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                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-060-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Hospital, medical center</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-11-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sherman</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Escambia County v. McMillan, 466 U.S. 48 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Election Law</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Supreme Court Jurisdiction or Authority on Appeal or Writ of Error, from Federal District Courts or Courts of Appeals (Cf. 753)</topic>
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                   <topic>County Commissioners</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Supreme Court Jurisdiction or Authority on Appeal or Writ of Error, from Federal District Courts or Courts of Appeals (Cf. 753)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-061-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Florida">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</petitioner>
              <respondent>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-01-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>EEOC v. Shell Oil Co., 466 U.S. 54 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 54</partNumber>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
              <topic>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (E.E.O.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Title VII</topic>
              <topic>Subpoenas</topic>
              <topic>Employment and Hiring Practices</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1984-04-02</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
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              <fullCitation>466 U.S. 54 (1984)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (E.E.O.C.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Title VII</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-062-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court confusion or uncertainty</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-10-31</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Louisiana v. Mississippi, 466 U.S. 96 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 96</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-466/USREPORTS-466-96</identifier>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Louisiana</topic>
              <topic>Riparian Landowner</topic>
              <topic>Rivers and Waterways</topic>
              <topic>Mississippi River</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>State Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Boundary Dispute Between States</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1984-04-02</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>466 U.S. 96</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>466 U.S. 96 (1984)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Land Dispute</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mississippi</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Louisiana</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Riparian Landowner</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rivers and Waterways</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mississippi River</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Boundaries</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Boundary Dispute Between States</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-063-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Louisiana">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Mississippi">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-01-16</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Jacobsen, 466 U.S. 109 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 109</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-466/USREPORTS-466-109</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d6984e</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Warrants</topic>
              <topic>Drug Enforcement Administration (D.E.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Cocaine</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drug Enforcement Administration (D.E.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cocaine</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-064-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Package, luggage, container</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Minnesota U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-12-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Arizona v. California, 466 U.S. 144 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 144</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d69872</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Quechan Indian Tribe</topic>
              <topic>Chemehuevi Indian Tribe</topic>
              <topic>Federal Indian and Tribal Law</topic>
              <topic>Water Law</topic>
              <topic>Water Resources</topic>
              <topic>Cocopah Indian Tribe</topic>
              <topic>Fort Mojave Indian Tribe</topic>
              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Colorado River Indian Tribes</topic>
              <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1984-04-16</decisionDate>
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                   <topic>Quechan Indian Tribe</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Chemehuevi Indian Tribe</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Indian and Tribal Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cocopah Indian Tribe</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fort Mojave Indian Tribe</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Colorado River Indian Tribes</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-065-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Arizona">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Decrees</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Baldwin County Welcome Center v. Brown, 466 U.S. 147 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 147</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d69858</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Title VII</topic>
              <topic>Equal Employment Opportunities</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Employment and Hiring Practices</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
              <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (F.R.C.P.)</topic>
              <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1984-04-16</decisionDate>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Title VII</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Employment Opportunities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employment and Hiring Practices</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (F.R.C.P.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-066-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Alabama Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including Appellate Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court Judicial Code, and admiralty rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Oliver v. United States, 466 U.S. 170 (1984)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Warrants</topic>
              <topic>Marijuana</topic>
              <topic>Reasonable Expectation of Privacy</topic>
              <topic>Maine</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marijuana</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonable Expectation of Privacy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maine</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-067-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Kentucky Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-11-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Summa Corp. v. California ex rel. Lands Comm&apos;n, 466 U.S. 198 (1984)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Bodies of Water</topic>
              <topic>Pacific Ocean</topic>
              <topic>Ballona Lagoon</topic>
              <topic>Marine Resources and Fisheries</topic>
              <topic>Water Resources</topic>
              <topic>Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</topic>
              <topic>Hunting and Fishing</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Treaties and International Agreements</topic>
              <topic>Patents</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
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                   <topic>Bodies of Water</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pacific Ocean</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ballona Lagoon</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marine Resources and Fisheries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hunting and Fishing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Treaties and International Agreements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patents</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-068-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-02-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>INS v. Delgado, 466 U.S. 210 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 210</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
              <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
