<mods xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" version="3.3" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-3.xsd" ID="P0b002ee1d4c26e17">
    <name type="corporate">
         <namePart>United States Government Publishing Office</namePart>
         <role>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">publisher</roleTerm>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">pbl</roleTerm>
        </role>
         <role>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">distributor</roleTerm>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">dst</roleTerm>
        </role>
    </name>
    <name type="corporate">
         <namePart>United States</namePart>
         <namePart>United States Supreme Court</namePart>
         <role>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">aut</roleTerm>
        </role>
         <description>Government Organization</description>
    </name>
    <typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
    <genre authority="marcgt">government publication</genre>
    <language>
         <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
    </language>
    <extension>
         <collectionCode>USREPORTS</collectionCode>
         <category>Judicial Publications</category>
         <branch>judicial</branch>
         <dateIngested>2025-07-08</dateIngested>
    </extension>
    <titleInfo>
         <title>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986</title>
    </titleInfo>
    <classification authority="sudocs">JU 6.8:477</classification>
    <name type="corporate">
         <namePart>United States</namePart>
         <namePart>Supreme Court</namePart>
         <role>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">aut</roleTerm>
        </role>
    </name>
    <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477</identifier>
    <location>
         <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477</url>
         <url displayLabel="PDF rendition" access="raw object">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477.pdf</url>
         <url displayLabel="Text rendition" access="raw object">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/text/USREPORTS-477.txt</url>
    </location>
    <extension>
         <searchtitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986</searchtitle>
         <docClass>USREPORTS</docClass>
         <accessId>USREPORTS-477</accessId>
         <volume>477</volume>
         <dateIssued notSpecified="day-month">1989</dateIssued>
         <reporter name="Henry C. Lind"></reporter>
         <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
    </extension>
                            
    <titleInfo>
                                    
         <title>United States reports, 477</title>
                                    
         <subTitle>cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at</subTitle>
                                
    </titleInfo>
                            
    <titleInfo type="alternative">
                                    
         <title>Cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at</title>
                                
    </titleInfo>
                            
    <titleInfo displayLabel="Also known as:" type="alternative">
                                    
         <title>U.S. reports</title>
                                
    </titleInfo>
                            
    <titleInfo type="uniform">
                                    
         <title>United States reports (Washington, D.C.)</title>
                                
    </titleInfo>
                            
    <name type="corporate">
                                    
         <namePart>United States</namePart>
                                    
         <namePart>Supreme Court.</namePart>
                                    
         <role>
                                            
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
                                        
        </role>
                                
    </name>
                            
    <typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
                            
    <genre authority="marcgt">law report or digest</genre>
                            
    <genre authority="fast">Digests.</genre>
                            
    <genre authority="fast">Periodicals.</genre>
                            
    <originInfo>
                                    
         <place>
                                            
              <placeTerm authority="marccountry" type="code">dcu</placeTerm>
                                        
        </place>
                                    
         <place>
                                            
              <placeTerm type="text">Washington, D.C.]</placeTerm>
                                        
        </place>
                                    
         <publisher>U.S. Supreme Court</publisher>
                                    
         <dateIssued>1989</dateIssued>
                                    
         <dateCreated encoding="marc" point="start">1883</dateCreated>
                                    
         <dateCreated encoding="marc" point="end">9999</dateCreated>
                                    
         <issuance>continuing</issuance>
                                    
         <frequency>Irregular</frequency>
                                
    </originInfo>
                            
    <language>
                                    
         <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
                                
    </language>
                            
    <physicalDescription>
                                    
         <extent>1 online resource (volumes)</extent>
                                
    </physicalDescription>
                            
    <note type="date/sequential designation">Print began with: [Vol. 108] (Oct. term 1882 ... Oct. term 1883).</note>
                            
    <subject>
                                    
         <geographicCode authority="marcgac">n-us---</geographicCode>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="lcsh">
                                    
         <name type="corporate">
                                            
              <namePart>United States.</namePart>
                                            
              <namePart>Supreme Court</namePart>
                                        
        </name>
                                    
         <genre>Periodicals</genre>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="lcsh">
                                    
         <topic>Law reports, digests, etc</topic>
                                    
         <geographic>United States</geographic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="lcsh">
                                    
