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              <fullCitation>504 U.S. 25 (1992)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dismissal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Findings of Fact</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Frivolous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Indigents: Costs or Filing Fees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-067-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-02-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Williams, 504 U.S. 36 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 36</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Exculpatory Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Substantial Exculpatory Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Dismissal</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Grand Jury</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Dismissal Without Prejudice</topic>
              <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Presentation, Admissibility, or Sufficiency of Evidence (Not Necessarily a Criminal Case)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1992-05-04</decisionDate>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Exculpatory Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Substantial Exculpatory Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dismissal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Presentation, Admissibility, or Sufficiency of Evidence (Not Necessarily a Criminal Case)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-068-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Oklahoma Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Foucha v. Louisiana, 504 U.S. 71 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 71</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Committed</topic>
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              <topic>Psychiatric Hospital</topic>
              <topic>Mental Health</topic>
              <topic>Dangerousness</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
              <topic>Detention</topic>
              <topic>Insanity</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Conditional Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Guilty by Reason of Insanity</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1991, May 4 through June 17, 1992;Foucha v. Louisiana, 504 U.S. 71 (1992);504 U.S. 71</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>71</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>9</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1992-05-18</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 71</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Committed</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Psychiatric Hospital</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Dangerousness</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Detention</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insanity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conditional Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Guilty by Reason of Insanity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-069-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person allegedly criminally insane or mentally incompetent to stand trial</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Louisiana">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Louisiana">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Louisiana">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1991-11-04</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Byron Raymond White</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Riggins v. Nevada, 504 U.S. 127 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 127</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
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              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Insanity</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Involuntary Medication</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>True Mental State</topic>
              <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Miscellaneous</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1992-05-18</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-070-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Nevada">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Nevada">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Nevada">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-01-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to trial by jury)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Wyatt v. Cole et al., 504 U.S. 158 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 158</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ad68</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Liability</topic>
              <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
              <topic>Limitation of Actions</topic>
              <topic>Replevin</topic>
              <topic>Qualified Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Private Defendants</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Limitation of Actions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Replevin</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Qualified Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Private Defendants</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-071-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Farmer, farm worker, or farm organization</petitioner>
              <respondent>Farmer, farm worker, or farm organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Mississippi Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-01-14</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Byron Raymond White</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Wade v. United States, 504 U.S. 181 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 181</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Sentence Reduction</topic>
              <topic>Drug Trafficking</topic>
              <topic>Pleadings</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Substantial-Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Reward Sentence</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Minimum Sentence</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Sentencing Guidelines</topic>
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                   <topic>Sentence Reduction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drug Trafficking</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pleadings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Substantial-Assistance</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Minimum Sentence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Sentencing Guidelines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-072-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>North Carolina Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-03-23</dateArgument>
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                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Coleman v. Thompson, Warden, et al., 504 U.S. 188 (1992)</title>
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                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Colorable Claim of Innocence</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-073-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
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              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
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              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
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                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Burson, Attorney General and Reporter for Tennessee v. Freeman, 504 U.S. 191 (1992)</title>
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              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
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              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Political Advertising</topic>
              <topic>Display or Distribution of Campaign Material</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Polling Place</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Association</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-074-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Tennessee">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Burke et al., 504 U.S. 229 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 229</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Torts</topic>
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              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
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              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Withheld Taxes</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 229</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Discriminatory Underpayments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Withheld Taxes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-075-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Tennessee Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Evans v. United States, 504 U.S. 255 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 255</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
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              <topic>Hobbs Act</topic>
              <topic>Extortion</topic>
              <topic>White-Collar Crime</topic>
              <topic>Real Estate</topic>
