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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Federal Labor Relations Authority (F.L.R.A.)</topic>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Storekeeper</topic>
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              <topic>Silent Alarm</topic>
              <topic>Jewelry Store</topic>
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Abortion</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Pediatricians</topic>
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                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Personal Injury</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-077-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society</respondent>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1985-078-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
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              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
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              <topic>Federal Funds</topic>
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              <docketId>1985-084-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Labor</petitioner>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
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              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
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              <topic>Burden</topic>
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              <topic>Affirmative Action</topic>
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                   <topic>Affirmative Action</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1985-085-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Michigan">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Michigan">Local school district or board of education</respondent>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Speedy Trial</topic>
              <topic>Drug Enforcement Administration (D.E.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Controlled Substances</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Reasonably Necessary</topic>
              <topic>Speedy Trial</topic>
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                   <topic>Speedy Trial</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1985-086-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Bowen v. Owens, 476 U.S. 340 (1986)</title>
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              <topic>Marriage and Family Status</topic>
              <topic>Widowed Spouse</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Constitutional</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Wage Earner</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Poverty Law, Constitutional</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-087-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
              <respondent>Heir, or beneficiary, or person so claiming to be</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Social Security, as amended, including Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Louisiana Public Service Comm&apos;n v. FCC, 476 U.S. 355 (1986)</title>
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              <topic>Telecommunications</topic>
              <topic>Preemption</topic>
              <topic>Supremacy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Accounting and Auditing</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Telephone Companies</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Depreciation</topic>
              <topic>Revenues</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1985-088-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Communication Act of 1934, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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              <topic>Nonprofit Corporations</topic>
              <topic>Shipping</topic>
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              <docketId>1985-090-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1985-091-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Public Service Comm&apos;n v. C &amp; P Tel. Co., 476 U.S. 445 (1986)</title>
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              <docketId>1985-092-01</docketId>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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              <topic>Alternative Benefits</topic>
              <topic>X-Rays</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
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              <docketId>1985-093-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Federal Trade Commission</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Mental Health</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Courts</topic>
              <topic>Social Security Administration</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Disability Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Eligibility</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Social Workers</topic>
              <topic>Equitable Tolling</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Handicapped, Rights Of: Under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and Related Statutes</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mental Health</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Social Security Administration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Handicapped, Rights Of: Under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and Related Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Social Security, as amended, including Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Los Angeles v. Preferred Communications, Inc., 476 U.S. 488 (1986)</title>
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              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Utility Poles</topic>
              <topic>Franchises</topic>
              <topic>Television Companies</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Telecommunications</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-095-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Cable TV</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="California">State Agency</adminAction>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc., 476 U.S. 498 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>476 U.S. 498</partNumber>
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              <topic>Land Titles</topic>
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              <topic>Public Lands</topic>
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              <topic>Native Americans</topic>
              <topic>Catawba Tribe</topic>
              <topic>North America</topic>
              <topic>Government Property</topic>
              <topic>Tribal Lands</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
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                   <topic>Termination Act</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Native Americans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Catawba Tribe</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Government Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tribal Lands</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1985-096-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="South Carolina">State</petitioner>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lee v. Illinois, 476 U.S. 530 (1986)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Evidence</topic>
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              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Weapons</topic>
              <topic>Legal Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Self-Defense</topic>
              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
              <topic>Confrontation Clause</topic>
              <topic>Statement</topic>
              <topic>Questioning</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Interlocking</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Intent</topic>
              <topic>Confrontation (Right to Confront Accuser, Call and Cross-Examine Witnesses)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Premeditation and Deliberation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miranda Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Counsel</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Witnesses</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Statement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Confrontation (Right to Confront Accuser, Call and Cross-Examine Witnesses)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-097-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to confront and cross-examine, compulsory process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Hemme, 476 U.S. 558 (1986)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Tax Reform</topic>
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              <topic>Transitional Rule</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>Heirs</topic>
              <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Purpose</topic>
              <topic>Gift Tax</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Double Taxation Treaties</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Real Estate</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation of Gifts, Personal, Business, or Professional Expenses</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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                   <topic>Tax Reform</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Death Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Estate Taxes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Benefits</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Legislative Purpose</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gift Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation of Gifts, Personal, Business, or Professional Expenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-098-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Brown-Forman Distillers v. N. Y. State Liquor Auth., 476 U.S. 573 (1986)</title>
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              <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
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              <topic>Territories and Protectorates</topic>
              <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
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              <topic>Licensing and Permits</topic>
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              <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
              <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Jackpot</topic>
              <topic>Withholding Tax</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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                   <topic>Income Tax</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1985-100-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Bowen v. American Hospital Ass., 476 U.S. 610 (1986)</title>
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              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Child Protective Services</topic>
              <topic>Corrective Surgery</topic>
              <topic>Handicap</topic>
              <topic>Final Rules</topic>
              <topic>Restraining Order</topic>
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              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
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              <topic>Child Health</topic>
              <topic>Parental Consent</topic>
              <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Health Care Funding</topic>
              <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
              <topic>Infants</topic>
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-101-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Rehabilitation</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Bowen v. Mich. Academy of Family Physicians, 476 U.S. 667 (1986)</title>
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              <docketId>1985-102-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Confession</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voluntariness</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Credibility</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Witnesses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Robbery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Testimony</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Involuntary Confession</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1985-103-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1985-104-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1985-105-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Thornburgh v. American Coll. Of Obst. &amp; GYN, 476 U.S. 747 (1986)</title>
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              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
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              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
