997)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">521 U.S. 179</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6fa2a</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Fraudulent Concealment</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Accrual Rule</topic>
              <topic>Price Fixing</topic>
              <topic>Limitation of Actions</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Last Predicate Act Rule</topic>
              <topic>Racketeering</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (R.I.C.O.)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
              <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Timeliness</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-521-179</accessId>
              <reportNumber>179</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1997-06-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>521 U.S. 179</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraudulent Concealment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Accrual Rule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Price Fixing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Limitation of Actions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Last Predicate Act Rule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racketeering</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (R.I.C.O.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Timeliness</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-079-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Farmer, farm worker, or farm organization</petitioner>
              <respondent>Seller or vendor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Minnesota U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1997-04-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Agostini v. Felton, 521 U.S. 203 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>521 U.S. 203</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-521/USREPORTS-521-203</identifier>
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              <topic>Freedom of Religion</topic>
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              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Parochial Schools</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Entanglement</topic>
              <topic>Establishment Clause</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
              <topic>Education Funding</topic>
              <topic>Parochiaid: Government Aid to Religious Schools, or Religious Requirements in Public Schools</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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              <reportNumber>203</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1997-06-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>521 U.S. 203</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>521 U.S. 203 (1997)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Freedom of Religion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Remedial Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Parochial Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Education Funding</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Parochiaid: Government Aid to Religious Schools, or Religious Requirements in Public Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-080-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Parent or parents</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New York">State or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (establishment of religion)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Idaho v. Coeur d&apos;Alene Tribe of Idaho, 521 U.S. 261 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>521 U.S. 261</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>American Indians</topic>
              <topic>Quiet Title Action</topic>
              <topic>Ex Parte Young Doctrine</topic>
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              <topic>Idaho</topic>
              <topic>Submerged Lands</topic>
              <topic>Indigenous Peoples and Coeur D&apos;Alene Tribe of Idaho</topic>
              <topic>Federal Courts</topic>
              <topic>Native Americans</topic>
              <topic>North America</topic>
              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Eleventh Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
              <topic>National Supremacy: Natural Resources (Cf. Natural Resources - Environmental Protection)</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>American Indians</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Quiet Title Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ex Parte Young Doctrine</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Idaho</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Submerged Lands</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indigenous Peoples and Coeur D&apos;Alene Tribe of Idaho</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Americans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>North America</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Eleventh Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>National Supremacy: Natural Resources (Cf. Natural Resources - Environmental Protection)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-081-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Idaho">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Idaho U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1996-10-16</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eleventh Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Lindh v. Murphy, 521 U.S. 320 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>521 U.S. 320</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of (A.E.D.P.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Noncapital Cases</topic>
              <topic>Wisconsin</topic>
              <topic>Landgraf Rule</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Confrontation Clause</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Retroactivity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of (A.E.D.P.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-082-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Wisconsin">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Wisconsin Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
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              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1997-04-14</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>28 U.S.C. �� 2241-2255 (habeas corpus)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 U.S. 346 (1997)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Crimes Against Children</topic>
              <topic>Mental Abnormality</topic>
              <topic>Sexually Violent Predator Act</topic>
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              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Kansas</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Involuntary Commitment</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
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                   <topic>Crimes Against Children</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mental Abnormality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sexually Violent Predator Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-083-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Kansas">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person allegedly criminally insane or mentally incompetent to stand trial</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin state="Kansas">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Kansas">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1996-12-10</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Richardson v. McKnight, 521 U.S. 399 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>521 U.S. 399</partNumber>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
              <topic>Section 1983</topic>
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              <topic>Inmates and Prisoners</topic>
              <topic>Public Contracts and Procurement</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Prison Guards</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>For-Profit Prisons</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1997-06-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>521 U.S. 399</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>For-Profit Prisons</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-084-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Tennessee Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1997-03-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Metro-North Commuter R. Co. v. Buckley, 521 U.S. 424 (1997)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Federal Employers&apos; Liability Act (F.E.L.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Damages</topic>
              <topic>Asbestos</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Physical Impact</topic>
              <topic>Medical Monitoring Costs</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1997-06-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>521 U.S. 424</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>521 U.S. 424 (1997)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Federal Employers&apos; Liability Act (F.E.L.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Asbestos</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Physical Impact</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Medical Monitoring Costs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-085-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Railroad</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Employers&apos; Liability, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Glickman v. Wileman Brothers &amp; Elliott, Inc., 521 U.S. 457 (1997)</title>
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              <topic>U.S. Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Agricultural Marketing</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Speech</topic>
