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                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Washington</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Invasion of Privacy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Defamation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Religion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Expression</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (F.R.C.P.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aquarian Foundation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Newspapers and Magazines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Non-Profit Foundations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Religious Minorities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Members and Donors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-098-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Newspaper, newsletter, journal of opinion, news service</petitioner>
              <respondent>Religious organization, institution, or person</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
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              <topic>Gambling</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Georgia</topic>
              <topic>Electronic Surveillance</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>Warrants</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-099-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Defendant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Georgia">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Georgia">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Heckler v. Community Health Services, 467 U.S. 51 (1984)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Comprehensive Employment and Training Act</topic>
              <topic>Provider Reimbursement Manual</topic>
              <topic>Travelers&apos; Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Medicare Reimbursement</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Medicare</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Comprehensive Employment and Training Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Provider Reimbursement Manual</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-100-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
              <respondent>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Estoppel</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hishon v. King &amp; Spalding, 467 U.S. 69 (1984)</title>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
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              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
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              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Gender and Sex</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Equal Employment Opportunities</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Sex Discrimination in Employment (Cf. Sex Discrimination)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Employment Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Sex Discrimination in Employment (Cf. Sex Discrimination)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-101-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Female employee or job applicant</petitioner>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>South-Central Timber Development v. Wunnicke, 467 U.S. 82 (1984)</title>
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                   <topic>Alaska</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1983-102-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Forest products, lumber, or logging company</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Alaska">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Alaska">State Agency</adminAction>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Evidentiary Hearing</topic>
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                   <topic>De Novo Review</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-103-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Education of the Handicapped, Education for All Handicapped Children, or Individuals with Disabilities Education Acts, or related statutes, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-104-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Pennsylvania</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
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                   <topic>Medical Expenses</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-105-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Employees&apos; Compensation</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>United States v. Gouveia, 467 U.S. 180 (1984)</title>
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                   <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-106-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Arizona v. Rumsey, 467 U.S. 203 (1984)</title>
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                   <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Murder</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1983-107-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Arizona">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin state="Arizona">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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                   <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Citizenship and Nationality</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Employability of Aliens (Cf. Immigration and Naturalization)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-108-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Texas">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
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            </subject>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>New York v. Uplinger, 467 U.S. 246 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Loitering</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prostitution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1983-110-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Writ Improvidently Granted</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Schall v. Martin, 467 U.S. 253 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>New York Family Court Act</topic>
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                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Juveniles (Cf. Rights of Illegitimates)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-111-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Juvenile</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Colorado v. New Mexico, 467 U.S. 310 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
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              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>New Mexico</topic>
              <topic>Equity</topic>
              <topic>Rivers and Waterways</topic>
              <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
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                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Colorado</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Vermejo River</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-112-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Colorado">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Mexico">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-01-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Block v. Community Nutrition Institute, 467 U.S. 340 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Reconstituted Milk</topic>
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              <topic>Milk Market Orders</topic>
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              <topic>Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937</topic>
              <topic>Milk Pricing</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Dairy Farms</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
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                   <topic>Reconstituted Milk</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Milk Pricing</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-113-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Agriculture</petitioner>
              <respondent>Consumer, consumer organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Agriculture</adminAction>
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              <dateArgument>1984-04-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>ICC v. American Trucking Assns., Inc., 467 U.S. 354 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Antitrust Immunity</topic>
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                   <topic>Antitrust Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Carrier Act of 1980</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Transportation Regulation:Truck, or Motor Carrier</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1983-114-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Interstate Commerce Commission</petitioner>
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              <adminAction>Interstate Commerce Commission</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Aluminum Co. v. Central Lincoln Util. Dist., 467 U.S. 380 (1984)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
              <topic>Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act</topic>
              <topic>Bonneville Project Act of 1937</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Power Generation and Transmission</topic>
              <topic>Hydroelectric Power</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
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                   <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bonneville Project Act of 1937</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1983-115-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Bonneville Power Administration</adminAction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <title>INS v. Stevic, 467 U.S. 407 (1984)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Deportation</topic>
              <topic>Immigration and Nationality Act of 1953</topic>
              <topic>Refugee Act of 1980</topic>
              <topic>Immigration</topic>
              <topic>Undocumented Immigrants</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Deportation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration and Nationality Act of 1953</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Refugee Act of 1980</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Undocumented Immigrants</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Deportation (Cf. Immigration and Naturalization)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-116-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Immigration and Naturalization Service, or Director of, or District Director of, or Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement</petitioner>
