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              <topic>Civil Discovery</topic>
              <topic>Subsequent Litigation</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act (F.O.I.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
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                   <topic>Related Litigation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Production Request</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Disclosure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privileged Communications</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discovery</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-095-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Federal Trade Commission</petitioner>
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              <adminAction>Federal Trade Commission</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Freedom of Information, Sunshine, or Privacy Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Watt v. Western Nuclear, Inc., 462 U.S. 36 (1983)</title>
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              <topic>Energy</topic>
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              <topic>Mineral Deposits</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Land</topic>
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                   <topic>Energy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Stock-Raising Homestead Act of 1916</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Real Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homestead Exemption</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Lands</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Deposits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Land</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-096-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of the Interior</petitioner>
              <respondent>Mining company or miner, excluding coal, oil, or pipeline company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of the Interior</adminAction>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Ptasynski, 462 U.S. 74 (1983)</title>
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              <topic>Fuel Tax</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Excise Taxes</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Oil and Petroleum Products</topic>
              <topic>Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
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                   <topic>Fuel Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Excise Taxes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Oil and Petroleum Products</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-097-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Oil company, or natural gas producer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Wyoming U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Wyoming U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 1 (taxing, spending, general welfare, or uniformity clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Baltimore Gas &amp; Electric Co. v. NRDC, 462 U.S. 87 (1983)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Nuclear Waste Storage</topic>
              <topic>Reactor</topic>
              <topic>Nuclear Power</topic>
              <topic>Zero Release</topic>
              <topic>Environment</topic>
              <topic>Proposed Action</topic>
              <topic>National Environmental Policy Act</topic>
              <topic>Health Effects</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Effects</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Nuclear Waste Storage</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reactor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nuclear Power</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Zero Release</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Proposed Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Environmental Policy Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Effects</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Effects</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-098-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Nuclear power plant or facility</petitioner>
              <respondent>Environmental organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Nuclear Regulatory Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>National Environmental Policy</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Maggio v. Fulford, 462 U.S. 111 (1983)</title>
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              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Competency</topic>
              <topic>Stand Trial</topic>
              <topic>Alibi Witness</topic>
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              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
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                   <topic>Question of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Competency</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Stand Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alibi Witness</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1982-116-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Louisiana">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>28 U.S.C. �� 2241-2255 (habeas corpus)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Bankamerica Corp. v. United States, 462 U.S. 122 (1983)</title>
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              <topic>Interlocking Directorates</topic>
              <topic>Trust Company</topic>
              <topic>Banking Association</topic>
              <topic>Nonbank Banks</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Banks and Financial Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Non-Bank Financial Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust and Trade Law</topic>
              <topic>Clayton Act</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Undivided Profit</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Trust Company</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Nonbank Banks</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Banks and Financial Institutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Non-Bank Financial Institutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust and Trade Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Clayton Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Undivided Profit</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1982-099-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Clayton</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Alternative Dispute Resolution (A.D.R.)</topic>
              <topic>Erie Doctrine</topic>
              <topic>Labor Arbitration</topic>
              <topic>Full Faith and Credit</topic>
              <topic>Rules of Decision Act</topic>
              <topic>Labor Relations</topic>
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                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Union-Union Member Dispute (Except as Pertains to Union or Closed Shop)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-100-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union member</petitioner>
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              <caseOrigin>Maryland U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>National Labor Relations, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton, 462 U.S. 176 (1983)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
              <topic>Energy</topic>
              <topic>Natural Gas Policy Act (N.G.P.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Contract Clause</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Pass Through</topic>
              <topic>Severance Tax</topic>
              <topic>Royalty Owner</topic>
              <topic>Royalty</topic>
              <topic>Tax Increase</topic>
              <topic>Contractual Obligation</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
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                   <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Gas Policy Act (N.G.P.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contract Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pass Through</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Royalty Owner</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Royalty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Increase</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contractual Obligation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-101-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Oil company, or natural gas producer</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Alabama">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Alabama">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Alabama">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Whiting Pools, Inc., 462 U.S. 198 (1983)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Contents of Estate</topic>
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              <topic>Estate Property</topic>
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              <topic>Secured Transactions</topic>
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              <topic>Secured Creditor</topic>
              <topic>Noncustodial Turnover</topic>
              <topic>Seized Property</topic>
              <topic>Possessory Interest</topic>
              <topic>Lease Agreements</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Adequate Protection</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
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                   <topic>Contents of Estate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Eligible Plan</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Lien</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Estate Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Secured Transactions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Turnover Order</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Secured Creditor</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Seized Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Possessory Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lease Agreements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Adequate Protection</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-102-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 (1983)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>De Novo Review</topic>
