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                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1994-031-01</docketId>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Curtiss-Wright Corp. v. Schoonejongen et al., 514 U.S. 73 (1995)</title>
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                   <topic>Health Insurance</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Health Care Funding</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Cf. Union Trust Funds)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-032-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
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              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Employee Retirement Income Security, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human Services v. Guernsey Memorial Hospital, 514 U.S. 87 (1995)</title>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bonds</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Accounting and Auditing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Care Funding</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health and Human Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1994-033-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
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              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Medicare provisions of the Social Security Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Goeke, Superintendent, Renz Correctional Center v. Branch, 514 U.S. 115 (1995)</title>
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1994-034-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Missouri">State</petitioner>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Director, Office of Workers&apos; Compensation Programs, Department of Labor v. Newport News Shipbuilding &amp; (and) Dry Dock. et al., 514 U.S. 122 (1995)</title>
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              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
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              <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
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                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Statutory Standing</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-035-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Office of Workers&apos; Compensation Programs</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Benefits Review Board</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Longshoremen and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Anderson, Director, California Department of Social Services, et al. v. Edwards, Guardian Ad Litem for Edwards, et al., 514 U.S. 143 (1995)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Aid to Families with Dependent Children (A.F.D.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Assistance Unit</topic>
              <topic>Federal Family Unit</topic>
              <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
              <topic>Family Services</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1994, March 1 through May 25, 1995;Anderson, Director, California Department of Social Services, et al. v. Edwards, Guardian Ad Litem for Edwards, et al., 514 U.S. 143 (1995);514 U.S. 143</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-514-143</accessId>
              <reportNumber>143</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>12</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1995-03-22</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1994</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>514 U.S. 143</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>514 U.S. 143 (1995)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Families</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aid to Families with Dependent Children (A.F.D.C.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Assistance Unit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Family Unit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Family Services</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-036-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State department or agency</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indigent, needy, welfare recipient</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Conflict between federal court and state court</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1995-01-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Aid to Families with Dependent Children provisions of the Social Security Act, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co., Inc., 514 U.S. 159 (1995)</title>
              <partNumber>514 U.S. 159</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-514/USREPORTS-514-159</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">514 U.S. 159 (1995)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">514 U.S. 159</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6c922</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Functionality Doctrtine</topic>
              <topic>Lanham Act</topic>
              <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
              <topic>Trademark Infringement</topic>
              <topic>Trademarks</topic>
              <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Patents and Copyrights: Trademark</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1994, March 1 through May 25, 1995;Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co., Inc., 514 U.S. 159 (1995);514 U.S. 159</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-514-159</accessId>
              <reportNumber>159</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1995-03-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1994</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>514 U.S. 159</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>514 U.S. 159 (1995)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Functionality Doctrtine</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lanham Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trademark Infringement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trademarks</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Patents and Copyrights: Trademark</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-037-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Manufacturer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Patent Office, or Commissioner of, or Board of Appeals of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1995-01-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Jefferson Lines, Inc., 514 U.S. 175 (1995)</title>
              <partNumber>514 U.S. 175</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-514/USREPORTS-514-175</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">514 U.S. 175 (1995)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">514 U.S. 175</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
              <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
              <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
              <topic>Dormant Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Apportionment</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1994, March 1 through May 25, 1995;Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Jefferson Lines, Inc., 514 U.S. 175 (1995);514 U.S. 175</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-514-175</accessId>
              <reportNumber>175</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>14</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1995-04-03</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1994</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>514 U.S. 175</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>514 U.S. 175 (1995)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dormant Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Apportionment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-038-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Oklahoma">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent>Bus or motorized passenger transportation vehicle</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Minnesota U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1994-11-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Whitaker v. Superior Court of California, San Francisco County (Merrill Reese, Inc., Real Party in Interest), 514 U.S. 208 (1995)</title>
              <partNumber>514 U.S. 208</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-514/USREPORTS-514-208</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">514 U.S. 208 (1995)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">514 U.S. 208</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6d244</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Pro Se Civil Litigant</topic>
              <topic>Sanctions</topic>
              <topic>Abuse</topic>
              <topic>Frivolous</topic>
              <topic>In Forma Pauperis</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Indigents: U.S. Supreme Court Docketing Fee</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1994, March 1 through May 25, 1995;Whitaker v. Superior Court of California, San Francisco County (Merrill Reese, Inc., Real Party in Interest), 514 U.S. 208 (1995);514 U.S. 208</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-514-208</accessId>