              <topic>Corruption, Governmental or Governmental Regulation of Other than as in Campaign Spending</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Corruption</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inducement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hobbs Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Extortion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>White-Collar Crime</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Real Estate</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Corruption, Governmental or Governmental Regulation of Other than as in Campaign Spending</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-076-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Georgia Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Byron Raymond White</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, by and through Its Tax Commissioner, Heitkamp, 504 U.S. 298 (1992)</title>
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              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Use Tax</topic>
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              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
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        </subject>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Use Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-077-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Retail business or outlet</petitioner>
              <respondent state="North Dakota">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="North Dakota">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="North Dakota">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt, Governor of Alabama, et al., 504 U.S. 334 (1992)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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              <topic>Fees</topic>
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              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Environment</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
              <topic>Differential Treatment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Origin of Waste</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-504-334</accessId>
              <reportNumber>334</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>18</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1992-06-01</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 334</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>504 U.S. 334 (1992)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Fees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hazardous Waste</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Differential Treatment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Origin of Waste</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-078-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Nuclear power plant or facility</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Alabama">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Alabama">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Alabama">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Other reason</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-04-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Byron Raymond White</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Fort Gratiot Sanitary Landfill, Inc. v. Michigan Department of Natural Resources et al., 504 U.S. 353 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 353</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-353</identifier>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Environment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Authorization</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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              <reportNumber>353</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1992-06-01</decisionDate>
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                   <topic>Hazardous Waste</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Authorization</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-079-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Business, corporation</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Michigan">State department or agency</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Michigan Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-03-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Byron Raymond White</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Morales, Attorney General of Texas v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., et al., 504 U.S. 374 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 374</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-374</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">504 U.S. 374 (1992)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">504 U.S. 374</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ad61</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Preemption</topic>
              <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Bills and Resolutions</topic>
              <topic>Airline Deregulation Act of 1978</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <reportNumber>374</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>20</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1992-06-01</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 374</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>504 U.S. 374 (1992)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Preemption</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bills and Resolutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Airline Deregulation Act of 1978</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-080-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Texas">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Airline</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-03-03</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Byron Raymond White</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Burdick v. Takushi, Director of Elections of Hawaii, et al., 504 U.S. 428 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 428</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-428</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">504 U.S. 428 (1992)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">504 U.S. 428</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ad60</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Write in Voting</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Association</topic>
              <topic>Burden on the Right to Vote</topic>
              <topic>Write-In</topic>
              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Expression</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Voting</topic>
              <topic>Ballot Access (Of Candidates and Political Parties)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1991, May 4 through June 17, 1992;Burdick v. Takushi, Director of Elections of Hawaii, et al., 504 U.S. 428 (1992);504 U.S. 428</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-504-428</accessId>
              <reportNumber>428</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>21</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1992-06-08</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 428</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>504 U.S. 428 (1992)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Write in Voting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Association</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Burden on the Right to Vote</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Write-In</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Expression</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Ballot Access (Of Candidates and Political Parties)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-081-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Hawaii">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Hawaii U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-03-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (association)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services, Inc., et al., 504 U.S. 451 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 451</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-451</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">504 U.S. 451</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
              <topic>Sale of Service to Sale of Parts</topic>
              <topic>Pleadings</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Monopoly</topic>
              <topic>Summary Judgment</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1991, May 4 through June 17, 1992;Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services, Inc., et al., 504 U.S. 451 (1992);504 U.S. 451</searchTitle>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1992-06-08</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 451</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sale of Service to Sale of Parts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pleadings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Monopoly</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Summary Judgment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-082-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Business, corporation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1991-12-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including Appellate Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court Judicial Code, and admiralty rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Thompson/Center Arms Co., 504 U.S. 505 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 505</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-505</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">504 U.S. 505</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ad65</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Short-Barreled Rifle</topic>