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              <topic>Roe V. Wade</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Choice</topic>
              <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Informed Consent</topic>
              <topic>Abortion</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Maternal Health</topic>
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              <docketId>1985-106-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Pennsylvania">State</petitioner>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
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              <topic>Wedlock</topic>
              <topic>Divorce</topic>
              <topic>Heirs</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>State Interest</topic>
              <topic>Inheritance and Succession</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Marriage and Family Status</topic>
              <topic>Legitimation</topic>
              <topic>Family Law</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Real Estate</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Illegitimates, Rights of (Cf. Juveniles): Typically Inheritance and Survivor&apos;s Benefits, and Paternity Suits</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, April 29 through June 17, 1986, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Reed v. Campbell, 476 U.S. 852 (1986);476 U.S. 852</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>852</reportNumber>
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                   <topic>Trusts and Estates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wedlock</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Divorce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Heirs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inheritance and Succession</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marriage and Family Status</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legitimation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Family Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Real Estate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Illegitimates, Rights of (Cf. Juveniles): Typically Inheritance and Survivor&apos;s Benefits, and Paternity Suits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-108-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Heir, or beneficiary, or person so claiming to be</petitioner>
              <respondent>Father</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Texas">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Texas">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-04-30</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>East River S.S. Corp. v. Transamerica Delaval, 476 U.S. 858 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>476 U.S. 858</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-476/USREPORTS-476-858</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">476 U.S. 858 (1986)</identifier>
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              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Property Damage</topic>
              <topic>Product Liability</topic>
              <topic>Hazardous Equipment</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Strict Liability</topic>
              <topic>Admiralty Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
              <topic>Inland Water Transportation</topic>
              <topic>Charterers</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Inspection</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, April 29 through June 17, 1986, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;East River S.S. Corp. v. Transamerica Delaval, 476 U.S. 858 (1986);476 U.S. 858</searchTitle>
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                   <topic>Warranty</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Ships and Boats</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Damage</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Product Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hazardous Equipment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Strict Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Admiralty Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inland Water Transportation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Charterers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inspection</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1985-109-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Water transportation, stevedore</petitioner>
              <respondent>Manufacturer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Three Affiliated Tribes v. Wold Engineering, 476 U.S. 877 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>476 U.S. 877</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-476/USREPORTS-476-877</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">476 U.S. 877 (1986)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">476 U.S. 877</identifier>
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              <topic>Reservations</topic>
              <topic>American Indians</topic>
              <topic>Self-Governance</topic>
              <topic>Federal Indian and Tribal Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Territories and Protectorates</topic>
              <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Public Lands</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Indian Country</topic>
              <topic>Native Americans</topic>
              <topic>North America</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Waiver</topic>
              <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, April 29 through June 17, 1986, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Three Affiliated Tribes v. Wold Engineering, 476 U.S. 877 (1986);476 U.S. 877</searchTitle>
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              <courtTerm>1985</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>476 U.S. 877</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reservations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>American Indians</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Self-Governance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Indian and Tribal Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Territories and Protectorates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Lands</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indian Country</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Americans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>North America</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Waiver</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-110-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</petitioner>
              <respondent>Construction industry</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="North Dakota">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="North Dakota">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-476/USREPORTS-476-877</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Attorney General of N. Y. v. Soto-Lopez, 476 U.S. 898 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>476 U.S. 898</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4da933e</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Civil Service Employment</topic>
              <topic>Military Service</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Veterans</topic>
              <topic>Military Law</topic>
              <topic>Right to Travel</topic>
              <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
              <topic>Military Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Residential Requirement</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Military Personnel</topic>
              <topic>Residency Requirements: Durational, Plus Discrimination Against Nonresidents</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1985, April 29 through June 17, 1986, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Attorney General of N. Y. v. Soto-Lopez, 476 U.S. 898 (1986);476 U.S. 898</searchTitle>
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              <usCitation>476 U.S. 898</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Civil Service Employment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Veterans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Travel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Residential Requirement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Personnel</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Residency Requirements: Durational, Plus Discrimination Against Nonresidents</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1985-111-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Veteran</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="New York">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-01-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lyng v. Payne, 476 U.S. 926 (1986)</title>
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              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Loan Program</topic>
              <topic>Disasters</topic>
              <topic>Disaster Relief</topic>
              <topic>Farmers</topic>
              <topic>Agricultural Subsidies</topic>
              <topic>Government Lending and Loan Guarantees</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Equitable Estoppel</topic>
              <topic>Notice</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Loan Application</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
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         <extension>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Loan Program</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Disasters</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Disaster Relief</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Farmers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agricultural Subsidies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government Lending and Loan Guarantees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equitable Estoppel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Notice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1985-112-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Agriculture</petitioner>
              <respondent>Farmer, farm worker, or farm organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Farmers Home Administration</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1986-03-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (takings clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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              <topic>Hydroelectric Facilities</topic>
              <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
              <topic>Wholesale Rates</topic>
              <topic>Entitlement Power</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Power Generation and Transmission</topic>
              <topic>Purchased Power</topic>
              <topic>Retail Operations</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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              <docketId>1985-113-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
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              <topic>Poisonous</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Public Health</topic>
              <topic>Harmful Substances</topic>
              <topic>Corn</topic>
              <topic>Deleterious Substances</topic>
              <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
              <topic>Food and Drug Administration (F.D.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Food Production</topic>
              <topic>Food Safety</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
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                   <topic>Food Industry</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tolerance Level</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aflatoxin</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Poisonous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Harmful Substances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corn</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Deleterious Substances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Food and Drug Administration (F.D.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Food Production</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Food Safety</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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              <petitioner>Food and Drug Administration</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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              <title>California v. Hamilton, 476 U.S. 1301 (1986)</title>
              <partNumber>476 U.S. 1301</partNumber>
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              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
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              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Prejudice</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
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