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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Smith v. Wade, 461 U.S. 30 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 30</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-30</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Intent to Injure</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Punitive Damages</topic>
              <topic>Compensatory and Punitive Damages</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Section 1983</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1983-04-20</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 30</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 30 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Intent to Injure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Compensatory and Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Section 1983</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-063-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Missouri">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-11-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 U.S. 95 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 95</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-95</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">461 U.S. 95</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d607fa</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Excessive Force</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officials</topic>
              <topic>Police Officers</topic>
              <topic>Standing to Sue: Personal Injury</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, April 20 through June 3, 1983, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 U.S. 95 (1982);461 U.S. 95</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-461-95</accessId>
              <reportNumber>95</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1983-04-20</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 95</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 95 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Excessive Force</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officials</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Police Officers</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Personal Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-064-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-11-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Connick, District Attorney in and for the Parish of Orleans, Louisiana v. Myers, 461 U.S. 138 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 138</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-138</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">461 U.S. 138 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">461 U.S. 138</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d60803</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Political Campaigns</topic>
              <topic>Officials and Employees</topic>
              <topic>Political Advertising</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, April 20 through June 3, 1983, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Connick, District Attorney in and for the Parish of Orleans, Louisiana v. Myers, 461 U.S. 138 (1982);461 U.S. 138</searchTitle>
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              <decisionDate>1983-04-20</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 138</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 138 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Political Campaigns</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Officials and Employees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Political Advertising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-065-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Louisiana">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Louisiana">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-11-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States et al. v. Grace et al., 461 U.S. 171 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 171</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-171</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">461 U.S. 171 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">461 U.S. 171</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d60816</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Boycotts</topic>
              <topic>Disruptive Conduct</topic>
              <topic>Picketing</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Parades</topic>
              <topic>Protest and Dissent</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, April 20 through June 3, 1983, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;United States et al. v. Grace et al., 461 U.S. 171 (1982);461 U.S. 171</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-461-171</accessId>
              <reportNumber>171</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>11</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1983-04-20</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 171</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 171 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boycotts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Disruptive Conduct</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Picketing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Parades</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Protest and Dissent</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-066-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or nonindigent loiterer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-01-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Act of congress declared unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Pacific Gas &amp; (and) Electric Co. et al. v. State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission et al., 461 U.S. 190 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 190</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-190</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">461 U.S. 190 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">461 U.S. 190</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d607c3</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Atomic Energy</topic>
              <topic>Nuclear Waste</topic>
              <topic>Energy Commission</topic>
              <topic>Nuclear Research</topic>
              <topic>Energy</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>Waste Management</topic>
              <topic>Nuclear Power</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, April 20 through June 3, 1983, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Pacific Gas &amp; (and) Electric Co. et al. v. State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission et al., 461 U.S. 190 (1982);461 U.S. 190</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-461-190</accessId>
              <reportNumber>190</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>12</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1983-04-20</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 190</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 190 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Atomic Energy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nuclear Waste</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy Commission</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nuclear Research</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Waste Management</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nuclear Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-067-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Nuclear power plant or facility</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-01-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Atomic Energy</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Alabama v. Evans, 461 U.S. 230 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 230</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-230</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">461 U.S. 230 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">461 U.S. 230</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d607fb</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Aggravating Circumstances</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Application for Stay</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Alabama</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Stay of Execution</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, April 20 through June 3, 1983, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Alabama v. Evans, 461 U.S. 230 (1982);461 U.S. 230</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-461-230</accessId>
              <reportNumber>230</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>13</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1983-04-22</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 230</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 230 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Aggravating Circumstances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Application for Stay</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alabama</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Stay of Execution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-068-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Alabama">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Alabama Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Olim et al. v. Wakinekona, 461 U.S. 238 (1982)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Scope of Protection</topic>
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              <topic>Prisoner Rights</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Commodity Exchange Act</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Post-Conviction Proceeding</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Prisoners&apos; Rights and Defendants&apos; Rights</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
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                   <topic>Scope of Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Imprisonment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prisoner Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commodity Exchange Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Post-Conviction Proceeding</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Prisoners&apos; Rights and Defendants&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-069-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Hawaii">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Hawaii">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Hawaii U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-01-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Jim McNeff, Inc. v. Todd et al., 461 U.S. 260 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 260</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-260</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
