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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Motion to Suppress</topic>
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              <docketId>1984-003-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1984-004-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rules of Evidence (F.R.E.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Impeachment</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1984-005-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Defendant</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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                   <topic>Federal Rules of Evidence (F.R.E.)</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Electronic Surveillance</topic>
              <topic>Intent to Distribute</topic>
              <topic>Cocaine</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Wiretapping</topic>
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Intent to Distribute</topic>
                                        
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              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
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              <caseOrigin>California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Attempted Robbery</topic>
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              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Interpretation</topic>
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                   <topic>Attempted Robbery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Assault and Battery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Counterfeit Currency</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Interpretation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Assault</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1984-008-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Smith v. Illinois, 469 U.S. 91 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Armed Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Illinois</topic>
              <topic>Miranda Rights</topic>
              <topic>Miranda Warnings</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Armed Robbery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Illinois</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miranda Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Miranda Warnings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-009-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Illinois">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (Miranda warnings)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>United States v. Woodward, 469 U.S. 105 (1985)</title>
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              <topic>Misdemeanor</topic>
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              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Customs Claims</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Los Angeles</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Provisions</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: False Statements (Cf. Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Perjury)</topic>
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                   <topic>Misdemeanor</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>False Statements</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>California</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Los Angeles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Provisions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: False Statements (Cf. Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Perjury)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-010-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Thurston, 469 U.S. 111 (1985)</title>
              <partNumber>469 U.S. 111</partNumber>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Air Line Pilots Association</topic>
              <topic>Age Discrimination in Employment Act of (A.D.E.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Flight Engineers</topic>
              <topic>Employee Training Program</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1985-01-08</decisionDate>
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              <usCitation>469 U.S. 111</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Air Line Pilots Association</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Age Discrimination in Employment Act of (A.D.E.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Flight Engineers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Training Program</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-011-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Airline</petitioner>
              <respondent>Retired or former employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1984-10-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Age Discrimination in Employment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Paulsen v. Commissioner, 469 U.S. 131 (1985)</title>
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              <topic>State-Chartered Stock Savings and Loan Association</topic>
              <topic>Savings Accounts</topic>
              <topic>Tax Returns</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Mergers and Acquisitions</topic>
              <topic>Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Tax Court</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Commerce-Citizens Merger</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Savings and Loan Association</topic>
              <topic>Citizens Federal Savings and Loan Association</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1985-01-08</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1984</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>469 U.S. 131</usCitation>
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                   <topic>State-Chartered Stock Savings and Loan Association</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Savings Accounts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Returns</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mergers and Acquisitions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Income Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce-Citizens Merger</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Savings and Loan Association</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Citizens Federal Savings and Loan Association</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-012-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</petitioner>
              <respondent>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Tax Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-10-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder, 469 U.S. 153 (1985)</title>
              <partNumber>469 U.S. 153</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">469 U.S. 153 (1985)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d7b725</identifier>
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              <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Derivative Works</topic>
              <topic>Copyright</topic>
              <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
              <topic>Sound Recordings</topic>
              <topic>Royalties</topic>
              <topic>Patents and Copyrights: Copyright</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Derivative Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Copyright</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sound Recordings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Royalties</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Patents and Copyrights: Copyright</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-013-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Publisher, publishing company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Author, copyright holder</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-10-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Park &apos;N Fly, Inc. v. Dollar Park and Fly, Inc., 469 U.S. 189 (1985)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-469/USREPORTS-469-189</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
              <topic>Descriptive Marks</topic>
              <topic>United States Patent and Trademark Office (P.T.O.)</topic>
              <topic>Logos</topic>
              <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Trademark Act of 1946</topic>
              <topic>Lanham Act</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Copyright Infringement</topic>
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              <topic>Patents and Copyrights: Trademark</topic>
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              <usCitation>469 U.S. 189</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Descriptive Marks</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>United States Patent and Trademark Office (P.T.O.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Logos</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trademark Act of 1946</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lanham Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Copyright Infringement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Patents and Copyrights: Trademark</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-014-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Inventor, patent assigner, trademark owner or holder</petitioner>
              <respondent>Parking lot or service</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Oregon U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-10-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Hensley, 469 U.S. 221 (1985)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Wanted Flyers</topic>
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              <topic>Armed Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Reasonable Suspicion</topic>
              <topic>Firearms</topic>
              <topic>Illegal Arrest</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Informants</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Ohio</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <sequenceNumber>21</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1985-01-08</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1984</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>469 U.S. 221</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>469 U.S. 221 (1985)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Wanted Flyers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cincinnati</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Armed Robbery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonable Suspicion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Firearms</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Illegal Arrest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Informants</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Ohio</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-015-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Kentucky Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-11-05</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Tiverton Bd. Of License Comm&apos;rs v. Pastore, 469 U.S. 238 (1985)</title>
              <partNumber>469 U.S. 238</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">469 U.S. 238 (1985)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">469 U.S. 238</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Exclusionary Rule</topic>
              <topic>Civil Licenses</topic>
              <topic>Liquor License</topic>
              <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1984, beginning of term, October 1, 1984, through February 19, 1985, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Tiverton Bd. Of License Comm&apos;rs v. Pastore, 469 U.S. 238 (1985);469 U.S. 238</searchTitle>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1985-01-08</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1984</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>469 U.S. 238</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Exclusionary Rule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Licenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Liquor License</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-016-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Rhode Island">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Establishment serving liquor by the glass, or package liquor store</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Rhode Island">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Rhode Island">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Rhode Island">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-11-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Boyle, 469 U.S. 241 (1985)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-469/USREPORTS-469-241</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">469 U.S. 241 (1985)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Penalties</topic>