              <topic>Immigration and Naturalization Service (I.N.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Workers and Laborers</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
              <topic>Undocumented Immigrants</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1984-04-17</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>466 U.S. 210</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>466 U.S. 210 (1984)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration and Naturalization Service (I.N.S.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Workers and Laborers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Undocumented Immigrants</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-069-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Immigration and Naturalization Service, or Director of, or District Director of, or Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Immigration and Naturalization Service, or Director of, or District Director of, or Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-01-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Franklin Mint Corp., 466 U.S. 243 (1984)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Federal Aviation Act of 1958</topic>
              <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
              <topic>Freight and Cargo</topic>
              <topic>Torts Law</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Warsaw Convention</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Liability</topic>
              <topic>Par Value Modification Act</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Pvma</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1984-04-17</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>466 U.S. 243</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Federal Aviation Act of 1958</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freight and Cargo</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warsaw Convention</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-070-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Airline</petitioner>
              <respondent>Shipper, including importer and exporter</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Treaty</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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              <title>McDonald v. West Branch, 466 U.S. 284 (1984)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Freedom to Petition</topic>
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              <topic>Res Judicata</topic>
              <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Termination of Employment</topic>
              <topic>Workers and Laborers</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Freedom to Petition</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Association</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Res Judicata</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Workers and Laborers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-071-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Michigan">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Michigan">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Michigan">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Michigan Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-02-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Justices of Boston Municipal Court v. Lydon, 466 U.S. 294 (1984)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>De Novo Review</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Bench Trial</topic>
              <topic>Massachusetts</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Minor Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>De Novo Review</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-072-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Massachusetts">Court or judicial district</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Massachusetts U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (double jeopardy)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>James v. Kentucky, 466 U.S. 341 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 341</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-466/USREPORTS-466-341</identifier>
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              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Kentucky</topic>
              <topic>Right to Remain Silent</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Jury Instructions (Not Necessarily in Criminal Cases)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Kentucky</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Remain Silent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Testimony</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Jury Instructions (Not Necessarily in Criminal Cases)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-073-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Defendant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Kentucky">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Kentucky">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Kentucky">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-02-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Limbach v. Hooven &amp; Allison Co., 466 U.S. 353 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 353</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-466/USREPORTS-466-353</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d6988f</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Property Tax</topic>
              <topic>Tax Returns</topic>
              <topic>Import and Export</topic>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Collateral-Estoppel Doctrine</topic>
              <topic>Property Rights</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Ohio</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1983, March 26 through May 15, 1984, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Limbach v. Hooven &amp; Allison Co., 466 U.S. 353 (1984);466 U.S. 353</searchTitle>
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              <usCitation>466 U.S. 353</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Property Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Returns</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Import and Export</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Collateral-Estoppel Doctrine</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ohio</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-074-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Ohio">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Manufacturer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Ohio">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Ohio">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Ohio">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-02-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 10, Paragraph 2 (export-import clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Schneider Moving &amp; Storage Co. v. Robbins, 466 U.S. 364 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 364</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-466/USREPORTS-466-364</identifier>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
              <topic>Arbitration (In the Context of Labor-Management or Employer-Employee Relations) (Cf. Arbitration)</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Workers and Laborers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Arbitration (In the Context of Labor-Management or Employer-Employee Relations) (Cf. Arbitration)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-075-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer-employee trust agreement, employee health and welfare fund, or multiemployer pension plan</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Putative conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-02-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Board of Education v. Vail, 466 U.S. 377 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 377</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d69857</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
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                   <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-076-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Illinois">Local school district or board of education</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Illinois">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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              <decisionType>Equally divided vote</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion></majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>4</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Capital Cities Media, Inc. v. Toole, 466 U.S. 378 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 378</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>No Merits: Remand to Determine Basis of State or Federal Court Decision (Cf. Judicial Administration: State Law)</topic>
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pennsylvania</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Writ of Prohibition</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Personally Identifiable Information (P.I.I.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>No Merits: Remand to Determine Basis of State or Federal Court Decision (Cf. Judicial Administration: State Law)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-077-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Newspaper, newsletter, journal of opinion, news service</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Pennsylvania">Judge</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Pennsylvania">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