              <topic>Strikes</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Protected Activities</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Union Trust Funds (Cf. ERISA)</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1983-04-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 260</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Strikes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Protected Activities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Union Trust Funds (Cf. ERISA)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-070-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Construction industry</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer-employee trust agreement, employee health and welfare fund, or multiemployer pension plan</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-01-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Labor-Management Relations</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Block, Secretary of Agriculture, et al. v. North Dakota ex rel. Board of University and School Lands, 461 U.S. 273 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 273</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-273</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>North Dakota</topic>
              <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Education</topic>
              <topic>Water Law</topic>
              <topic>Quiet Title Act of 1972</topic>
              <topic>Property Rights</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
              <topic>Real Estate</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>North Dakota</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Quiet Title Act of 1972</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Real Estate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-071-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Agriculture</petitioner>
              <respondent state="North Dakota">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>North Dakota U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-02-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Tufts et al., 461 U.S. 300 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 300</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-300</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">461 U.S. 300 (1982)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d607f5</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Property Tax</topic>
              <topic>Capital Gains Tax</topic>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Liability</topic>
              <topic>Fiduciaries and Transferees</topic>
              <topic>Sales and Leases</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Capital Gains</topic>
              <topic>Partnerships</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-461-300</accessId>
              <reportNumber>300</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>17</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1983-05-02</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 300</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 300 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Property Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Gains Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Income Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fiduciaries and Transferees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sales and Leases</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Gains</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Partnerships</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-072-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Tax Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-11-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Martinez, as Next Friend of Morales v. Bynum, Texas Commissioner of Education, et al., 461 U.S. 321 (1982)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-321</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>U.S. Department of Education (E.D.)</topic>
              <topic>Agency</topic>
              <topic>Residency Requirement</topic>
              <topic>School Board</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Education</topic>
              <topic>Public Education</topic>
              <topic>Residency Requirements: Durational, Plus Discrimination Against Nonresidents</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>321</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1983-05-02</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 321</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 321 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>U.S. Department of Education (E.D.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agency</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Residency Requirement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School Board</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Education</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Residency Requirements: Durational, Plus Discrimination Against Nonresidents</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-073-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Student, or applicant for admission to an educational institution</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">Specified state board or department of education</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Texas">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-01-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Kolender, Chief of Police of San Diego, et al. v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Reasonable Suspicion</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Loitering</topic>
              <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Disruptive Conduct</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonable Suspicion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Loitering</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Disruptive Conduct</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-074-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Arrested person, or pretrial detainee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-11-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corp. v. Arkansas Public Service Commission, 461 U.S. 375 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 375</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">461 U.S. 375 (1982)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Energy</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
              <topic>Rural Cooperative</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Rural Electrification Act</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, April 20 through June 3, 1983, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corp. v. Arkansas Public Service Commission, 461 U.S. 375 (1982);461 U.S. 375</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>375</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1983-05-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 375</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 375 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rural Cooperative</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rural Electrification Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-075-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Arkansas">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Arkansas">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Arkansas">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Arkansas">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-01-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Power</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>American Paper Institute, Inc. v. American Electric Power Service Corp. et al., 461 U.S. 402 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 402</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-402</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">461 U.S. 402 (1982)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978</topic>
              <topic>Cogeneration</topic>
              <topic>Energy</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>Small Power Production</topic>
              <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
              <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Public Utilities Regulation: Electric Power</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, April 20 through June 3, 1983, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;American Paper Institute, Inc. v. American Electric Power Service Corp. et al., 461 U.S. 402 (1982);461 U.S. 402</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-461-402</accessId>
              <reportNumber>402</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1983-05-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 402</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 402 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cogeneration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Small Power Production</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Public Utilities Regulation: Electric Power</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-076-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Energy Regulatory Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-03-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Public Utility Regulatory Policy</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hensley et al. v. Eckerhart et al., 461 U.S. 424 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 424</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-424</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">461 U.S. 424 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">461 U.S. 424</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d607be</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Attorney&apos;s Fees Awards Act of 1976</topic>
              <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
              <topic>Attorneys</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, April 20 through June 3, 1983, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Hensley et al. v. Eckerhart et al., 461 U.S. 424 (1982);461 U.S. 424</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-461-424</accessId>
              <reportNumber>424</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>22</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1983-05-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 424</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 424 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Attorney&apos;s Fees Awards Act of 1976</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorneys</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-077-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Missouri">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Involuntarily committed mental patient</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Missouri">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-11-03</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Attorney&apos;s Fees Awards</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Heckler, Secretary of Health and Human Services v. Campbell, 461 U.S. 458 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 458</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-458</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">461 U.S. 458 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">461 U.S. 458</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d607c1</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Health Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>Public Health Care</topic>
              <topic>Social Security</topic>
              <topic>Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Health Information and Medical Records</topic>
              <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
              <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
