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         <identifier type="preferred citation">519 U.S. 2 (1996)</identifier>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Harmless Error</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
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                   <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-002-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lopez v. Monterey County, 519 U.S. 9 (1996)</title>
              <partNumber>519 U.S. 9</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-519/USREPORTS-519-9</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6fd10</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Federal Preclearance</topic>
              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Consolidation Ordinances</topic>
              <topic>Monterey County</topic>
              <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Elections</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>Election Law</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>9</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1996-11-06</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>519 U.S. 9</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>519 U.S. 9 (1996)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Federal Preclearance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Consolidation Ordinances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Monterey County</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Elections</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Election Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-003-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1996-10-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Voting Rights Act of 1965, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>INS v. Yueh-Shaio Yang, 519 U.S. 26 (1996)</title>
              <partNumber>519 U.S. 26</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-519/USREPORTS-519-26</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">519 U.S. 26 (1996)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">519 U.S. 26</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6fd1a</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Deportation</topic>
              <topic>Unlawful Entry</topic>
              <topic>Immigration and Naturalization Service (I.N.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Immigration</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
              <topic>Undocumented Immigrants</topic>
              <topic>Waiver</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Deportation (Cf. Immigration and Naturalization)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1996, October 7, 1996, through February 26, 1997;INS v. Yueh-Shaio Yang, 519 U.S. 26 (1996);519 U.S. 26</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>26</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>10</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1996-11-13</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>519 U.S. 26</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>519 U.S. 26 (1996)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Deportation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unlawful Entry</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration and Naturalization Service (I.N.S.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Undocumented Immigrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Waiver</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Deportation (Cf. Immigration and Naturalization)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-004-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Immigration and Naturalization Service, or Director of, or District Director of, or Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement</petitioner>
              <respondent>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Board of Immigration Appeals</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1996-10-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Immigration and Naturalization, Immigration, Nationality, or Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ohio v. Robinette, 519 U.S. 33 (1996)</title>
              <partNumber>519 U.S. 33</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-519/USREPORTS-519-33</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">519 U.S. 33 (1996)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">519 U.S. 33</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6fd29</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Consent to Search</topic>
              <topic>First-Tell-Then-Ask Rule</topic>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Possession</topic>
              <topic>Traffic Stop</topic>
              <topic>Controlled Substances</topic>
              <topic>Suppression</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Ohio</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1996, October 7, 1996, through February 26, 1997;Ohio v. Robinette, 519 U.S. 33 (1996);519 U.S. 33</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-519-33</accessId>
              <reportNumber>33</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1996-11-18</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>519 U.S. 33</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>519 U.S. 33 (1996)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Consent to Search</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First-Tell-Then-Ask Rule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Possession</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Traffic Stop</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Controlled Substances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Suppression</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ohio</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-005-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Ohio">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Ohio">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Ohio">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1996-10-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Jose, 519 U.S. 54 (1996)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Notice</topic>
              <topic>Irs</topic>
              <topic>Intercircuit Conflict</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Restriction of Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Review of Non-Final Order</topic>
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                   <topic>Notice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Irs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intercircuit Conflict</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Restriction of Enforcement</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Review of Non-Final Order</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-006-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Hawaii U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>In re Gaydos, 519 U.S. 59 (1996)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6fd28</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Frivolous Filings</topic>
              <topic>Docketing Fees</topic>
              <topic>New Jersey</topic>
              <topic>In Forma Pauperis</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Indigents: Costs or Filing Fees</topic>
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                   <topic>Frivolous Filings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Docketing Fees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New Jersey</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>In Forma Pauperis</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Indigents: Costs or Filing Fees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-007-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Indigent, needy, welfare recipient</petitioner>
              <respondent state="United States">State or U.S. Supreme Court</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Mandamus</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Supreme Court Rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Caterpillar Inc. v. Lewis, 519 U.S. 61 (1996)</title>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-008-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Auto manufacturer</petitioner>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>O&apos;Gilvie v. United States, 519 U.S. 79 (1996)</title>
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              <topic>Income Tax</topic>
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              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-009-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</petitioner>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>M.L.B. v. S.L.J., 519 U.S. 102 (1996)</title>
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                   <topic>In Forma Pauperis</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Indigents: Costs or Filing Fees</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1996-010-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Mother</petitioner>
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              <caseOrigin state="Mississippi">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Greene v. Georgia, 519 U.S. 145 (1996)</title>
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              <docketId>1996-011-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Firearms</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Possession</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Assault and Battery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prior Conviction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prejudice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Impeaching Evidence</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Presentation, Admissibility, or Sufficiency of Evidence (Not Necessarily a Criminal Case)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-013-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Evidence</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Retaliation</topic>