              <topic>Executive Agencies</topic>
              <topic>Definition of Made</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Firearms</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Tucker Act</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>National Security</topic>
              <topic>Conversion Kit</topic>
              <topic>National Firearms Act</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
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        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1992-06-08</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 505</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Short-Barreled Rifle</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Executive Agencies</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Tucker Act</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>National Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conversion Kit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Firearms Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-083-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
              <topic>Heinousness Factor</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Aggravating Factors</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Heinousness Factor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-084-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Florida">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harry A. Blackmun</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lujan, Secretary of the Interior v. Defenders of Wildlife et al., 504 U.S. 555 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 555</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Animal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Standing</topic>
              <topic>Endangered Species</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Pleadings</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Animals</topic>
              <topic>Summary Judgment</topic>
              <topic>Injury in Fact</topic>
              <topic>Standing to Sue: Direct Injury</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 555</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>504 U.S. 555 (1992)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Animal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Standing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Endangered Species</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pleadings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Animals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Summary Judgment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injury in Fact</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Direct Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-085-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of the Interior</petitioner>
              <respondent>Environmental organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of the Interior</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Minnesota U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1991-12-03</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Republic of Argentina et al. v. Weltover, Inc., et al., 504 U.S. 607 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 607</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>International Law</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Trade and International Finance</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Loans and Debt</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Exchange</topic>
              <topic>Bonds</topic>
              <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of (F.S.I.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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         <extension>
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              <reportNumber>607</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1992-06-12</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 607</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>504 U.S. 607 (1992)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>International Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Trade and International Finance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Loans and Debt</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Exchange</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bonds</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of (F.S.I.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-086-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Foreign nation or instrumentality</petitioner>
              <respondent>Foreign (non-American) nongovernmental entity</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-04-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Federal Trade Commission v. Ticor Title Insurance Co. et al., 504 U.S. 621 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 621</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">504 U.S. 621 (1992)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ad86</identifier>
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              <topic>Title Search</topic>
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              <topic>Executive Agencies</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Price Fixing</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Real Estate</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-504-621</accessId>
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              <decisionDate>1992-06-12</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Title Search</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Trade Commission Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Executive Agencies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Price Fixing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Real Estate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-087-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Federal Trade Commission</petitioner>
              <respondent>Insurance company, or surety</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Trade Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-01-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Byron Raymond White</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Burlington Northern Railroad Co. v. Ford et al., 504 U.S. 648 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 648</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-648</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
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              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Principal Place of Business</topic>
              <topic>Change of Venue</topic>
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        </subject>
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                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Principal Place of Business</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Change of Venue</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-088-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Railroad</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Montana">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Montana">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-04-20</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Alvarez-Machain, 504 U.S. 655 (1992)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">504 U.S. 655</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ad6f</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Mexico</topic>
              <topic>Drug Trafficking</topic>
              <topic>International Law</topic>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Extradition</topic>
              <topic>Kidnapping</topic>
              <topic>Drug Enforcement Administration (D.E.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Abduction</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Treaties and International Agreements</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Improper Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Miscellaneous</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1991, May 4 through June 17, 1992;United States v. Alvarez-Machain, 504 U.S. 655 (1992);504 U.S. 655</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-504-655</accessId>
              <reportNumber>655</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>29</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1992-06-15</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 655</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>504 U.S. 655 (1992)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Mexico</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drug Trafficking</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>International Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Extradition</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Kidnapping</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drug Enforcement Administration (D.E.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Abduction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Treaties and International Agreements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Improper Jurisdiction</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-089-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-04-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Treaty</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-655</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-504/pdf/USREPORTS-504-655.pdf</url>