         <topic>Constitutional law</topic>
                                    
         <geographic>United States</geographic>
                                    
         <genre>Digests</genre>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="lcsh">
                                    
         <topic>Judicial opinions</topic>
                                    
         <geographic>United States</geographic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="fast">
                                    
         <name type="corporate">
                                            
              <namePart>United States.</namePart>
                                            
              <namePart>Supreme Court.</namePart>
                                        
        </name>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="fast">
                                    
         <topic>Constitutional law</topic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="fast">
                                    
         <topic>Judicial opinions</topic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="fast">
                                    
         <topic>Law reports, digests, etc</topic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="fast">
                                    
         <geographic>United States</geographic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <classification authority="lcc">ISSN RECORD</classification>
                            
    <classification authority="ddc" edition="14">348</classification>
                            
    <classification authority="sudocs">JU 6.8:477</classification>
                            
    <relatedItem displayLabel="Print version:" type="otherFormat">
                                    
         <titleInfo>
                                            
              <title>United States reports</title>
                                        
        </titleInfo>
                                    
         <name>
                                            
              <namePart>United States. Supreme Court.</namePart>
                                        
        </name>
                                    
         <identifier type="issn">0891-6845</identifier>
                                    
         <identifier type="local">(DLC) 01026074</identifier>
                                    
         <identifier type="local">(OCoLC)4384322</identifier>
                                
    </relatedItem>
                            
    <relatedItem displayLabel="Microfiche version:" type="otherFormat">
                                    
         <titleInfo>
                                            
              <title>United States reports</title>
                                        
        </titleInfo>
                                    
         <name>
                                            
              <namePart>United States. Supreme Court.</namePart>
                                        
        </name>
                                    
         <identifier type="local">(OCoLC)26859335</identifier>
                                
    </relatedItem>
                            
    <identifier type="sudoc-item-number">0741-A (online)</identifier>
                            
    <identifier type="issn">2150-2331</identifier>
                            
    <identifier type="lccn">2009231052</identifier>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="Vol. 502, 1991 term-" usage="primary display">https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/LPS30185</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="Vol. 502, 1991 term-">http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/boundvolumes.aspx</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="Vol. 502, 1991 term-vol. 552, 2007 term (UNT Digital Library)">https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo54225</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="Vol. 502, 1991 term-vol. 552, 2007 term (UNT Digital Library)">https://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/collections/USREP/browse/</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="[Vol.] 108, Oct. term 1882-vol. 542, 2003 term (Library of Congress Digital Collections by agreement with the William S. Hein &amp; Co., Inc.)">https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo94050</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="[Vol.] 108, Oct. term 1882-vol. 542, 2003 term (Library of Congress Digital Collections by agreement with the William S. Hein &amp; Co., Inc.)">https://www.loc.gov/collections/united-states-reports/</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="(online)">https://catalog.gpo.gov/fdlpdir/locate.jsp?ItemNumber=0741-A&amp;SYS=000641007</url>
                                
