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                   <topic>Establishment of Religion (Other than as Pertains to Parochiaid:)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-029-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Publisher, publishing company</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Texas">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Texas">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-11-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (establishment of religion)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Fort Wayne Books, Inc. v. Indiana, 489 U.S. 46 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 46</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-46</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Obscenity</topic>
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              <topic>Adult Material</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Films</topic>
              <topic>Predicate</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Books and Movies</topic>
              <topic>Adult</topic>
              <topic>Anti Obscenity</topic>
              <topic>Vague</topic>
              <topic>Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (R.I.C.O.)</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Self-Censorship</topic>
              <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Obscenity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Adult Material</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Films</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Predicate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Books and Movies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Adult</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Anti Obscenity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Vague</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (R.I.C.O.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Self-Censorship</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-030-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bookstore, newsstand, printer, bindery, purveyor or distributor of books or magazines</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Indiana">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Indiana">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Indiana">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-10-03</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Blanchard v. Bergeron, 489 U.S. 87 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 87</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-87</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Contingent Fee Agreeements</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Attorney&apos;s Fees Awards Act of 1976</topic>
              <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
              <topic>Attorneys</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1988, February 21 through March 29, 1989, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Blanchard v. Bergeron, 489 U.S. 87 (1989);489 U.S. 87</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-489-87</accessId>
              <reportNumber>87</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>10</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1989-02-21</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>489 U.S. 87</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>489 U.S. 87 (1989)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contingent Fee Agreeements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Attorney&apos;s Fees Awards Act of 1976</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorneys</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-031-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Louisiana">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-11-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Attorney&apos;s Fees Awards</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Firesone Tire and Rubber Co. v. Bruch, 489 U.S. 101 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 101</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-101</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">489 U.S. 101 (1989)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">489 U.S. 101</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Denial</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Participants</topic>
              <topic>Eligibility</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Review Standard</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act of (E.R.I.S.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Do Novo</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Cf. Union Trust Funds)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1988, February 21 through March 29, 1989, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Firesone Tire and Rubber Co. v. Bruch, 489 U.S. 101 (1989);489 U.S. 101</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>101</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>11</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1989-02-21</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>489 U.S. 101</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>489 U.S. 101 (1989)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Denial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Participants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Eligibility</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Review Standard</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act of (E.R.I.S.A.)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Cf. Union Trust Funds)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-032-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-11-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Employee Retirement Income Security, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Mesa v. California, 489 U.S. 121 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 121</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-121</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4db5a74</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Postal Service</topic>
              <topic>Federal Officer Removal</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Federal Defense</topic>
              <topic>Comity: Criminal Procedure</topic>
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        </subject>
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              <fullCitation>489 U.S. 121 (1989)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Postal Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Officer Removal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Defense</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Comity: Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-033-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc., 489 U.S. 141 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 141</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-141</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">489 U.S. 141</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4db5a0c</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
              <topic>Free Competition</topic>
              <topic>Supremacy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Unpatented</topic>
              <topic>Patents</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>141</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1989-02-21</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>489 U.S. 141</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>489 U.S. 141 (1989)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Free Competition</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Supremacy Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unpatented</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patents</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-034-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Water transportation, stevedore</petitioner>
              <respondent>Water transportation, stevedore</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Florida">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Conflict between federal court and state court</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-12-05</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article VI, Section 2 (supremacy clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Notice of Appeal</topic>
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                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rule 59(E)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1988-035-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Stockholder, shareholder, or bondholder</petitioner>
              <respondent>Professional organization, business, or person</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Georgia Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including Appellate Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court Judicial Code, and admiralty rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>In Re McDonald, 489 U.S. 180 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>In Forma Pauperis</topic>
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Extraordinary Writs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>In Forma Pauperis</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Indigents: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-036-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Indigent defendant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="United States">State or U.S. Supreme Court</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Docketing fee</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Supreme Court Rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