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                   <topic>Motion to Suppress Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1983-078-01</docketId>
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              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Westinghouse Electric Corp. v. Tully, 466 U.S. 388 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Code of 1954</topic>
              <topic>Domestic International Sales Corporation</topic>
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              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
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                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Import and Export</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-079-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Electric equipment manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New York">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="New York">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Helicopters Nacionales de Colombia v. Halls, 466 U.S. 408 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Peru</topic>
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              <topic>Pipelines</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Liability</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Accidental Death</topic>
              <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Jurisdiction (Jurisdiction over Non-Resident Litigants)</topic>
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                   <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Colombia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>International Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Helicopters</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Accidental Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Due Process: Jurisdiction (Jurisdiction over Non-Resident Litigants)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-080-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Out of state noncriminal defendant</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Texas">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Texas">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Palmore v. Sidoti, 466 U.S. 429 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Custody</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Families</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Florida</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Custody</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-081-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Mother</petitioner>
              <respondent>Father</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Florida">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
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              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-02-22</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Ellis v. Railway Clerks, 466 U.S. 435 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Railway Labor Act</topic>
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                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Railway Labor Act</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Union Expenses</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Union or Closed Shop: Includes Agency Shop Litigation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-082-01</docketId>
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              <respondent>Union, labor organization, or official of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Railway Labor</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <title>FCC v. ITT World Communications, Inc., 466 U.S. 463 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Federal Agencies</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Officials</topic>
              <topic>Telecommunications</topic>
              <topic>Agency</topic>
              <topic>I.T.T. World Communications</topic>
              <topic>F.C.C. Telecommunications Committee</topic>
              <topic>Consultative Process</topic>
              <topic>Federal Communications Commission (F.C.C.)</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Sunshine Act</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Privacy</topic>
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              <usCitation>466 U.S. 463</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Agencies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Officials</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Telecommunications</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agency</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>I.T.T. World Communications</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>F.C.C. Telecommunications Committee</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Consultative Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Communications Commission (F.C.C.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-083-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Federal Communications Commission (including a predecessor, Federal Radio Commission)</petitioner>
              <respondent>Telephone, telecommunications, or telegraph company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Communications Commission (including a predecessor, Federal Radio Commission)</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-03-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Freedom of Information, Sunshine, or Privacy Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Rodgers, 466 U.S. 475 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 475</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-466/USREPORTS-466-475</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">466 U.S. 475 (1984)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">466 U.S. 475</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Agency</topic>
              <topic>False Statements</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I.)</topic>
              <topic>Motion to Dismiss</topic>
              <topic>Indictment</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: False Statements (Cf. Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Perjury)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1983, March 26 through May 15, 1984, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;United States v. Rodgers, 466 U.S. 475 (1984);466 U.S. 475</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>475</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>31</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1984-04-30</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>466 U.S. 475</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>466 U.S. 475 (1984)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agency</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>False Statements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motion to Dismiss</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indictment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: False Statements (Cf. Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Perjury)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-084-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-03-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of U.S., Inc., 466 U.S. 485 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 485</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-466/USREPORTS-466-485</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">466 U.S. 485 (1984)</identifier>
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              <topic>De Novo Review</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Newspapers and Magazines</topic>
              <topic>Malice</topic>
              <topic>Product Disparagement</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (F.R.C.P.)</topic>
              <topic>Sound Systems</topic>
              <topic>Libel, Defamation: Defamation of Public Officials and Public and Private Persons</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1983, March 26 through May 15, 1984, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of U.S., Inc., 466 U.S. 485 (1984);466 U.S. 485</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>485</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>32</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1984-04-30</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>466 U.S. 485</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>466 U.S. 485 (1984)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>De Novo Review</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Newspapers and Magazines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Malice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Product Disparagement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (F.R.C.P.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sound Systems</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Libel, Defamation: Defamation of Public Officials and Public and Private Persons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-085-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Injured person or legal entity, nonphysically and non-employment related</petitioner>