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              <topic>Search Warrants</topic>
              <topic>Warrantless Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Confidential Informant</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Exclusionary Rule</topic>
              <topic>Deferential Review</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1983-06-08</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>462 U.S. 213</usCitation>
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                   <topic>De Novo Review</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Procedural Matters</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Warrantless Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-103-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Illinois">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Chappell v. Wallace, 462 U.S. 296 (1983)</title>
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              <topic>Board for Correction of Naval Records</topic>
              <topic>Veterans</topic>
              <topic>Superior Officer</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
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                   <topic>Substantial Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Enlisted Personnel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Personnel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Standard of Review</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Board for Correction of Naval Records</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Superior Officer</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-104-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="United States">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Military personnel, or dependent of, including reservist</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Navy</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Haring v. Prosise, 462 U.S. 306 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 306</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">462 U.S. 306 (1983)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">462 U.S. 306</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Waiver of Defense</topic>
              <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
              <topic>Phencyclidine</topic>
              <topic>Affirmations and Oaths</topic>
              <topic>Admissibility at Trial</topic>
              <topic>Search Warrants</topic>
              <topic>Guilty Plea</topic>
              <topic>Section 1983 Actions</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Collateral Estoppel</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Full Faith and Credit</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Proceeding</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>306</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>18</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1983-06-13</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>462 U.S. 306</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>462 U.S. 306 (1983)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Waiver of Defense</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Phencyclidine</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Affirmations and Oaths</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Admissibility at Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search Warrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Guilty Plea</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Section 1983 Actions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Collateral Estoppel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Full Faith and Credit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Proceeding</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-105-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Virginia">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-04-20</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>New Mexico v. Mescalero Apache Tribe, 462 U.S. 324 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 324</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-324</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">462 U.S. 324 (1983)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">462 U.S. 324</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d60885</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Reservations</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Federal Indian and Tribal Law</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Authority and Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Tribal Sovereignty</topic>
              <topic>Native Americans</topic>
              <topic>Property Rights</topic>
              <topic>Concurrent Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, June 6 through June 23, 1983;New Mexico v. Mescalero Apache Tribe, 462 U.S. 324 (1983);462 U.S. 324</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-462-324</accessId>
              <reportNumber>324</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>19</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1983-06-13</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>462 U.S. 324</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>462 U.S. 324 (1983)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Reservations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Indian and Tribal Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Authority and Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tribal Sovereignty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Americans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Concurrent Jurisdiction</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-106-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New Mexico">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="New Mexico">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New Mexico U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-04-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-324</url>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-462-345" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-345/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Crown, Cork &amp; Seal Co. v. Parker, 462 U.S. 345 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 345</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-345</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">462 U.S. 345 (1983)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">462 U.S. 345</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d6087b</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Limitations Period</topic>
              <topic>Motions to Intervene</topic>
              <topic>Class Member</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Tolling Rule</topic>
              <topic>Time Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Class Certification</topic>
              <topic>Class Action</topic>
              <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, June 6 through June 23, 1983;Crown, Cork &amp; Seal Co. v. Parker, 462 U.S. 345 (1983);462 U.S. 345</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-462-345</accessId>
              <reportNumber>345</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>20</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1983-06-13</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>462 U.S. 345</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>462 U.S. 345 (1983)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Limitations Period</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motions to Intervene</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Class Member</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tolling Rule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Time Limitations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Class Certification</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Class Action</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-107-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Racial or ethnic minority employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Maryland U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-04-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including Appellate Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court Judicial Code, and admiralty rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-345</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-462/pdf/USREPORTS-462-345.pdf</url>
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    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-462-356" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-356/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Bell v. United States, 462 U.S. 356 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 356</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-356</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">462 U.S. 356 (1983)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">462 U.S. 356</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d60898</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>THIEF</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>False Pretenses</topic>
              <topic>Bank Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Theft and Burglaries</topic>
              <topic>Federal Bank Robbery Act</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Financial (Other than in Fraud or Internal Revenue)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, June 6 through June 23, 1983;Bell v. United States, 462 U.S. 356 (1983);462 U.S. 356</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-462-356</accessId>
              <reportNumber>356</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>21</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1983-06-13</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>462 U.S. 356</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>462 U.S. 356 (1983)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>THIEF</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>False Pretenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bank Robbery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Theft and Burglaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Bank Robbery Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Financial (Other than in Fraud or Internal Revenue)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-108-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-04-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-356</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-462/pdf/USREPORTS-462-356.pdf</url>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-462-367" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-367/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Bush v. Lucas, 462 U.S. 367 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 367</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-367</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">462 U.S. 367 (1983)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">462 U.S. 367</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-462/pdf/USREPORTS-462-367.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d6088b</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Special Factor</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Rights</topic>