    </location>
                        
    <originInfo>
         <publisher>U.S. Government Printing Office</publisher>
         <dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1989-01-01</dateIssued>
         <issuance>continuing</issuance>
         <frequency authority="marcfrequency">Completely irregular</frequency>
    </originInfo>
    <physicalDescription>
         <note type="source content type">converted</note>
         <digitalOrigin>reformatted digital</digitalOrigin>
         <extent>712 digital object pages</extent>
    </physicalDescription>
    <classification authority="sudocs">JU 6.8:477</classification>
    <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477</identifier>
    <identifier type="local">P0b002ee1d4c26e17</identifier>
    <identifier type="ILS system id">000641007</identifier>
    <recordInfo>
         <recordContentSource authority="marcorg">DGPO</recordContentSource>
         <recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2025-07-08</recordCreationDate>
         <recordChangeDate encoding="w3cdtf">2025-07-08</recordChangeDate>
         <recordIdentifier source="DGPO">USREPORTS-477</recordIdentifier>
         <recordOrigin>machine generated</recordOrigin>
         <languageOfCataloging>
              <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
        </languageOfCataloging>
    </recordInfo>
    <accessCondition type="GPO scope determination">fdlp</accessCondition>
    <extension>
         <docClass>USREPORTS</docClass>
         <accessId>USREPORTS-477</accessId>
         <volume>477</volume>
         <dateIssued notSpecified="day-month">1989</dateIssued>
         <reporter name="Henry C. Lind"></reporter>
         <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
    </extension>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-6" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-6/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Title Page</title>
              <partName>Front Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-6</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-6.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da844e</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Title Page</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>FRONTMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-6</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>1</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-6</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-6.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Errata</title>
              <partName>Front Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da83d4</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Errata</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>FRONTMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>2</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-2" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-2/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Justices of the Supreme Court</title>
              <partName>Front Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-2</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-2.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da844f</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Justices of the Supreme Court</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>FRONTMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-2</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>3</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-2</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-2.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-3" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-3/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Supreme Court of the United States</title>
              <partName>Front Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-3</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-3.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8451</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Supreme Court of the United States</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>FRONTMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-3</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>4</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-3</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-3.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-4" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-4/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Table of Cases Reported</title>
              <partName>Front Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-4</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-4.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8420</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Table of Cases Reported</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>FRONTMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-4</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>5</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-4</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-4.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-5" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-5/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Table of Cases Cited</title>
              <partName>Front Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-5</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-5.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da841e</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Table of Cases Cited</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>FRONTMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-5</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>6</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-5</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-FrontMatter-5.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-1" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-1/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Wardair Canada v. Florida Dept. of Revenue, 477 U.S. 1 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 1</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-1</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 1 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 1</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-1.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da844a</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Preemption</topic>
              <topic>Dormant Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Air Travel</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Commerce</topic>
              <topic>State Regulation</topic>
              <topic>Fuel Tax</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Wardair Canada v. Florida Dept. of Revenue, 477 U.S. 1 (1986);477 U.S. 1</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-1</accessId>
              <reportNumber>1</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>7</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-18</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 1</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 1 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Preemption</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dormant Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Air Travel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Regulation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fuel Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-115-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Airline</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State department or agency</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Florida">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-31</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-1</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-1.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-21" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-21/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Schiavone v. Fortune, 477 U.S. 21 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 21</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-21</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 21 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 21</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-21.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8422</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Notice</topic>
              <topic>Identity-of-Interest</topic>
              <topic>Service of Process</topic>
              <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
              <topic>Magazines</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Libel</topic>
              <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Schiavone v. Fortune, 477 U.S. 21 (1986);477 U.S. 21</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-21</accessId>
              <reportNumber>21</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>8</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-18</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 21</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 21 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Notice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Identity-of-Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Service of Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Magazines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Libel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-116-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Injured person or legal entity, nonphysically and non-employment related</petitioner>
              <respondent>Publisher, publishing company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Putative conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-02-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including Appellate Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court Judicial Code, and admiralty rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-21</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-21.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-41" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-41/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Bowen v. Agencies Opposed to Soc. Sec. Entrap., 477 U.S. 41 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 41</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-41</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 41 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 41</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-41.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8459</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Just Compensation Clause</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Workforce</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Power</topic>
              <topic>Social Security</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Termination</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Bowen v. Agencies Opposed to Soc. Sec. Entrap., 477 U.S. 41 (1986);477 U.S. 41</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-41</accessId>
              <reportNumber>41</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>9</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 41</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 41 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Just Compensation Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Workforce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sovereign Power</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Termination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-117-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-04-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Social Security, as amended, including Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-41</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-41.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-57" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-57/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 57</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-57</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 57 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 57</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-57.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da844b</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Sexual Harassment</topic>
              <topic>Employer Liability</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
              <topic>Banks and Financial Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Employment and Training Programs</topic>
              <topic>Supervisors</topic>
              <topic>Working Environment</topic>
              <topic>Hostile Environment</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Sex Discrimination in Employment (Cf. Sex Discrimination)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57 (1986);477 U.S. 57</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-57</accessId>