              <reportNumber>208</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>15</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1995-04-17</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1994</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>514 U.S. 208</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>514 U.S. 208 (1995)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pro Se Civil Litigant</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sanctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Abuse</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Frivolous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>In Forma Pauperis</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Indigents: U.S. Supreme Court Docketing Fee</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-039-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Indigent, needy, welfare recipient</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">Court or judicial district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Supreme Court Rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Plaut et al. v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc., et al., 514 U.S. 211 (1995)</title>
              <partNumber>514 U.S. 211</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-514/USREPORTS-514-211</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">514 U.S. 211 (1995)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">514 U.S. 211</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Retroactive</topic>
              <topic>Uniform Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Securities Exchange Act</topic>
              <topic>Bonds</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Stocks</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Separation of Powers</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
              <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1994, March 1 through May 25, 1995;Plaut et al. v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc., et al., 514 U.S. 211 (1995);514 U.S. 211</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-514-211</accessId>
              <reportNumber>211</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>16</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1995-04-18</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1994</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>514 U.S. 211</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>514 U.S. 211 (1995)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Retroactive</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Uniform Limitations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities Exchange Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bonds</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Stocks</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Separation of Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-040-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Investor</petitioner>
              <respondent>Tender offer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Kentucky Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1994-11-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Securities Act of 1933, the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, or the Williams Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Act of congress declared unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human Services v. Whitecotton et al., 514 U.S. 268 (1995)</title>
              <partNumber>514 U.S. 268</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-514/USREPORTS-514-268</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">514 U.S. 268 (1995)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Vaccination</topic>
              <topic>Public Health</topic>
              <topic>Public Health Service Act</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
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         <extension>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1995-04-18</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1994</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>514 U.S. 268</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>514 U.S. 268 (1995)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Vaccination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Health Service Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-041-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
              <respondent>Child, children, including adopted or illegitimate</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1995-02-28</dateArgument>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Freightliner Corp. et al. v. Myrick et al., 514 U.S. 280 (1995)</title>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Antilock Braking System (A.B.S)</topic>
              <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
              <topic>Tractor Trailers</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>National Traffic in Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antilock Braking System (A.B.S)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tractor Trailers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>National Traffic in Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-042-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Georgia Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1995-02-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Heintz et al. v. Jenkins, 514 U.S. 291 (1995)</title>
              <partNumber>514 U.S. 291</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>False Representation</topic>
              <topic>Debtor</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Debt</topic>
              <topic>Fair Debt Collection Practices Act</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Consumer Protection: Typically Under the Truth in Lending, Food, Drug and Cosmetic, and Consumer Protection Credit Acts</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>False Representation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Debtor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Debt</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Debt Collection Practices Act</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Federal or State Consumer Protection: Typically Under the Truth in Lending, Food, Drug and Cosmetic, and Consumer Protection Credit Acts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-043-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Attorney, or person acting as such, includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association</petitioner>
              <respondent>Debtor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Indiana Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1995-02-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Celotex Corp. v. Edwards et ux., 514 U.S. 300 (1995)</title>
              <partNumber>514 U.S. 300</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Supersedeas Bond</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Creditors</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Supersedeas Bond</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Creditors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-044-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>McIntyre, Executor of Estate of McIntyre, Deceased v. Ohio Elections Commission, 514 U.S. 334 (1995)</title>
              <partNumber>514 U.S. 334</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-514/USREPORTS-514-334</identifier>
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              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>Leaflets</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Political Advertising</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Anonymity</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
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                   <topic>Pamphleteering</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Leaflets</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Political Advertising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Anonymity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-045-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or nonindigent loiterer</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Ohio">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Ohio">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Ohio">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Ohio">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1994-10-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Stone v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 514 U.S. 386 (1995)</title>
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         <subject>
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                   <topic>Deportation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Visas and Passports</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Filing Period</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tolling Rule</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Deportation (Cf. Immigration and Naturalization)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-046-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</petitioner>