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    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-504-689" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-689/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ankenbrandt, as Next Friend and Mother of L. R., et al. v. Richards et al., 504 U.S. 689 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 689</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-689</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">504 U.S. 689 (1992)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">504 U.S. 689</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ad6e</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Domestic Relations Exception</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Diversity Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Juveniles (Cf. Rights of Illegitimates)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1991, May 4 through June 17, 1992;Ankenbrandt, as Next Friend and Mother of L. R., et al. v. Richards et al., 504 U.S. 689 (1992);504 U.S. 689</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-504-689</accessId>
              <reportNumber>689</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>30</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1992-06-15</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 689</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>504 U.S. 689 (1992)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Domestic Relations Exception</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Diversity Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Juveniles (Cf. Rights of Illegitimates)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-090-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Mother</petitioner>
              <respondent>Father</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-03-31</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-689</url>
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    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-504-719" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-719/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Morgan v. Illinois, 504 U.S. 719 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 719</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-719</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">504 U.S. 719 (1992)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">504 U.S. 719</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ad8e</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
              <topic>Voir Dire</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Jurors and Death Penalty (Cf. Cruel and Unusual Punishment)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1991, May 4 through June 17, 1992;Morgan v. Illinois, 504 U.S. 719 (1992);504 U.S. 719</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-504-719</accessId>
              <reportNumber>719</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>31</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1992-06-15</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 719</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>504 U.S. 719 (1992)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voir Dire</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Jurors and Death Penalty (Cf. Cruel and Unusual Punishment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-091-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Illinois">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>State court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-01-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Byron Raymond White</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-719</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-504/pdf/USREPORTS-504-719.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-504-753" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-753/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Patterson, Trustee v. Shumate, 504 U.S. 753 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 753</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-753</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">504 U.S. 753 (1992)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">504 U.S. 753</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-504/pdf/USREPORTS-504-753.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ad8a</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Pension</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act of (E.R.I.S.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1991, May 4 through June 17, 1992;Patterson, Trustee v. Shumate, 504 U.S. 753 (1992);504 U.S. 753</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-504-753</accessId>
              <reportNumber>753</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>32</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1992-06-15</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 753</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>504 U.S. 753 (1992)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pension</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act of (E.R.I.S.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-092-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</petitioner>
              <respondent>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-04-20</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-753</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-504/pdf/USREPORTS-504-753.pdf</url>
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    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-504-768" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-768/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Allied-Signal, Inc., as Successor-in-Interest to Bendix Corp. v. Director, Division of Taxation, 504 U.S. 768 (1992)</title>
              <partNumber>504 U.S. 768</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-768</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">504 U.S. 768 (1992)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">504 U.S. 768</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-504/pdf/USREPORTS-504-768.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ac79</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Nondomicilliary Corporation</topic>
              <topic>Multistate Income</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Discrete Business Enterprise</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Unitary Business</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1991, May 4 through June 17, 1992;Allied-Signal, Inc., as Successor-in-Interest to Bendix Corp. v. Director, Division of Taxation, 504 U.S. 768 (1992);504 U.S. 768</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-504-768</accessId>
              <reportNumber>768</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>33</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1992-06-15</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1991</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>504 U.S. 768</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>504 U.S. 768 (1992)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Nondomicilliary Corporation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Multistate Income</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrete Business Enterprise</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unitary Business</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1991-093-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New Jersey">State or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Jersey">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New Jersey">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New Jersey">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1992-03-04</dateArgument>
              <dateRearg>1992-04-22</dateRearg>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Byron Raymond White</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-504-BackMatter" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-BackMatter/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Reporter&apos;s Note</title>
              <partName>Back Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-BackMatter</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-504/pdf/USREPORTS-504-BackMatter.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ad88</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1991, May 4 through June 17, 1992;Reporter&apos;s Note</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>BACKMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-504-BackMatter</accessId>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
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         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-BackMatter</url>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-504-BackMatter-2" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-BackMatter-2/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Orders</title>
              <partName>Back Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-BackMatter-2</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-504/pdf/USREPORTS-504-BackMatter-2.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ad6d</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1991, May 4 through June 17, 1992;Orders</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>BACKMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-504-BackMatter-2</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>35</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-BackMatter-2</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-504/pdf/USREPORTS-504-BackMatter-2.pdf</url>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-504-BackMatter-3" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-504/USREPORTS-504-BackMatter-3/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Index</title>
              <partName>Back Matter</partName>
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