              <topic>Trusts and Estates</topic>
              <topic>Estate Tax</topic>
              <topic>Tax Returns</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Reasonable Cause</topic>
              <topic>Late Filing</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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              <reportNumber>241</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>23</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1985-01-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1984</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>469 U.S. 241</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>469 U.S. 241 (1985)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Penalties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trusts and Estates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Estate Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Returns</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonable Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Late Filing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-017-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-10-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lawrence County v. Lead-Deadwood School Dist., 469 U.S. 256 (1985)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">469 U.S. 256 (1985)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d7b758</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Federal Land</topic>
              <topic>South Dakota</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>Payment in Lieu of Taxes Act</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Supremacy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Tax Exemption</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>National Supremacy: Miscellaneous</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1985-01-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1984</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>469 U.S. 256</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>469 U.S. 256 (1985)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Federal Land</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>South Dakota</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Payment in Lieu of Taxes Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Supremacy Clause</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>National Supremacy: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-018-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="South Dakota">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</petitioner>
              <respondent state="South Dakota">Local school district or board of education</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="South Dakota">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="South Dakota">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="South Dakota">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-10-30</dateArgument>
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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              <docketId>1984-019-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Alexander v. Choate, 469 U.S. 287 (1985)</title>
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                   <topic>Medicaid Costs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Care</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tennessee</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Handicapped, Rights Of: Under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and Related Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-020-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Tennessee">State</petitioner>
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              <caseOrigin>Tennessee Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Rehabilitation</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Tiffany Fine Arts, Inc. v. United States, 469 U.S. 310 (1985)</title>
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                   <topic>Tax-Shelter-Promoting Subsidiaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-021-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</petitioner>
              <respondent>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</respondent>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985)</title>
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                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1984-022-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New Jersey">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Student, or applicant for admission to an educational institution</respondent>
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1984-023-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Kentucky">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin>Kentucky Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Wainwright v. Witt, 469 U.S. 412 (1985)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Post Conviction Review</topic>
              <topic>First-Degree Murder</topic>
              <topic>Juror Exclusion</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Jury Selection</topic>
              <topic>Florida</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Jurors and Death Penalty (Cf. Cruel and Unusual Punishment)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Voir Dire</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Post Conviction Review</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First-Degree Murder</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juror Exclusion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Selection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Florida</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Jurors and Death Penalty (Cf. Cruel and Unusual Punishment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-024-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Florida">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court confusion or uncertainty</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-10-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>28 U.S.C. �� 2241-2255 (habeas corpus)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Tennessee</topic>
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              <topic>Torts Law</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Liability</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Memphis</topic>
              <topic>Assault and Battery</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Disciplinary Records</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Government Officials</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Disciplinary Records</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-025-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Tennessee">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Tennessee Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-11-05</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Johns, 469 U.S. 478 (1985)</title>
              <partNumber>469 U.S. 478</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-469/USREPORTS-469-478</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Warrants</topic>
              <topic>Marijuana</topic>
              <topic>Drug Smuggling</topic>
              <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Drug Production and Distribution</topic>
              <topic>Warrantless Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Drug Enforcement Administration (D.E.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Dea</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1984, beginning of term, October 1, 1984, through February 19, 1985, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;United States v. Johns, 469 U.S. 478 (1985);469 U.S. 478</searchTitle>
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              <decisionDate>1985-01-21</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1984</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>469 U.S. 478</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Warrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marijuana</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drug Smuggling</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drug Production and Distribution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrantless Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drug Enforcement Administration (D.E.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dea</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-026-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Package, luggage, container</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Arizona U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-11-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>NLRB v. Action Automotive, Inc., 469 U.S. 490 (1985)</title>
              <partNumber>469 U.S. 490</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-469/USREPORTS-469-490</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Family-Owned Corporations</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Corporations</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Bargaining</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1985-02-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1984</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>469 U.S. 490</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>469 U.S. 490 (1985)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Family-Owned Corporations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Bargaining</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-027-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-10-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>National Labor Relations, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Rhode Island and New York Boundary Case, 469 U.S. 504 (1985)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Atlantic Ocean</topic>
              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Bodies of Water</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Coastlines</topic>
              <topic>Rhode Island</topic>
              <topic>New York</topic>
              <topic>State Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Submerged Lands Act (Cf. Federal-State Ownership Dispute)</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1984</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Atlantic Ocean</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bodies of Water</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Coastlines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rhode Island</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Boundaries</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Submerged Lands Act (Cf. Federal-State Ownership Dispute)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-028-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Maine">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-11-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Treaty</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Garcia v. San Antonio Metro. Transit Auth., 469 U.S. 528 (1985)</title>
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              <topic>Minimum Wage</topic>
              <topic>Municipal Ownership</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal Financial Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938</topic>
              <topic>Texas</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Mass-Transit Authority</topic>
              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Overtime Pay</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minimum Wage</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Municipal Ownership</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Financial Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Texas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mass-Transit Authority</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1984-029-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Texas">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">Local governmental unit other than a county, city, town, township, village, or borough</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Labor</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Texas Western U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-03-19</dateArgument>
              <dateRearg>1984-10-01</dateRearg>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fair Labor Standards</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Eminent Domain</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
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