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              <docketId>1996-014-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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            </law>
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Atherton v. FDIC, 519 U.S. 213 (1997)</title>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-015-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Management, executive officer, or director, of business entity</petitioner>
              <respondent>Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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                   <topic>Certiorari Dismissed</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-016-01</docketId>
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              <respondent>Attorney, or person acting as such, includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association</respondent>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Babbitt v. Youpee, 519 U.S. 234 (1997)</title>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Indian Land Consolidation Act</topic>
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                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-017-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of the Interior</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of the Interior</adminAction>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc. v. Director, Office of Workers&apos; Compensation Programs, 519 U.S. 248 (1997)</title>
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              <topic>Death Benefits</topic>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
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              <docketId>1996-019-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Auto manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Ohio">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>California Div. of Labor Standards Enforcement v. Dillingham Constr., N.A., Inc., 519 U.S. 316 (1997)</title>
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              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
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              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Apprenticeship Wages</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act of (E.R.I.S.A.)</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-020-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State department or agency</petitioner>
              <respondent>Government contractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Employee Retirement Income Security, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Robinson v. Shell Oil Co., 519 U.S. 337 (1997)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Title VII</topic>
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              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Employees</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (E.E.O.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1997-02-18</decisionDate>
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              <usCitation>519 U.S. 337</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Title VII</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Retaliatory Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-021-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Maryland U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Brockamp, 519 U.S. 347 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>519 U.S. 347</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-519/USREPORTS-519-347</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
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              <topic>Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Tax Refunds</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Equitable Tolling</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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              <usCitation>519 U.S. 347</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Income Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Refunds</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1996-022-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1996-12-03</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Bibles v. Oregon Natural Desert Assn., 519 U.S. 355 (1997)</title>
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              <topic>Foia</topic>
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        </subject>
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                   <topic>Public Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>BLM</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-023-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of the Interior</petitioner>
              <respondent>Environmental organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of the Interior</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Oregon U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Freedom of Information, Sunshine, or Privacy Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western N. Y., 519 U.S. 357 (1997)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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              <topic>New York</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
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              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Prior Restraint</topic>
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              <topic>Abortion</topic>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1997-02-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>519 U.S. 357</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>519 U.S. 357 (1997)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Family Planning and Birth Control</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Buffer Zone</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prior Restraint</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government Interests</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-024-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or nonindigent loiterer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1996-10-16</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Maryland v. Wilson, 519 U.S. 408 (1997)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
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              <topic>Maryland</topic>
              <topic>Searches</topic>
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              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
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              <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
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                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1996-026-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Maryland">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Maryland">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Doe, 519 U.S. 425 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>519 U.S. 425</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Indemnification</topic>
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              <topic>Officials and Employees</topic>
              <topic>Eleventh Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1997-02-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>519 U.S. 425</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Executive Agencies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Contracts and Procurement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-027-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State college or university</petitioner>
              <respondent>Out of state noncriminal defendant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1996-12-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eleventh Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lynce v. Mathis, 519 U.S. 433 (1997)</title>
              <partNumber>519 U.S. 433</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Early Release</topic>
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              <topic>Florida</topic>
              <topic>Ex Post Facto Clause</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Overcrowding</topic>
              <topic>Ex Post Facto (State)</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1996</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Retroactivity</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Ex Post Facto (State)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1996-028-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 10 (state bill of attainder or ex post facto law)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Auer v. Robbins, 519 U.S. 452 (1997)</title>
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              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938</topic>
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              <topic>St. Louis</topic>
              <topic>Officials and Employees</topic>
              <topic>Salary Basis</topic>
              <topic>Missouri</topic>
              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
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                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1996-029-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Missouri">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Missouri">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fair Labor Standards</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Dunn v. Commodity Futures Trading Comm&apos;n, 519 U.S. 465 (1997)</title>
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                   <topic>Foreign Currency</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1996-030-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Broker, stock exchange, investment or securities firm</petitioner>
              <respondent>Commodity Futures Trading Commission</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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