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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Northern Pipeline Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co., 458 U.S. 50 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Encroachment</topic>
              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Compensation Clause</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
              <topic>Specialized Courts</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Discretion</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
              <topic>Judges</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
              <topic>Referee</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Court</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Encroachment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Compensation Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Specialized Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Discretion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judges</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Referee</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-148-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</petitioner>
              <respondent>Pipe line company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Minnesota U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Minnesota U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-04-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 1, Paragraph 2 (good behavior and compensation clause of federal judges)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Act of congress declared unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Union Labor Life Ins. Co. v. Pireno, 458 U.S. 119 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 119</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-119</identifier>
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              <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
              <topic>Price Competition</topic>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Health Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Alternative Medicine</topic>
              <topic>Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Prescription Drugs</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>Peer Review</topic>
              <topic>Chiropractors</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Business of Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Policyholders</topic>
              <topic>Life Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Insurance History</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Price Competition</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alternative Medicine</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prescription Drugs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Peer Review</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Chiropractors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Business of Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Policyholders</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Life Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-149-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Insurance company, or surety</petitioner>
              <respondent>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-04-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Fidelity Federal Sav. &amp; Loan Assn. v. De La Cuesta, 458 U.S. 141 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 141</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-141</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">458 U.S. 141 (1982)</identifier>
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              <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
              <topic>Foreclosure</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Language</topic>
              <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
              <topic>Preemption</topic>
              <topic>Mortgage</topic>
              <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
              <topic>Interest</topic>
              <topic>Banks and Financial Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Federal Savings</topic>
              <topic>Due-on-Sale</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Loan Associations</topic>
              <topic>State Law</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreclosure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Language</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Preemption</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mortgage</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Banks and Financial Institutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Savings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due-on-Sale</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Loan Associations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-150-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Home Loan Bank Board</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-04-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hendrick Hudson Dist. Bd. Of Ed. v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 176</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-176</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">458 U.S. 176 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">458 U.S. 176</identifier>
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              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
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              <topic>Education Funding</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
              <topic>Public Education</topic>
              <topic>Education</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Federal Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>School Administration</topic>
              <topic>Handicapped Children</topic>
              <topic>Special Education</topic>
              <topic>Appropriate Education</topic>
              <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
              <topic>Handicapped, Rights Of: Under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and Related Statutes</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Interpretation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education Funding</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School Administration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Handicapped Children</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Special Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Appropriate Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Handicapped, Rights Of: Under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and Related Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-151-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">Local school district or board of education</petitioner>
              <respondent>Handicapped individual, or organization of devoted to</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="New York">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-03-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Education of the Handicapped, Education for All Handicapped Children, or Individuals with Disabilities Education Acts, or related statutes, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-176</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ford Motor Co. v. EEOC, 458 U.S. 219 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 219</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-219</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">458 U.S. 219 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">458 U.S. 219</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5fdda</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Seniority</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Warehouses</topic>
              <topic>Sex-Based Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Damages</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Back Pay</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Unconditional Offer</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Sex Discrimination in Employment (Cf. Sex Discrimination)</topic>
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                   <topic>Seniority</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warehouses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex-Based Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Back Pay</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Civil Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Sex Discrimination in Employment (Cf. Sex Discrimination)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-152-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Passengers</topic>
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              <topic>Driving While Intoxicated</topic>
              <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
              <topic>Contraband</topic>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Warrant</topic>
              <topic>Warrantless Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
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                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Driver&apos;s License</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Vehicles</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Driving While Intoxicated</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contraband</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrant</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrantless Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1981-153-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Michigan">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
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              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>United States v. Hollywood Motor Car Co., 458 U.S. 263 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Right to a Speedy Trial</topic>
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              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Speech or Debate Clause</topic>
              <topic>Second Trial</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Vindictiveness</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Review of Non-Final Order</topic>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Review of Non-Final Order</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1981-154-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Boundary Dispute Between States</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1981, June 28 through September 20, 1982, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;South Dakota v. Nebraska, 458 U.S. 276 (1982);458 U.S. 276</searchTitle>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Boundary Dispute Between States</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1981-155-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="South Dakota">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Nebraska">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Dummy Account</topic>
              <topic>Consumer Credit</topic>
              <topic>Banks and Financial Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Indictment</topic>
              <topic>Checks</topic>
              <topic>Accounting and Auditing</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Language</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>White-Collar Crime</topic>
              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Financial (Other than in Fraud or Internal Revenue)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-156-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Asarco Inc. v. Idaho State Tax Comm&apos;n, 458 U.S. 307 (1982)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Capital Gains Tax</topic>
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              <topic>Board of Directors</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Domicile</topic>
              <topic>Business Income</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Petroleum</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Interest</topic>
              <topic>Dividends</topic>
              <topic>Subsidiaries</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Capital Gains Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unitary Business</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Board of Directors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Domicile</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Business Income</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Petroleum</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dividends</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Subsidiaries</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-157-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Mining company or miner, excluding coal, oil, or pipeline company</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Foreign Tax Credit</topic>
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              <topic>Due Process</topic>
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              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Trade and International Finance</topic>
              <topic>Subsidiaries</topic>
              <topic>Accounting and Auditing</topic>
              <topic>Dividends</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Investments</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
