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                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Post Conviction Relief</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Appointed Counsel</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Indigents: Appointment of Counsel (Cf. Right to Counsel)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-136-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Virginia">State</petitioner>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Granfinanciera, S. A.. v. Nordberg, 492 U.S. 33 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
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                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Chapter 11</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Jury Trial (Right To, as Distinct from Extra-Legal Jury Influences)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-137-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Creditor, including institution appearing as such, e.g., a finance company</petitioner>
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              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Hoffman, Trustee v. Connecticut Income Maint. Dept., 492 U.S. 96 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Discharge of Debts</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
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                   <topic>Chapter 7</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-138-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Connecticut">State department or agency</respondent>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Sable Communications of Cal., Inc. v. FCC, 492 U.S. 115 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
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              <topic>Communications Decency Act</topic>
              <topic>Dial-A-Porn</topic>
              <topic>Telephone Messages</topic>
              <topic>Federal Communications Commission (F.C.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Indecency and Obscenity</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Obscenity</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Obscenity, Federal</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1988-139-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Telephone, telecommunications, or telegraph company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Federal Communications Commission (including a predecessor, Federal Radio Commission)</respondent>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Department of Justice v. Tax Analysts, 492 U.S. 136 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>F.O.I.A. Requests</topic>
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              <topic>Freedom of Information</topic>
              <topic>Improperly Withheld</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Public Availability</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act (F.O.I.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Privacy</topic>
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                   <topic>Agency Records</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1988-140-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department of Justice or Attorney General</petitioner>
              <respondent>Publisher, publishing company</respondent>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Ohio Pub. Employees Retirement System v. Betts, 492 U.S. 158 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Subterfuge</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Age Discrimination in Employment Act of (A.D.E.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Age Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Subterfuge</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-141-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Ohio">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Ohio">Retired or former governmental employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Age Discrimination in Employment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Miranda Warnings</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1988-142-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Indiana">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>H. J. Inc. v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co., 492 U.S. 229 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Continued Criminal Activity</topic>
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              <topic>Organized Crime and Gangs</topic>
              <topic>Continuity Plus Relationship</topic>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bribery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prohibited Activities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corruption</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Continued Criminal Activity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Organized Crime and Gangs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Continuity Plus Relationship</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Financial (Other than in Fraud or Internal Revenue)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-143-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Consumer, consumer organization</petitioner>
              <respondent>Telephone, telecommunications, or telegraph company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Minnesota">State Agency</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Browning-Ferris Industries v. Kelco Disposal, 492 U.S. 257 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Punitive Damages</topic>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Excessive Fines</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-144-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Business, corporation</petitioner>
              <respondent>Business, corporation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Vermont U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (prohibition of excessive fines)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Penry v. Lynaugh, 492 U.S. 302 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
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              <topic>Eighth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Mental Retardation</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
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                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonretroactivity</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1988-145-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Juvenile Crime</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-146-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Kentucky">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Kentucky">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Wyoming v. United States et al., 492 U.S. 406 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Federal Indian and Tribal Law</topic>
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              <topic>Zoning Authority</topic>
              <topic>Open Area of Treaty</topic>
              <topic>Yakima Indian Nation</topic>
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              <docketId>1988-147-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Wyoming">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
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              <caseSource state="Wyoming">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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                   <majority>4</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Brendale v. Confederated Yakima Indian Nation, 492 U.S. 408 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Historic Sites and Heritage Areas</topic>
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              <topic>Sovereignty</topic>
              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Free Lands</topic>
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              <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
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                   <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-148-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Washington">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Washington Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1989-01-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Board of Trustees, State Univ. of N.Y. v. Fox, 492 U.S. 469 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>492 U.S. 469</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">492 U.S. 469 (1989)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Higher Education</topic>
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              <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
              <topic>Least Restrictive Means</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Speech</topic>
              <topic>Product Demonstrations</topic>
              <topic>Overbreadth</topic>
              <topic>Government Property</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Speech, Excluding Attorneys</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>469</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1989-06-29</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>492 U.S. 469</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Higher Education</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Commercial Speech, Excluding Attorneys</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-149-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State college or university</petitioner>
              <respondent>Student, or applicant for admission to an educational institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1989-02-22</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 492 U.S. 490 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>492 U.S. 490</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-492/USREPORTS-492-490</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4db4218</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
              <topic>Nontherapeutic Abortions</topic>
              <topic>Unborn Children</topic>
              <topic>Health Care Funding</topic>
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              <topic>Statutory Ban</topic>
              <topic>Abortion Counseling</topic>
              <topic>Viability Testing</topic>
              <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Abortion</topic>
              <topic>Mootness</topic>
              <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
              <topic>Privacy</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>492 U.S. 490</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-150-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Missouri">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Allegheny County v. Greater Pittsburgh ACLU, 492 U.S. 573 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Establishment of Religion (Other than as Pertains to Parochiaid:)</topic>
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                   <topic>Government Property</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Establishment of Religion (Other than as Pertains to Parochiaid:)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-151-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Pennsylvania">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</petitioner>
              <respondent>Public interest organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (establishment of religion)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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