              <reportNumber>57</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>10</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 57</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 57 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sexual Harassment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employer Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Witnesses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Banks and Financial Institutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employment and Training Programs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Supervisors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Working Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hostile Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Testimony</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Discrimination in Employment (Cf. Sex Discrimination)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-118-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Female employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-57</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-57.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-79" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-79/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>McMillan v. Pennsylvania, 477 U.S. 79 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 79</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-79</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 79 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 79</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-79.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da844c</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Reasonable Doubt</topic>
              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
              <topic>Judges</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Weapons</topic>
              <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
              <topic>Burden of Proof</topic>
              <topic>Enumerated Felonies</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Assault and Battery</topic>
              <topic>Preponderance Standard</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Mandatory Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;McMillan v. Pennsylvania, 477 U.S. 79 (1986);477 U.S. 79</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-79</accessId>
              <reportNumber>79</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>11</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 79</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 79 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonable Doubt</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Witnesses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judges</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Burden of Proof</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Enumerated Felonies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Assault and Battery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Preponderance Standard</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Robbery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mandatory Sentencing</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-119-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Pennsylvania">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Pennsylvania">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Pennsylvania">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-04</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-79</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-79.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-105" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-105/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. American Bar Endowment, 477 U.S. 105 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 105</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-105</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 105 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 105</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-105.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8411</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Corporate Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Tax Avoidance</topic>
              <topic>Charitable Deductions</topic>
              <topic>Income Tax Exclusion</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Trade or Business</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Legal Research</topic>
              <topic>Dividends</topic>
              <topic>Income Tax Rates</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Tax-Exempt Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Premium Payments</topic>
              <topic>Insurance Costs</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Group Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;United States v. American Bar Endowment, 477 U.S. 105 (1986);477 U.S. 105</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-105</accessId>
              <reportNumber>105</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>12</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 105</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 105 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Corporate Income Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Avoidance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Charitable Deductions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Income Tax Exclusion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trade or Business</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Research</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dividends</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Income Tax Rates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax-Exempt Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Premium Payments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance Costs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Group Insurance</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-120-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Eleemosynary institution or person</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-04-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-105</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-105.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-131" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-131/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Maine v. Taylor, 477 U.S. 131 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 131</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-131</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 131 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 131</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-131.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8424</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Baitfish</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Minnow</topic>
              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Animal Diseases</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Wildlife Legislation</topic>
              <topic>Standing</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Hunting and Fishing</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Inspection</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Maine v. Taylor, 477 U.S. 131 (1986);477 U.S. 131</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-131</accessId>
              <reportNumber>131</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>13</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-24</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 131</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 131 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Baitfish</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minnow</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Animal Diseases</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wildlife Legislation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Standing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hunting and Fishing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inspection</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-121-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Maine">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Fisherman or fishing company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Maine U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-131</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-131.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-154" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-154/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Atkins v. Rivera, 477 U.S. 154 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 154</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-154</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 154 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 154</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-154.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8426</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Reasonableness</topic>
              <topic>Medical Expenses</topic>
              <topic>Medical Assistance Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Health Care Funding</topic>
              <topic>Methodology</topic>
              <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Income</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Eligibility</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Medicaid</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Basic Needs</topic>
              <topic>Social Security</topic>
              <topic>Medically Needy</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Atkins v. Rivera, 477 U.S. 154 (1986);477 U.S. 154</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-154</accessId>
              <reportNumber>154</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>14</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 154</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 154 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonableness</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Medical Expenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Medical Assistance Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Care Funding</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Methodology</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Income</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Eligibility</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Medicaid</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Basic Needs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Medically Needy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-122-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Massachusetts">State department or agency</petitioner>
              <respondent>Medical or Medicaid claimant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Massachusetts">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Massachusetts">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Massachusetts">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Conflict between federal court and state court</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-04-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Medicaid provisions of the Social Security Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-154</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-154.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-168" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-168/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Darden v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 168 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 168</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-168</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 168 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 168</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-168.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8457</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Effective Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Motor Vehicles</topic>
              <topic>Reasonableness</topic>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Weapons</topic>
              <topic>Fair Trial</topic>
              <topic>Legal Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Car Accident</topic>
              <topic>Oral Argument</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Assault and Battery</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Jurors and Death Penalty (Cf. Cruel and Unusual Punishment)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Darden v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 168 (1986);477 U.S. 168</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-168</accessId>