              <respondent>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Board of Immigration Appeals</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Immigration and Naturalization, Immigration, Nationality, or Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>467 U.S. 431</partNumber>
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              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Incriminatory Statements</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
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                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Iowa</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First-Degree Murder</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-117-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Iowa">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Iowa Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Exclusionary Rule (Right to Counsel)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Michigan Canners &amp; Freezers v. Agricultural Bd., 467 U.S. 461 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Agricultural Marketing</topic>
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              <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
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              <topic>Agricultural Practices</topic>
              <topic>Michigan Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Association</topic>
              <topic>Agricultural Fair Practices Act of (A.F.P.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Agricultural Marketing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Michigan Agricultural Marketing and Bargaining Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Agricultural Practices</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Michigan Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Association</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-118-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Farmer, farm worker, or farm organization</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Michigan">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
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              <dateArgument>1984-03-19</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>California v. Trombetta, 467 U.S. 479 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>467 U.S. 479</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Driving Under the Influence</topic>
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              <topic>Breath Alcohol Test</topic>
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              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
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                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Driving Under the Influence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Introxilyzer Test</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-119-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ohio v. Johnson, 467 U.S. 493 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>467 U.S. 493</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-467/USREPORTS-467-493</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Aggravated Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Grand Theft</topic>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Murder</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>Aggravated Robbery</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-120-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Ohio">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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                   <topic>Mistrial</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Plea Bargaining: The Constitutionality of and/Or the Circumstances of Its Exercise</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1983-121-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Arkansas">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Franchise Tax Board of California v. USPS, 467 U.S. 512 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>California Revenue and Taxation Code</topic>
              <topic>Withholding Tax</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Income Tax</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-122-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent>Postal Service and Post Office, or Postmaster General, or Postmaster</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Postal Service and Post Office, or Postmaster General, or Postmaster</adminAction>
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              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Furniture Moving Drivers v. Crowley, 467 U.S. 526 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Union Elections</topic>
              <topic>Title IV of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
              <topic>Title I of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of (L.M.R.D.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Union-Union Member Dispute (Except as Pertains to Union or Closed Shop)</topic>
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                   <topic>Workers and Laborers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Union Elections</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Union-Union Member Dispute (Except as Pertains to Union or Closed Shop)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-123-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Massachusetts U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Firefighters v. Stotts, 467 U.S. 561 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Tennessee</topic>
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              <topic>Government Employees</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Memphis</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Layoffs and Employment Terminations</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Tennessee</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Affirmative Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-124-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Tennessee">Minority governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Tennessee">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hayfield Northern R. Co. v. Chicago &amp; N. W. Tr. Co., 467 U.S. 622 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Minnesota</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce Act (I.C.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Staggers Rail Act of 1980</topic>
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              <topic>Minnesota Statutes</topic>
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              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minnesota Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Abandonment Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-125-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Railroad</petitioner>
              <respondent>Railroad</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Interstate Commerce Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Minnesota U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-02-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Interstate Commerce, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Armco Inc. v. Hardesty, 467 U.S. 638 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Property Tax</topic>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Manufacturing Tax</topic>
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              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Gross Receipts Tax</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Compensating Tax</topic>
              <topic>West Virginia</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Property Tax</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-126-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent state="West Virginia">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="West Virginia">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <caseSource state="West Virginia">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>New York v. Quarles, 467 U.S. 649 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>467 U.S. 649</partNumber>
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              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miranda Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Self-Incrimination</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Miranda Warnings</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1983-127-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Capital Cities Cable, Inc. v. Crisp, 467 U.S. 691 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>467 U.S. 691</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Communications Act of 1934</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Broadcast Programming</topic>
              <topic>Telecommunications</topic>
              <topic>Oklahoma</topic>
              <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
              <topic>Supremacy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Television and Film</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Copyright Revision Act of 1976</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Twenty-First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Communications Act of 1934</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Broadcast Programming</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Telecommunications</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Oklahoma</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Supremacy Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Television and Film</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Copyright Revision Act of 1976</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-128-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Cable TV</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Oklahoma">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Oklahoma">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Oklahoma Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Communication Act of 1934, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp. v. R. A. Gray &amp; Co., 467 U.S. 717 (1984)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Multiemployer Pension Plan Amendments Act of (M.P.P.A.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Retirement Plans</topic>
              <topic>ERISA</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Pension</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act of (E.R.I.S.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Cf. Union Trust Funds)</topic>
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                   <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fixed Debt</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Cf. Union Trust Funds)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1983-129-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation</petitioner>
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                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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            </votes>