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              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>DeShaney v. Winnebago County Dept. of Social Services, 489 U.S. 189 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Child Abuse</topic>
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              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Affirmative Obligation</topic>
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              <topic>Juveniles (Cf. Rights of Illegitimates)</topic>
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                   <topic>Crimes Against Children</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Entitlement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Juveniles (Cf. Rights of Illegitimates)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1988-037-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Juvenile</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Wisconsin">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Wisconsin">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Wisconsin Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Eu v. San Francisco County Democratic Cent. Committee, 489 U.S. 214 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Party Unity</topic>
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              <topic>Endorsement</topic>
              <topic>Political Advertising</topic>
              <topic>Compelling State Interesting</topic>
              <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
              <topic>Primary</topic>
              <topic>Election Law</topic>
              <topic>Rotation</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Ban</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
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                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1988-038-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>156</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>U.S. v. Ron Pair Enterprises, 489 U.S. 235 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Post Petition Interest</topic>
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              <topic>Nonconsensual over Secured Prepetition</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
              <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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                   <topic>Post Petition Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonconsensual over Secured Prepetition</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-039-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Michigan Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-10-31</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Ineffective Assistance of Counsel</topic>
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Plain Statement Rule</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
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            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1988-042-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Pennsylvania">State</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1988-043-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <title>City of Canton, Ohio v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Deliberate Indifference</topic>
              <topic>Training</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
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              <docketId>1988-044-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Ohio">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1988-045-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Florida">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
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              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-426</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">489 U.S. 426 (1989)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Railroads</topic>
              <topic>Strikes</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Railway Labor Act</topic>
              <topic>Seniority</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Employee Discharge</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
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         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1988, February 21 through March 29, 1989, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Independent Federation of Flight Attendants, 489 U.S. 426 (1989);489 U.S. 426</searchTitle>
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              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
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              <fullCitation>489 U.S. 426 (1989)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Strikes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railway Labor Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Seniority</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Employee Discharge</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-046-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Union, labor organization, or official of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-11-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Railway Labor</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Volt Information Sciences, Inc. v. Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University, 489 U.S. 468 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 468</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-468</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">489 U.S. 468 (1989)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">489 U.S. 468</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
              <topic>Breach of Contract</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Federal Arbitration Act</topic>
              <topic>Alternative Dispute Resolution (A.D.R.)</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1988, February 21 through March 29, 1989, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Volt Information Sciences, Inc. v. Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University, 489 U.S. 468 (1989);489 U.S. 468</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-489-468</accessId>
              <reportNumber>468</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>26</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1989-03-06</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>489 U.S. 468</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>489 U.S. 468 (1989)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Breach of Contract</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Arbitration Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alternative Dispute Resolution (A.D.R.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-047-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Construction industry</petitioner>
              <respondent>Private school, college, or university</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-11-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Northwest Central Pipeline Corp. v. State Corp. Com&apos;n of Kansas, 489 U.S. 493 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 493</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-493</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">489 U.S. 493 (1989)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">489 U.S. 493</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4db5a09</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Energy</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Entitlement</topic>
              <topic>Supremacy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Interstate</topic>
              <topic>Pipelines</topic>
              <topic>State Regulation</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>State Law</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (F.E.R.C.)</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1988, February 21 through March 29, 1989, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Northwest Central Pipeline Corp. v. State Corp. Com&apos;n of Kansas, 489 U.S. 493 (1989);489 U.S. 493</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>493</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1989-03-06</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>489 U.S. 493</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>489 U.S. 493 (1989)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Energy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Entitlement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Supremacy Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pipelines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Regulation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (F.E.R.C.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-048-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Pipe line company</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Kansas">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Kansas">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Kansas">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Kansas">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-11-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article VI, Section 2 (supremacy clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Karahalios v. National Federation of Federal Employees, Local 1263, 489 U.S. 527 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 527</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-527</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">489 U.S. 527 (1989)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">489 U.S. 527</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4db5a08</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Private Cause of Action</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Civil Service Reform Act of 1978</topic>