              <reportNumber>168</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>15</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 168</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 168 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Effective Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonableness</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Car Accident</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Oral Argument</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Assault and Battery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Robbery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Testimony</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Jurors and Death Penalty (Cf. Cruel and Unusual Punishment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-123-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-01-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-168</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-168.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-207" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-207/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Offshore Logistics, Inc. v. Tallentire, 477 U.S. 207 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 207</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-207</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 207 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 207</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-207.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8418</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>High Seas</topic>
              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Beneficiaries</topic>
              <topic>Helicopters</topic>
              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Territories and Protectorates</topic>
              <topic>Injury</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Admiralty Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Transportation Safety and Security</topic>
              <topic>Navigation</topic>
              <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Offshore Logistics, Inc. v. Tallentire, 477 U.S. 207 (1986);477 U.S. 207</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-207</accessId>
              <reportNumber>207</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>16</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 207</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 207 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>High Seas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Beneficiaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Helicopters</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Territories and Protectorates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Admiralty Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation Safety and Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Navigation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-124-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Airline</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-02-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-207</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-207.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-242" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-242/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 242</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-242</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 242 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 242</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-242.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8421</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Clear and Convincing</topic>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Malice</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Standard of Proof</topic>
              <topic>Judges</topic>
              <topic>Libel</topic>
              <topic>Nonprofit Corporations</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Summary Judgment</topic>
              <topic>Libel, Defamation: Defamation of Public Officials and Public and Private Persons</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 (1986);477 U.S. 242</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-242</accessId>
              <reportNumber>242</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>17</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 242</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 242 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Clear and Convincing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Malice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Standard of Proof</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judges</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Libel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonprofit Corporations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Summary Judgment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Libel, Defamation: Defamation of Public Officials and Public and Private Persons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-125-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Publisher, publishing company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Injured person or legal entity, nonphysically and non-employment related</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1985-12-03</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including Appellate Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court Judicial Code, and admiralty rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Byron Raymond White</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-242</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-242.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-274" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-274/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Automobile Workers v. Brock, 477 U.S. 274 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 274</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-274</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 274 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 274</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-274.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da83d0</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Trade Act</topic>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Associational Standing</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Secretary of Labor</topic>
              <topic>Unemployment Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Unemployment Insurance</topic>
              <topic>State Law</topic>
              <topic>Prejudice</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Standing to Sue: Personal Injury</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Automobile Workers v. Brock, 477 U.S. 274 (1986);477 U.S. 274</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-274</accessId>
              <reportNumber>274</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>18</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 274</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 274 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Trade Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Associational Standing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Secretary of Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unemployment Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unemployment Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prejudice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Personal Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-126-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Department or Secretary of Labor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Labor</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-274</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-274.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-299" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-299/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Memphis Community School Dist. v. Stachura, 477 U.S. 299 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 299</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-299</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 299 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 299</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-299.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8448</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Academic Freedom</topic>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
              <topic>School Administration</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Evaluation</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Textbooks</topic>
              <topic>Punitive Damages</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Reproduction</topic>
              <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
              <topic>Teaching Methods</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Memphis Community School Dist. v. Stachura, 477 U.S. 299 (1986);477 U.S. 299</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-299</accessId>
              <reportNumber>299</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>19</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 299</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 299 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Academic Freedom</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School Administration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evaluation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Textbooks</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reproduction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Teaching Methods</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-127-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Michigan">Local school district or board of education</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Michigan">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Tennessee">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Michigan Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-04-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-299</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-299.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-317" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-317/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 317</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-317</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 317 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 317</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-317.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8416</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Negligence</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Toxic Substances</topic>
              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
              <topic>Burden of Proof</topic>
              <topic>Asbestos</topic>
              <topic>Strict Liability</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
              <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
              <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317 (1986);477 U.S. 317</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-317</accessId>
              <reportNumber>317</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>20</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 317</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 317 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Toxic Substances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Witnesses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Burden of Proof</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Asbestos</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Strict Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-128-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-04-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including Appellate Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court Judicial Code, and admiralty rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Byron Raymond White</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-317</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-317.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-340" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-340/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>MacDonald, Sommer &amp; Frates v. Yolo County, 477 U.S. 340 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 340</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-340</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 340 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 340</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-340.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8410</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Street Access</topic>
              <topic>Planning Commission</topic>
              <topic>Economic Use</topic>
              <topic>Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Takings</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Water System</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Subdivisions</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Real Estate</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;MacDonald, Sommer &amp; Frates v. Yolo County, 477 U.S. 340 (1986);477 U.S. 340</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-340</accessId>