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              <title>SEC v. Jerry T. O&apos;Brien, Inc., 467 U.S. 735 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Financial Records</topic>
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                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1983-130-01</docketId>
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              <adminAction>Securities and Exchange Commission</adminAction>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp., 467 U.S. 752 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
              <topic>Intra-Enterprise Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Treble Damages</topic>
              <topic>Clayton Act</topic>
              <topic>Noncompetitive Sale Agreements</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-131-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Manufacturer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>United States v. Varig Airlines, 467 U.S. 797 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Federal Aviation Act of 1958</topic>
              <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
              <topic>Federal Tort Claims Act (F.T.C.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Torts Law</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Safety Regulations</topic>
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              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Inspection</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
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                   <topic>Federal Aviation Administration (F.A.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Aviation Act of 1958</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-132-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Airline</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Aviation Agency or Administration</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Tort Claims, or Alien Tort Statute</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Morton, 467 U.S. 822 (1984)</title>
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                   <topic>Alimony</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Writ of Garnishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Child Support</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Divorce</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-133-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Air Force</adminAction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, 467 U.S. 837 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977</topic>
              <topic>Pollution Liability</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
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                   <topic>Pollution-Emitting Devices</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Air Quality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pollution Liability</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-134-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Oil company, or natural gas producer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Environmental organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
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              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-02-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Clean Air, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Cooper v. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, 467 U.S. 867 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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              <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (F.R.C.P.)</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
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                   <topic>Title VII</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Employment Opportunities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-135-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Racial or ethnic minority employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>North Carolina Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-03-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1981)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Sure-Tan, Inc. v. NLRB, 467 U.S. 883 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>467 U.S. 883</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">467 U.S. 883 (1984)</identifier>
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              <topic>Workers&apos; Compensation</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Immigration and Nationality Act (I.N.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Cease-and-Desist Orders</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Undocumented Immigrants</topic>
              <topic>Unfair Labor Practices</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Employability of Aliens (Cf. Immigration and Naturalization)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Workers&apos; Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration and Nationality Act (I.N.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cease-and-Desist Orders</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Undocumented Immigrants</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Employability of Aliens (Cf. Immigration and Naturalization)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-136-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>National Labor Relations, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Tower v. Glover, 467 U.S. 914 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>467 U.S. 914</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-467/USREPORTS-467-914</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Punitive Damages</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Legal Ethics</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-137-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Attorney, or person acting as such, includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Oregon U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-02-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Washington Metro. Transit Auth. v. Johnson, 467 U.S. 925 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>467 U.S. 925</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-467/USREPORTS-467-925</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Compensation Claims</topic>
              <topic>Work-Related Injury</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Workers&apos; Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Torts Law</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Longshoremen&apos;s and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1984-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>467 U.S. 925</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>467 U.S. 925 (1984)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Compensation Claims</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Work-Related Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Workers&apos; Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Longshoremen&apos;s and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-138-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Administrative agency established under an interstate compact (except for the MTC)</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-04-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Longshoremen and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Secretary of State of Md. v. J. H. Munson Co., 467 U.S. 947 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>467 U.S. 947</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-467/USREPORTS-467-947</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">467 U.S. 947 (1984)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Fundraising</topic>
              <topic>Nonprofit Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Charities</topic>
              <topic>Maryland</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1984-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>467 U.S. 947</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>467 U.S. 947 (1984)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fundraising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonprofit Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Charities</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-139-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Maryland">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Eleemosynary institution or person</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Maryland">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Maryland">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Maryland">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-10-31</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ruckelshaus v. Monsanto Co., 467 U.S. 986 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>467 U.S. 986</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-467/USREPORTS-467-986</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Private Property</topic>
              <topic>Data-Consideration Provisions</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Trade Secrets Act</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
              <topic>Trade Secrets</topic>
              <topic>Tucker Act</topic>
              <topic>Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (F.I.F.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Missouri</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1984-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Private Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Data-Consideration Provisions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trade Secrets Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trade Secrets</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tucker Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (F.I.F.R.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Missouri</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-140-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator</petitioner>
              <respondent>Chemical company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Missouri Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-02-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (takings clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Patton v. Yount, 467 U.S. 1025 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>467 U.S. 1025</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-467/USREPORTS-467-1025</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">467 U.S. 1025 (1984)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Rape</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Life Imprisonment</topic>
              <topic>First-Degree Murder</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Pennsylvania</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Pretrial Publicity</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <docketId>1983-141-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Pennsylvania">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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