              <respondent>Immigration and Naturalization Service, or Director of, or District Director of, or Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Board of Immigration Appeals</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseOrigin>
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              <dateArgument>1994-11-28</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Immigration and Naturalization, Immigration, Nationality, or Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Kyles v. Whitley, Warden, 514 U.S. 419 (1995)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Brady V. Maryland</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discovery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Suppression</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Discovery and Inspection (In the Context of Criminal Litigation Only, Otherwise Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-047-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Louisiana">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Rubin, Secretary of the Treasury v. Coors Brewing Co., 514 U.S. 476 (1995)</title>
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              <topic>Federal Alcohol Administration Act</topic>
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              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Alcohol Content</topic>
              <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Beer</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Speech</topic>
              <topic>Strength Wars</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Twenty-First Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>Federal Alcohol Administration Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alcohol Content</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Beer</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Strength Wars</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Twenty-First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Commercial Speech, Excluding Attorneys</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-048-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of the Treasury</petitioner>
              <respondent>Brewery, distillery</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Colorado U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>Act of congress declared unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>California Department of Corrections et al. v. Morales, 514 U.S. 499 (1995)</title>
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              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Ex Post Facto Clause</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Probation and Parole</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1994</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>514 U.S. 499</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>514 U.S. 499 (1995)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ex Post Facto Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probation and Parole</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Ex Post Facto (State)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-049-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State department or agency</petitioner>
              <respondent>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="California">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>156</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1995-01-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 10 (state bill of attainder or ex post facto law)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Williams, 514 U.S. 527 (1995)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Refund</topic>
              <topic>Recovery</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Lien</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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                   <topic>Refund</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Recovery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lien</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-050-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1995-02-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Gun-Free School Zones Act</topic>
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              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Power</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Weapons</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
              <topic>Congressional Powers</topic>
              <topic>School Zone</topic>
              <topic>National Supremacy: Miscellaneous</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
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                   <topic>Gun-Free School Zones Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Power</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Congressional Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School Zone</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>National Supremacy: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-051-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Student, or applicant for admission to an educational institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>New York State Conference of Blue Cross &amp; (and) Blue Shield Plans et al. v. Travelers Insurance Co. et al., 514 U.S. 645 (1995)</title>
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              <topic>Health Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Surcharge</topic>
              <topic>Federal</topic>
              <topic>Health Maintenance Organization (H.M.O.)</topic>
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              <topic>State</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>Conflict</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Employee Income Security Act</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Health Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Surcharge</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflict</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Income Security Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-052-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</petitioner>
              <respondent>Insurance company, or surety</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1994-053-01</docketId>
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            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Bodies of Water</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1994-054-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Kansas">State</petitioner>
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              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hubbard v. United States, 514 U.S. 695 (1995)</title>
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              <topic>False Statements</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
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              <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>False Statements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: False Statements (Cf. Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Perjury)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1994-055-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Michigan Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>City of Edmonds v. Oxford House, Inc., et al., 514 U.S. 725 (1995)</title>
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                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Handicapped, Rights Of: Under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and Related Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1994-056-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Washington">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Handicapped individual, or organization of devoted to</respondent>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fair Housing</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Reynoldsville Casket Co. et al. v. Hyde, 514 U.S. 749 (1995)</title>
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                   <topic>Due Process: Jurisdiction (Jurisdiction over Non-Resident Litigants)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1994-057-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Out of state noncriminal defendant</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Ohio">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Ohio">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
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                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Purkett, Superintendent, Farmington Correctional Center v. Elem, 514 U.S. 765 (1995)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
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              <topic>Peremptory Challenges</topic>
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              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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