              <reportNumber>340</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>21</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 340</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 340 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Street Access</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Planning Commission</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Use</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Takings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water System</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Subdivisions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Real Estate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-129-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="California">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (takings clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-340</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-340.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-365" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-365/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Kimmelman v. Morrison, 477 U.S. 365 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 365</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-365</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 365 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 365</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-365.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da841f</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Reasonable Doubt</topic>
              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Reasonableness</topic>
              <topic>Judges</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
              <topic>Legal Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Prejudice</topic>
              <topic>Warrants</topic>
              <topic>Discovery</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Kimmelman v. Morrison, 477 U.S. 365 (1986);477 U.S. 365</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-365</accessId>
              <reportNumber>365</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>22</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 365</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 365 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonable Doubt</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonableness</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judges</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Witnesses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prejudice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discovery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Testimony</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-130-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New Jersey">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-05</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>28 U.S.C. �� 2241-2255 (habeas corpus)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-365</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-365.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-399" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-399/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ford v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 399</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-399</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 399 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 399</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-399.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da83d5</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Schizophrenia</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Ku Klux Klan</topic>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Mental Health</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Incompetence</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Psychiatrists</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Health Information and Medical Records</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Evidentiary Hearing</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Ford v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399 (1986);477 U.S. 399</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-399</accessId>
              <reportNumber>399</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>23</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 399</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 399 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Schizophrenia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ku Klux Klan</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mental Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Incompetence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Psychiatrists</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Information and Medical Records</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidentiary Hearing</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-131-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-04-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-399</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-399.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-436" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-436/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Kuhlmann v. Wilson, 477 U.S. 436 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 436</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-436</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 436 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 436</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-436.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8412</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Weapons</topic>
              <topic>Judges</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
              <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
              <topic>Investigations</topic>
              <topic>Interrogation</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Law</topic>
              <topic>Legitimate Interest</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Kuhlmann v. Wilson, 477 U.S. 436 (1986);477 U.S. 436</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-436</accessId>
              <reportNumber>436</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>24</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 436</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 436 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judges</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Witnesses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Investigations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interrogation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legitimate Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Robbery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Testimony</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-132-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-01-14</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to counsel)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-436</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-436.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-478" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-478/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Murray v. Carrier, 477 U.S. 478 (1985)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 478</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-478</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 478 (1985)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 478</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-478.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da83d1</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Procedural Default</topic>
              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Legal Counsel</topic>
              <topic>State Interest</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Abduction</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Prejudice</topic>
              <topic>Discovery</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Murray v. Carrier, 477 U.S. 478 (1985);477 U.S. 478</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-478</accessId>
              <reportNumber>478</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>25</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 478</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 478 (1985)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Procedural Default</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Abduction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prejudice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discovery</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-133-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Virginia">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-01-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-478</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-478.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-527" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-527/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Smith v. Murray, 477 U.S. 527 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 527</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-527</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 527 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 527</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-527.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da845a</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Mental Health</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
              <topic>Legal Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Prejudice</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Psychiatric Defense</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Smith v. Murray, 477 U.S. 527 (1986);477 U.S. 527</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-527</accessId>
              <reportNumber>527</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>26</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 527</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 527 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mental Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Witnesses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prejudice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Psychiatric Defense</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Testimony</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-134-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Virginia">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-04</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-527</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-527.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-556" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-556/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Department of the Treasury v. Galioto, 477 U.S. 556 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 556</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-556</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 556 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 556</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-556.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8425</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Mental Health</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Weapons</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Firearms</topic>
              <topic>Felons</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Department of the Treasury v. Galioto, 477 U.S. 556 (1986);477 U.S. 556</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-556</accessId>
              <reportNumber>556</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>27</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 556</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 556 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Mental Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Firearms</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Felons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-135-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of the Treasury</petitioner>
              <respondent>Involuntarily committed mental patient</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of the Treasury</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-556</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-556.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-561" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-561/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Riverside v. Rivera, 477 U.S. 561 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 561</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-561</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 561 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 561</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-561.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8449</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Negligence</topic>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Physical Force</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>False Imprisonment</topic>
              <topic>Tear Gas</topic>
              <topic>Warrant</topic>