              <topic>Union</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Title VII</topic>
              <topic>Federal Employees</topic>
              <topic>Federal Labor Relations Authority (F.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Duty of Fair Representation</topic>
              <topic>Standing to Sue: Private or Implied Cause of Action</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1988, February 21 through March 29, 1989, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Karahalios v. National Federation of Federal Employees, Local 1263, 489 U.S. 527 (1989);489 U.S. 527</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-489-527</accessId>
              <reportNumber>527</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>28</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1989-03-06</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>489 U.S. 527</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>489 U.S. 527 (1989)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Private Cause of Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Service Reform Act of 1978</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Union</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Title VII</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Employees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Labor Relations Authority (F.L.R.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Duty of Fair Representation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Private or Implied Cause of Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-049-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent>Union, labor organization, or official of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Labor Relations Authority</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1989-01-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Blanton v. City of North Las Vegas, Nev., 489 U.S. 538 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 538</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-538</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">489 U.S. 538 (1989)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">489 U.S. 538</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4db5a71</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Prison</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Drunken Driving</topic>
              <topic>Diving Under the Influence, (D.U.I.)</topic>
              <topic>Right to Jury Trial</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Jury Trial (Right To, as Distinct from Extra-Legal Jury Influences)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1989-03-06</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>489 U.S. 538</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>489 U.S. 538 (1989)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prison</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drunken Driving</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Diving Under the Influence, (D.U.I.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Jury Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Trial (Right To, as Distinct from Extra-Legal Jury Influences)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-050-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Nevada">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Nevada">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Nevada">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1989-01-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to trial by jury)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Barnard v. Thorstenn, 489 U.S. 546 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 546</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-546</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4db5a7f</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Virgin Islands (U.S. Territory)</topic>
              <topic>State Bar Examination</topic>
              <topic>Caribbean</topic>
              <topic>Residency Requirement</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Admission</topic>
              <topic>Privileges and Immunities Clause</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Nonresidents</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Residency Requirements: Durational, Plus Discrimination Against Nonresidents</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>489 U.S. 546</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>489 U.S. 546 (1989)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Virgin Islands (U.S. Territory)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Bar Examination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Caribbean</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Residency Requirement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Admission</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privileges and Immunities Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonresidents</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Residency Requirements: Durational, Plus Discrimination Against Nonresidents</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-051-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Virgin Islands">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent>Attorney, or person acting as such, includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association</respondent>
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              <adminAction state="Virgin Islands">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Virgin Islands U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1989-01-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article IV, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (privileges and immunities clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Colt Independence Joint Venture v. Federal Sav. and Loan Ins. Corp., 489 U.S. 561 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Reasonable Time Limit</topic>
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              <topic>Insolvent</topic>
              <topic>Administrative</topic>
              <topic>Creditors</topic>
              <topic>Comity Primarily Removal Cases, Civil Procedure (Cf. Comity, Criminal and First Amendment), Deference to Foreign Judicial Tribunals</topic>
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                   <topic>Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1988-052-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Creditor, including institution appearing as such, e.g., a finance company</petitioner>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Brower v. County of Inyo, 489 U.S. 593 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Roadblocks</topic>
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              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Arrest</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-053-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives&apos; Ass&apos;n, 489 U.S. 602 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Labor</topic>
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              <topic>Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Blood</topic>
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              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Right of Privacy</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Reasonable</topic>
              <topic>Federal Railroad Administration</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Drug and Alcohol Testing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonable Suspicion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Urine</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-054-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Transportation</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Federal Railroad Administration</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>National Treasury Employees Union v. Raab, 489 U.S. 656 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Weapons</topic>
              <topic>United States Customs Service</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Right of Privacy</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Reasonable</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Classified</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1988-055-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Customs Service or Commissioner of Customs</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Customs Service or Commissioner or Collector of Customs</adminAction>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris, 489 U.S. 688 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Deviation</topic>
              <topic>One Person, One Vote</topic>