              <topic>Grievances</topic>
              <topic>Adverse Action</topic>
              <topic>Personnel Action</topic>
              <topic>Damages</topic>
              <topic>Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Cause of Action</topic>
              <topic>Civil Service</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, June 6 through June 23, 1983;Bush v. Lucas, 462 U.S. 367 (1983);462 U.S. 367</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-462-367</accessId>
              <reportNumber>367</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>22</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1983-06-13</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>462 U.S. 367</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>462 U.S. 367 (1983)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Special Factor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Grievances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Adverse Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Personnel Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cause of Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-109-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="United States">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Civil Service Commission, U.S.</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Alabama Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-01-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-367</url>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-462-393" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-393/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>NLRB v. Transportation Management Corp., 462 U.S. 393 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 393</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-393</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">462 U.S. 393 (1983)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">462 U.S. 393</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-462/pdf/USREPORTS-462-393.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d60896</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Protected Activities</topic>
              <topic>Burden of Persuasion</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Union Activity</topic>
              <topic>Discipline</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
              <topic>Labor Arbitration</topic>
              <topic>Burden of Proof</topic>
              <topic>Layoffs and Employment Terminations</topic>
              <topic>Labor Relations</topic>
              <topic>Termination</topic>
              <topic>Affirmative Defense</topic>
              <topic>Unfair Labor Practices</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Employee Discharge</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
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         <extension>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-462-393</accessId>
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              <decisionDate>1983-06-13</decisionDate>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Protected Activities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Burden of Persuasion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Union Activity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discipline</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Arbitration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Burden of Proof</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Layoffs and Employment Terminations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Termination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Affirmative Defense</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unfair Labor Practices</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Employee Discharge</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-110-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-03-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>National Labor Relations, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Philko Aviation, Inc. v. Shacket, 462 U.S. 406 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 406</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-406</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Federal Aviation Act of 1958</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Definition</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
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              <topic>Negotiable Interests</topic>
              <topic>Charters</topic>
              <topic>Airplanes</topic>
              <topic>Aircraft</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Security Interests</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1983-06-15</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Federal Aviation Act of 1958</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Definition</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Air and Space</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Negotiable Interests</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Charters</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Airplanes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aircraft</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Security Interests</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-111-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Buyer, purchaser</petitioner>
              <respondent>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-04-20</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, 462 U.S. 416 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 416</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-416</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Patient Consent</topic>
              <topic>Pregnant Woman</topic>
              <topic>Right to Privacy</topic>
              <topic>Unborn Children</topic>
              <topic>Medical Treatment</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>State Interest</topic>
              <topic>Waiting Period</topic>
              <topic>First Trimester</topic>
              <topic>Attending Physician</topic>
              <topic>Childbirth</topic>
              <topic>End of Life Decision</topic>
              <topic>Informed Consent</topic>
              <topic>Abortion</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Precedent</topic>
              <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
              <topic>Privacy</topic>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-462-416</accessId>
              <reportNumber>416</reportNumber>
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              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Patient Consent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pregnant Woman</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Privacy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unborn Children</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Medical Treatment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Waiting Period</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Trimester</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attending Physician</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Childbirth</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>End of Life Decision</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Informed Consent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Precedent</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-112-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Ohio">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Ohio Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Municipal or other local ordinance unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Planned Parenthood Assn. v. Ashcroft, 462 U.S. 476 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 476</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-476</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">462 U.S. 476 (1983)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Abortion</topic>
              <topic>Patient Consent</topic>
              <topic>Pregnant Woman</topic>
              <topic>Right to Privacy</topic>
              <topic>Attending Physician</topic>
              <topic>Unborn Children</topic>
              <topic>Medical Treatment</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>Waiting Period</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Precedent</topic>
              <topic>First Trimester</topic>
              <topic>End of Life Decision</topic>
              <topic>Informed Consent</topic>
              <topic>Abortion</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
              <topic>Privacy</topic>
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                   <topic>Criminal Abortion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patient Consent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pregnant Woman</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Privacy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attending Physician</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Medical Treatment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Waiting Period</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Precedent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Trimester</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>End of Life Decision</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Informed Consent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-113-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Missouri">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-11-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Simopoulos v. Virginia, 462 U.S. 506 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 506</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-506</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">462 U.S. 506 (1983)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Abortion</topic>