              <topic>Damages</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Hourly Rate</topic>
              <topic>Personal Injury</topic>
              <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
              <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
              <topic>Attorneys</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Riverside v. Rivera, 477 U.S. 561 (1986);477 U.S. 561</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-561</accessId>
              <reportNumber>561</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>28</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 561</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 561 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Physical Force</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>False Imprisonment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tear Gas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrant</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hourly Rate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Personal Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorneys</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-136-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Racial or ethnic minority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-31</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Attorney&apos;s Fees Awards</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-561</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-561.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-597" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-597/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Department of Transp. v. Paralyzed Veterans, 477 U.S. 597 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 597</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-597</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 597 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 597</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-597.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da83cf</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Federal Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
              <topic>Beneficiaries</topic>
              <topic>Trust Fund</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Veterans</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Legal Precedent</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
              <topic>Economic Benefits</topic>
              <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
              <topic>Navigation</topic>
              <topic>Handicapped, Rights Of: Under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and Related Statutes</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Department of Transp. v. Paralyzed Veterans, 477 U.S. 597 (1986);477 U.S. 597</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-597</accessId>
              <reportNumber>597</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>29</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 597</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 597 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Beneficiaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trust Fund</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Veterans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Precedent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Navigation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Handicapped, Rights Of: Under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and Related Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-137-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Transportation</petitioner>
              <respondent>Handicapped individual, or organization of devoted to</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Civil Aeronautics Board</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Rehabilitation</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-597</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-597.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-619" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-619/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ohio Civil Rights Comm&apos;n v. Dayton Schools, 477 U.S. 619 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 619</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-619</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 619 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 619</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-619.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da840f</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Free Exercise Clause</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Courts</topic>
              <topic>School Administration</topic>
              <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Churches</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Nonprofit Corporations</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Religious Buildings</topic>
              <topic>Preschool Education</topic>
              <topic>Establishment Clause</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
              <topic>Termination</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Comity: First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Ohio Civil Rights Comm&apos;n v. Dayton Schools, 477 U.S. 619 (1986);477 U.S. 619</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-619</accessId>
              <reportNumber>619</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>30</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 619</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 619 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Free Exercise Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School Administration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Churches</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonprofit Corporations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Religious Buildings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Preschool Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Establishment Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Termination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Comity: First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-138-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Ohio">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent>Private school, college, or university</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Ohio">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Ohio Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-619</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-619.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-635" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-635/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lyng v. Castillo, 477 U.S. 635 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 635</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-635</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 635 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 635</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-635.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8414</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Rational Basis</topic>
              <topic>Marriage and Family Status</topic>
              <topic>Relatives</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Household</topic>
              <topic>Scrutiny</topic>
              <topic>Food Stamps</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Aid Thing</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Constitutional</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Lyng v. Castillo, 477 U.S. 635 (1986);477 U.S. 635</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-635</accessId>
              <reportNumber>635</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>31</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 635</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 635 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Rational Basis</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marriage and Family Status</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Relatives</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Household</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Scrutiny</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Food Stamps</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aid Thing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty Law, Constitutional</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-139-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Agriculture</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indigent, needy, welfare recipient</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Texas Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-04-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-635</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-635.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-648" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-648/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>New Mexico v. Earnest, 477 U.S. 648 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>477 U.S. 648</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-648</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">477 U.S. 648 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">477 U.S. 648</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-648.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da83d2</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Cross Examination</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Confrontation Clause</topic>
              <topic>Reliability</topic>
              <topic>Confrontation (Right to Confront Accuser, Call and Cross-Examine Witnesses)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;New Mexico v. Earnest, 477 U.S. 648 (1986);477 U.S. 648</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-648</accessId>
              <reportNumber>648</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>32</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1986-06-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>477 U.S. 648</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>477 U.S. 648 (1986)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Cross Examination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Confrontation Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reliability</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Confrontation (Right to Confront Accuser, Call and Cross-Examine Witnesses)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-140-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New Mexico">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New Mexico">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New Mexico">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-04-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to confront and cross-examine, compulsory process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-648</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-648.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-2" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-2/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Reporter&apos;s Note</title>
              <partName>Back Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-2</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-2.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da83d3</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Reporter&apos;s Note</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>BACKMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-2</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>33</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-2</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-2.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-3" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-3/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Orders</title>
              <partName>Back Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-3</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-3.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da8423</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Orders</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>BACKMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-3</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>34</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-3</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter-3.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-477-BackMatter" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Index</title>
              <partName>Back Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da841d</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, June 18 through June 27, 1986;Index</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>BACKMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-477-BackMatter</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>35</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-477/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-477/pdf/USREPORTS-477-BackMatter.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
</mods>