              <respondent>Magazine</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Massachusetts U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-11-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Westinghouse Electric Corp. v. Vaughn, 466 U.S. 521 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 521</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-466/USREPORTS-466-521</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">466 U.S. 521 (1984)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">466 U.S. 521</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-086-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Minority female employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Arkansas Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-03-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Writ Improvidently Granted</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Pulliam v. Allen, 466 U.S. 522 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 522</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-466/USREPORTS-466-522</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">466 U.S. 522 (1984)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Imposed Bail</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Virginia</topic>
              <topic>Crimes and Misdemeanors</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Attorney&apos;s Fees Awards Act of 1976</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1984-05-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>466 U.S. 522</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>466 U.S. 522 (1984)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Imposed Bail</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Virginia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crimes and Misdemeanors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Attorney&apos;s Fees Awards Act of 1976</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-087-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Virginia">Judge</petitioner>
              <respondent>Arrested person, or pretrial detainee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-11-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hoover v. Ronwin, 466 U.S. 558 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 558</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-466/USREPORTS-466-558</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">466 U.S. 558 (1984)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>State-Action Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Liability</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
              <topic>Arizona</topic>
              <topic>Bar Admissions</topic>
              <topic>Committee on Examinations and Admissions</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1984-05-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
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              <fullCitation>466 U.S. 558 (1984)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State-Action Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Arizona</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bar Admissions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Committee on Examinations and Admissions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-088-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Attorney, or person acting as such, includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Arizona">State or U.S. Supreme Court</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Arizona">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Arizona U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-01-16</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sherman</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>4</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Heckler v. Ringer, 466 U.S. 602 (1984)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Reimbursement</topic>
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              <topic>Persons with Disabilities</topic>
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              <topic>Title XVIII of the Social Security Act</topic>
              <topic>Old-Age and Disability Claims</topic>
              <topic>Title II of the Social Security Act</topic>
              <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <usCitation>466 U.S. 602</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Reimbursement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Persons with Disabilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Medicare Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Title XVIII of the Social Security Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Old-Age and Disability Claims</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-089-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
              <respondent>Medical or Medicaid claimant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-02-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Medicare provisions of the Social Security Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648 (1984)</title>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Oklahoma</topic>
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              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1984-05-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>466 U.S. 648</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>466 U.S. 648 (1984)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Oklahoma</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Florida</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-090-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Oklahoma Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-01-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to counsel)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Theft and Burglaries</topic>
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              <topic>Murder</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Professional Responsibility</topic>
              <topic>Florida</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Indigents: Inadequate Representation by Counsel (Cf. Right to Counsel)</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1984-05-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1983</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>466 U.S. 668</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>466 U.S. 668 (1984)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Theft and Burglaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Ethics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Murder</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Professional Responsibility</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Florida</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Indigents: Inadequate Representation by Counsel (Cf. Right to Counsel)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-091-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Florida">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1984-01-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to counsel)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>NLRB v. Ironworkers, 466 U.S. 720 (1984)</title>
              <partNumber>466 U.S. 720</partNumber>
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              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
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              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
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              <usCitation>466 U.S. 720</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>466 U.S. 720 (1984)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Workers&apos; Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-092-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Union, labor organization, or official of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Massachusetts v. Upton, 466 U.S. 727 (1984)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Warrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>De Novo Determination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1983-093-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Massachusetts">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Warrantless Arrest</topic>
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                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>San Pasqual Bands Reservations</topic>
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                   <topic>Indians (Other than Pertains to State Jurisdiction Over)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1983-095-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <title>City Council v. Taxpayers for Vincent, 466 U.S. 789 (1984)</title>
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              <topic>Los Angeles City Council</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Los Angeles Municipal Code</topic>
              <topic>Property Rights</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>Transportation Safety and Security</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1983-096-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Orders</title>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Tate v. Rose, 466 U.S. 1301 (1984)</title>
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              <title>Index</title>
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