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              <topic>Reapportionment</topic>
              <topic>New York City Board of Estimate</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
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                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Municipal Corporations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Deviation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>One Person, One Vote</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Non Legislative</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York City Board of Estimate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-056-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-12-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Municipal or other local ordinance unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Schmuck v. U.S., 489 U.S. 705 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 705</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-705</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4db5a07</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Mail Fraud</topic>
              <topic>Mailing Element</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Postal Service</topic>
              <topic>Incidental</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Element</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Fraud</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <usCitation>489 U.S. 705</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Mail Fraud</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mailing Element</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Postal Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Incidental</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Fraud</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-057-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Wisconsin Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-11-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Commissioner v. Clark, 489 U.S. 726 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 726</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-726</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4db5a69</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Corporations</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Income</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Stock-For-Stock</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Reorganization</topic>
              <topic>Taxpayers</topic>
              <topic>Capital Gains</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1988, February 21 through March 29, 1989, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Commissioner v. Clark, 489 U.S. 726 (1989);489 U.S. 726</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-489-726</accessId>
              <reportNumber>726</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>37</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1989-03-22</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>489 U.S. 726</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>489 U.S. 726 (1989)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Corporations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Income</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Income Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Stock-For-Stock</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reorganization</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxpayers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Gains</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-058-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Tax Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1988-11-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>U.S. Dept. of Justice v. Reporters Committee For Freedom of Press, 489 U.S. 749 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 749</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-489/USREPORTS-489-749</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">489 U.S. 749 (1989)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Freedom of the Press</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I.)</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information</topic>
              <topic>Rap Sheet</topic>
              <topic>Invasion</topic>
              <topic>Third Party</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Identification Records</topic>
              <topic>Exemption</topic>
              <topic>Right of Privacy</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act (F.O.I.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Privacy</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1989-03-22</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>489 U.S. 749</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Freedom of the Press</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Information</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rap Sheet</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Invasion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Third Party</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Identification Records</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Exemption</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right of Privacy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Information Act (F.O.I.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-059-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department of Justice or Attorney General</petitioner>
              <respondent>Journalist, columnist, member of the news media</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Bureau of Investigation or Director</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Freedom of Information, Sunshine, or Privacy Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Texas State Teachers Ass&apos;n v. Garland Independent School Dist., 489 U.S. 782 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 782</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4db5a6b</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Union</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Central Issue Test</topic>
              <topic>Teachers&apos; Union</topic>
              <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
              <topic>Prevailing Party</topic>
              <topic>Relief</topic>
              <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
              <topic>Attorneys</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1989-03-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1988</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Union</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Central Issue Test</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Teachers&apos; Union</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Relief</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorneys</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-060-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Texas">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">Local school district or board of education</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Attorney&apos;s Fees Awards</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Midland Asphalt Corp. v. U.S., 489 U.S. 794 (1989)</title>
              <partNumber>489 U.S. 794</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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              <topic>Collateral Order Doctrine</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Appeals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Collateral Order Doctrine</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Review of Non-Final Order</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-061-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1989-01-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Taxation</topic>
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-062-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="United States">Retired or former governmental employee</petitioner>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <docketId>1988-063-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Unemployed person or unemployment compensation applicant or claimant</petitioner>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Zant v. Moore, 489 U.S. 836 (1989)</title>
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              <docketId>1988-064-01</docketId>
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              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Georgia Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Oklahoma Tax Com&apos;n v. Graham, 489 U.S. 838 (1989)</title>
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              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Excise Taxes</topic>
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                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1988-065-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Oklahoma">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Orders from February 21 through March 27, 1989</title>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Brotherhood of R.R. Signalmen v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transp. Authority, 489 U.S. 1301 (1989)</title>
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              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-489/pdf/USREPORTS-489-BackMatter.pdf</url>
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