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              <topic>Pregnant Woman</topic>
              <topic>Right to Privacy</topic>
              <topic>Attending Physician</topic>
              <topic>Unborn Children</topic>
              <topic>Medical Treatment</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Waiting Period</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Precedent</topic>
              <topic>First Trimester</topic>
              <topic>End of Life Decision</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Informed Consent</topic>
              <topic>Abortion</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
              <topic>Privacy</topic>
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                   <topic>Criminal Abortion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patient Consent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pregnant Woman</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Privacy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attending Physician</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unborn Children</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Medical Treatment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Waiting Period</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Precedent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Trimester</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>End of Life Decision</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Informed Consent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-114-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Virginia">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Virginia">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Virginia">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-11-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Jones &amp; Laughlin Steel Corp. v. Pfeifer, 462 U.S. 523 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 523</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-523</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">462 U.S. 523 (1983)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">462 U.S. 523</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d60887</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Maritime Workers&apos; Wage Enforcement Lien</topic>
              <topic>Voluntary Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Longshoremen&apos;s and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Maritime Workers Claims</topic>
              <topic>Compensation Order</topic>
              <topic>Lost Earnings</topic>
              <topic>Interest Rate</topic>
              <topic>Future Price</topic>
              <topic>Future Earning</topic>
              <topic>Negligence Action</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Wage Increases</topic>
              <topic>Maritime Tort Actions</topic>
              <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, June 6 through June 23, 1983;Jones &amp; Laughlin Steel Corp. v. Pfeifer, 462 U.S. 523 (1983);462 U.S. 523</searchTitle>
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              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Maritime Workers&apos; Wage Enforcement Lien</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voluntary Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Longshoremen&apos;s and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime Workers Claims</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Compensation Order</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lost Earnings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interest Rate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Future Price</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Future Earning</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Negligence Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wage Increases</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime Tort Actions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-115-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Water transportation, stevedore</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Longshoremen and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Texas v. New Mexico, 462 U.S. 554 (1983)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Pecos River Compact</topic>
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              <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Basin</topic>
              <topic>Inflow Outflow</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Water Rights</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Supreme Court&apos;s Original Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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                   <topic>Pecos River Compact</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Advisory Committee</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Impasse Resolution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Basin</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inflow Outflow</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Supreme Court&apos;s Original Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-117-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Texas">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Mexico">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1983-03-30</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Interstate Compact</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Villamonte-Marquez, 462 U.S. 579 (1983)</title>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-462/USREPORTS-462-579</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Border Search</topic>
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              <topic>Maritime Penalties</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Officers</topic>
              <topic>Warrantless Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
              <topic>Suits in Admiralty Act</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Maritime Forfeitures and Penalties</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Border Search</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Scope of Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water Transportation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime Penalties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrantless Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Suits in Admiralty Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime Forfeitures and Penalties</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-118-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-02-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>First Nat. City Bank v. Banco Para El Comercio, 462 U.S. 611 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 611</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">462 U.S. 611</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Empresa</topic>
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              <topic>International Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Corporate Veil</topic>
              <topic>Foreign State</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
              <topic>International Law</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of (F.S.I.A.)</topic>
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              <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, June 6 through June 23, 1983;First Nat. City Bank v. Banco Para El Comercio, 462 U.S. 611 (1983);462 U.S. 611</searchTitle>
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              <decisionDate>1983-06-17</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>462 U.S. 611</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>462 U.S. 611 (1983)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Empresa</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Shareholder Duties and Liabilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>International Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporate Veil</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign State</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>International Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of (F.S.I.A.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-119-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Foreign nation or instrumentality</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-03-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Florida v. Casal, 462 U.S. 637 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 637</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">462 U.S. 637 (1983)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>No Merits: Adequate Non-Federal Grounds for Decision</topic>
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                   <topic>No Merits: Adequate Non-Federal Grounds for Decision</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-129-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Florida">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Writ Improvidently Granted</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Illinois v. Lafayette, 462 U.S. 640 (1983)</title>
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Scope of Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inmate Searches</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1982-120-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Illinois">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Arrested person, or pretrial detainee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Scope of Protection</topic>
              <topic>Inmate Searches</topic>
              <topic>Warrantless Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
              <topic>Inventory Searches</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
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                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-121-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Puerto Rico">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Puerto Rico">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Puerto Rico U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Newport News Shipbuilding &amp; Dry Dock v. EEOC, 462 U.S. 669 (1983)</title>
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                   <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Sex Discrimination in Employment (Cf. Sex Discrimination)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-122-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
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              <adminAction>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Place, 462 U.S. 696 (1983)</title>