              <topic>Generic Advertising</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Central Hudson Test</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Speech, Excluding Attorneys</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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              <fullCitation>521 U.S. 457 (1997)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>U.S. Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agricultural Marketing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Generic Advertising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Central Hudson Test</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Speech, Excluding Attorneys</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-086-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Agriculture</petitioner>
              <respondent>Farmer, farm worker, or farm organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Agriculture</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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            </law>
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Churches</topic>
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                   <topic>Free Exercise of Religion</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1996-087-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Texas">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Religious organization, institution, or person</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Lawyer v. Department of Justice, 521 U.S. 567 (1997)</title>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Preclearance</topic>
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              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Redistricting Plan</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
              <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment</topic>
              <topic>Florida</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Elections</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Racial Gerrymandering</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
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                   <topic>Legislative Elections</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racial Gerrymandering</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-088-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent>Department of Justice or Attorney General</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department of Justice or Attorney General</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Florida Middle U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor, 521 U.S. 591 (1997)</title>
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              <topic>Alternative Dispute Resolution (A.D.R.)</topic>
              <topic>Asbestos</topic>
              <topic>All Writs Act</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Class Certification</topic>
              <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
              <topic>Class Action</topic>
              <topic>Global Settlement</topic>
              <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1996-089-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. O&apos;Hagan, 521 U.S. 642 (1997)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-521/USREPORTS-521-642</identifier>
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              <topic>Stocks</topic>
              <topic>Fiduciary Duty</topic>
              <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Misappropriation</topic>
              <topic>Securities and Exchange Commission (S.E.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-090-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Attorney, or person acting as such, includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Securities and Exchange Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Minnesota U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Securities Act of 1933, the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, or the Williams Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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                   <topic>Euthanasia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fundamental Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patients&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Assistance</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Assisted Suicide</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Right to Die</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-091-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Washington">State</petitioner>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>New York</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
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              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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              <docketId>1996-092-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Raines v. Byrd, 521 U.S. 811 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>521 U.S. 811</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-521/USREPORTS-521-811</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Article III</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
              <topic>Standing</topic>
              <topic>Line Item Veto Act</topic>
              <topic>Personal Stake</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Bills and Resolutions</topic>
              <topic>Case or Controversy</topic>
              <topic>Concrete Injury</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Standing to Sue: Personal Injury</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Article III</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Standing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Line Item Veto Act</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Personal Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-093-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Office of Management and Budget</petitioner>
              <respondent>U.S. Senator</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseSource>
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              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1997-05-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>521 U.S. 844</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-521/USREPORTS-521-844</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Obscenity</topic>
              <topic>Minors</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Telecommunications</topic>
              <topic>Sexually Explicit Material</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Internet</topic>
              <topic>Communications Decency Act</topic>
              <topic>Vagueness</topic>
              <topic>Overbreadth</topic>
              <topic>Content-Based Blanket Restriction</topic>
              <topic>Communications</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Obscenity, Federal</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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              <reportNumber>844</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1997-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>521 U.S. 844</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Obscenity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Telecommunications</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Internet</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Content-Based Blanket Restriction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Communications</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Obscenity, Federal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-094-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Attorney general of the United States, or his office</petitioner>
              <respondent>Public interest organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1997-03-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Act of congress declared unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>521 U.S. 898</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-521/USREPORTS-521-898</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Background Checks</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Weapons</topic>
              <topic>Brady Handgun Violence Protection Act</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Gun Control</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>State Powers</topic>
              <topic>National Supremacy: Miscellaneous</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <reportNumber>898</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1997-06-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>521 U.S. 898</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>521 U.S. 898 (1997)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Background Checks</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Brady Handgun Violence Protection Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gun Control</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Powers</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>National Supremacy: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-095-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Montana">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Montana U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1996-12-03</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>Act of congress declared unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Foreman v. Dallas County, 521 U.S. 979 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>521 U.S. 979</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-521/USREPORTS-521-979</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Preclearance</topic>
              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Texas</topic>
              <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
              <topic>Election Law</topic>
              <topic>Election Judges</topic>
              <topic>Dallas County</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>521 U.S. 979</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>521 U.S. 979 (1997)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Preclearance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Texas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Election Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Election Judges</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dallas County</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-096-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Voting Rights Act of 1965, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
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