              <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, April 20 through June 3, 1983, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Heckler, Secretary of Health and Human Services v. Campbell, 461 U.S. 458 (1982);461 U.S. 458</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>458</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>23</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1983-05-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1982</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>461 U.S. 458</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>461 U.S. 458 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Health Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Health Care</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Information and Medical Records</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-078-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
              <respondent>Disabled person or disability benefit claimant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-02-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Social Security, as amended, including Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Boston Firefighters Union, Local 718 v. Boston Chapter, NAACP, et al., 461 U.S. 477 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>461 U.S. 477</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-461/USREPORTS-461-477</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">461 U.S. 477 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">461 U.S. 477</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1982, April 20 through June 3, 1983, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Boston Firefighters Union, Local 718 v. Boston Chapter, NAACP, et al., 461 U.S. 477 (1982);461 U.S. 477</searchTitle>
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                   <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-092-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Racial or ethnic minority employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>154</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
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              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Verlinder B. V. v. Central Bank of Nigeria, 461 U.S. 480 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of (F.S.I.A.)</topic>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>International Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>In Personam Actions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>International Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of (F.S.I.A.)</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Federal Question (Cf. No Merits: Dismissed for Want of a Substantial or Properly Presented Federal Question)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-079-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Foreign (non-American) nongovernmental entity</petitioner>
              <respondent>Foreign nation or instrumentality</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>United States v. Hasting et al., 461 U.S. 499 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Authority to Adjudicate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prosecutorial Conduct</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Self-Incrimination (Other than as Pertains to Miranda or Immunity from Prosecution)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-080-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Harmless Error</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Pallas Shipping Agency, Ltd. v. Duris, 461 U.S. 529 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Longshoremen&apos;s and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Voluntary Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
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                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Longshoremen&apos;s and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voluntary Compensation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-081-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Shipper, including importer and exporter</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Ohio Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1983-04-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Longshoremen and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Regan, Secretary of the Treasury, et al. v. Taxation with Representation of Washington, 461 U.S. 540 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Lobbying Activities</topic>
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              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
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                   <topic>Charitable Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Deductions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-082-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of the Treasury</petitioner>
              <respondent>Public interest organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Customs</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
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                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Money Laundering</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Currency</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Forfeiture</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Forfeiture</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Customs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Speedy Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-083-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Customs Service or Commissioner or Collector of Customs</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Cardwell et al. v. Taylor, 461 U.S. 571 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Interrogation</topic>
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                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Arrest</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-093-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Arizona">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Arizona U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Bob Jones University v. United States, 461 U.S. 574 (1982)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
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              <topic>Private Schools</topic>
              <topic>Education</topic>
              <topic>Tax-Exempt Organizations</topic>
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                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Agency</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Private Schools</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Tax-Exempt Organizations</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Desegregation, Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-084-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Private school, college, or university</petitioner>
              <respondent>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>South Carolina U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Morrison-Knudsen Construction Co. et al. v. Director, Office of Workers&apos; Compensation Programs, United States Department of Labor, et al., 461 U.S. 624 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Union Trust Funds</topic>
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              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Longshoremen&apos;s and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Maritime Workers Claims</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Salary and Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Workers&apos; Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
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                   <topic>Workers&apos; Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trusts and Estates</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Union Trust Funds</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voluntary Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Longshoremen&apos;s and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime Workers Claims</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Salary and Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Workers&apos; Benefits</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-085-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Construction industry</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Benefits Review Board</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1983-03-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Longshoremen and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>General Motors Corp. v. Devex Corp. et al., 461 U.S. 648 (1982)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Copyright Infringement</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Limitation of Actions</topic>
              <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
              <topic>Royalties</topic>
              <topic>Patents</topic>
              <topic>Patents and Copyrights: Patent</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Copyright Infringement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Limitation of Actions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Royalties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patents</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Patents and Copyrights: Patent</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-086-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Auto manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Inventor, patent assigner, trademark owner or holder</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Delaware U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660 (1982)</title>
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Entitlement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Preliminary Hearing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probation Revocation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probation and Parole</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Indigents: Payment of Fine</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1982-087-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Probationer, or parolee</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Georgia">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Georgia">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Georgia">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Conflict between federal court and state court</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <title>United States v. Rodgers et al., 461 U.S. 677 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Penalties</topic>
              <topic>Tax Lien</topic>
              <topic>Tax Credits</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Tax Fraud</topic>
              <topic>Interest</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Homestead</topic>
              <topic>Sales and Leases</topic>
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                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Penalties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Lien</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Credits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Fraud</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homestead</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sales and Leases</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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