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              <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1982-123-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Karcher v. Daggett, 462 U.S. 725 (1983)</title>
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              <topic>Election</topic>
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              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Redistricting</topic>
              <topic>Gerrymandering</topic>
              <topic>Variances</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment Plan</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Geographic</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Congressional Districts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voters</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Political Subdivision</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-124-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Jersey">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (composition of the House of Representatives)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Mennonite Board of Missions v. Adams, 462 U.S. 791 (1983)</title>
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              <topic>Title Quality</topic>
              <topic>Real Property</topic>
              <topic>Quite Title Action</topic>
              <topic>Tax Collection</topic>
              <topic>Adverse Claim Action</topic>
              <topic>True in Rem</topic>
              <topic>Tax Deed</topic>
              <topic>Redeeming Property</topic>
              <topic>Trust Accounts</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Hearing or Notice (Other than as Pertains to Government Employees or Prisoners&apos; Rights)</topic>
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                   <topic>Property Tax</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Tax Lien</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Due Process: Hearing or Notice (Other than as Pertains to Government Employees or Prisoners&apos; Rights)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1982-125-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</respondent>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>National Assn. of Greeting Card Pubs. v. USPS, 462 U.S. 810 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 810</partNumber>
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              <topic>Particular Class</topic>
              <topic>Cost of Service</topic>
              <topic>Postal Rate</topic>
              <topic>Postal Reorganization Act</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Rate-Making</topic>
              <topic>Postal Service</topic>
              <topic>Delivery</topic>
              <topic>Postage</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Particular Class</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cost of Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Postal Rate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Postal Reorganization Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rate-Making</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Postal Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Delivery</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-126-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Publisher, publishing company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Postal Service and Post Office, or Postmaster General, or Postmaster</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Postal Rate Commission</adminAction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Election</topic>
              <topic>De Minimis</topic>
              <topic>Apportionment</topic>
              <topic>Voting District</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Redistricting</topic>
              <topic>Populous County</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
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                   <topic>Voters</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Political Subdivision</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Election</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Apportionment</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-127-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Wyoming">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
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              <caseSource>Wyoming U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Zant v. Stephens, 462 U.S. 862 (1983)</title>
              <partNumber>462 U.S. 862</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Prior Criminal Record</topic>
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              <topic>Imposition of Sentence</topic>
              <topic>Prior Conviction</topic>
              <topic>Aggravating Circumstances</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mitigating Circumstances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prior Criminal Record</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bifurcated Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Imposition of Sentence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prior Conviction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aggravating Circumstances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-128-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Georgia">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Georgia Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983)</title>
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              <topic>Motion to Reopen</topic>
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              <topic>Extreme Hardship</topic>
              <topic>Immigration</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
              <topic>Alien Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Prima Facie Case</topic>
              <topic>Relief from Deportation</topic>
              <topic>Interlocutory Order</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Veto</topic>
              <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1983-06-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Immigration and Nationality Act (I.N.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motion to Reopen</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Suspension of Deportation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Extreme Hardship</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alien Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prima Facie Case</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Interlocutory Order</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Legislative Veto</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-130-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Immigration and Naturalization Service, or Director of, or District Director of, or Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement</petitioner>
              <respondent>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</respondent>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Immigration and Naturalization, Immigration, Nationality, or Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>Act of congress declared unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Idaho ex rel. Evans v. Oregon, 462 U.S. 1017 (1983)</title>
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              <topic>Real Property</topic>
              <topic>Public Lands</topic>
              <topic>Appropriation Rights</topic>
              <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Equitable Apportionment</topic>
              <topic>Water Rights</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Nonconsumptive Use</topic>
              <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
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                   <topic>Administrative Allocation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fish and Wildlife Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Real Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Lands</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Appropriation Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equitable Apportionment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water Rights</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1982-131-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Idaho">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Oregon">State</respondent>
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Oregon v. Bradshaw, 462 U.S. 1039 (1983)</title>
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              <topic>Custodial Interrogation</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Investigation</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Process</topic>
              <topic>Interrogation</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Assistance of Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Valid Waiver</topic>
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              <topic>Miranda Warnings</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1983-06-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>462 U.S. 1039</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>462 U.S. 1039 (1983)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Totality of Circumstances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Self-Incrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Plurality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Police Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miranda Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voluntary Waiver</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Custodial Interrogation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Investigation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Process</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Assistance of Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Valid Waiver</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Miranda Warnings</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1982-132-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Oregon">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Arrested person, or pretrial detainee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Oregon">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Oregon">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-03-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (Miranda warnings)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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