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              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
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                   <topic>Foreign Tax Credit</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1981-158-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Retail business or outlet</petitioner>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
              <topic>Trade Associations</topic>
              <topic>Engineers and Engineering</topic>
              <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
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              <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Racial Minorities</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Minority Employment</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Language</topic>
              <topic>Buildings and Property</topic>
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              <topic>Liability</topic>
              <topic>Building Construction</topic>
              <topic>Intent</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
              <topic>Employment and Training Programs</topic>
              <topic>Construction Industry</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Building Construction</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-159-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Construction industry</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Pennsylvania">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1981)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp., 458 U.S. 419 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Telecommunications</topic>
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              <topic>Rental Property</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Just Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Takings Clause</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Governmental Action</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Police Powers</topic>
              <topic>Television and Film</topic>
              <topic>Physical Occupation</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Landlord Fees</topic>
              <topic>Educational Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Communications</topic>
              <topic>Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
              <topic>Landlord</topic>
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              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
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                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Police Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Television and Film</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Physical Occupation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Landlord Fees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Educational Benefits</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-160-01</docketId>
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              <respondent>Cable TV</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="New York">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (takings clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Washington v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1, 458 U.S. 457 (1982)</title>
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              <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
              <topic>Board of Directors</topic>
              <topic>School Administration</topic>
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              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Integration</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Mandatory Busing</topic>
              <topic>Minority Students</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Racial Imbalance</topic>
              <topic>Racial Classification</topic>
              <topic>Desegregation</topic>
              <topic>Public Schools</topic>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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              <topic>School Board</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Board of Directors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School Administration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Integration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mandatory Busing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Students</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racial Imbalance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racial Classification</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Desegregation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School Board</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Desegregation, Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-161-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Washington">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Washington">Local school district or board of education</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Washington Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-03-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lehman v. Lycoming County Children&apos;s Services, 458 U.S. 502 (1982)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Judges</topic>
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              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Adoption and Foster Care</topic>
              <topic>State Interest</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Child Custody</topic>
              <topic>Parental Incapacity</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Individual Liberty</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Termination of Parental Rights</topic>
              <topic>Family Law</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Child Welfare</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Parental Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judges</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Adoption and Foster Care</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Families</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Child Custody</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Parental Incapacity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Individual Liberty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Termination of Parental Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Family Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Child Welfare</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-162-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Parent or parents</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Pennsylvania">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Pennsylvania">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-03-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>28 U.S.C. �� 2241-2255 (habeas corpus)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Crawford v .Los Angeles Board of Education, 458 U.S. 527 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 527</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-527</identifier>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Busing</topic>
              <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
              <topic>Education</topic>
              <topic>School Administration</topic>
              <topic>Mandatory Reassignment</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Minority Students</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>State Interest</topic>
              <topic>Desegregation</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>State Law</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>School District</topic>
              <topic>Desegregation, Schools</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
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              <decisionDate>1982-06-30</decisionDate>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Busing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School Administration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mandatory Reassignment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Students</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Desegregation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School District</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Desegregation, Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-163-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Racial or ethnic minority</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">Local school district or board of education</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-03-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-527</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Griffin v. Oceanic Contractors, Inc., 458 U.S. 564 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 564</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-564</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5fd9f</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Sufficient Cause</topic>
              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
              <topic>Ships and Boats</topic>
              <topic>Seaman</topic>
              <topic>Vessels</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Injury</topic>
              <topic>Pipelines</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Welding</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-458-564</accessId>
              <reportNumber>564</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1982-06-30</decisionDate>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Sufficient Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ships and Boats</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Seaman</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Vessels</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pipelines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Welding</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-164-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Water transportation, stevedore</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-04-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Jones, or Death on the High Seas</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Velde v. National Black Police Assn., 458 U.S. 591 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 591</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-591</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
              <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
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              <fullCitation>458 U.S. 591 (1982)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-165-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Racial or ethnic minority</petitioner>
              <respondent>Department of Justice or Attorney General</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-12-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Alfred L. Snapp &amp; Son, Inc. v. Puerto Rico, 458 U.S. 592 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 592</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-592</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Apple</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Clearance System</topic>
              <topic>Employment-Based Immigration</topic>
              <topic>Temporary and Part-Time Employment</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Standing</topic>
              <topic>Caribbean</topic>
              <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Puerto Rico</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Economy</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Migrant Labor</topic>
              <topic>Farmland</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Workers</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Standing to Sue: Parens Patriae Standing</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1981, June 28 through September 20, 1982, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;Alfred L. Snapp &amp; Son, Inc. v. Puerto Rico, 458 U.S. 592 (1982);458 U.S. 592</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-458-592</accessId>
              <reportNumber>592</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>26</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1982-07-01</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1981</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>458 U.S. 592</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>458 U.S. 592 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Apple</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Clearance System</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employment-Based Immigration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Temporary and Part-Time Employment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Standing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Caribbean</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Puerto Rico</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Migrant Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Farmland</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Workers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Parens Patriae Standing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-166-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Farmer, farm worker, or farm organization</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Puerto Rico">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Labor</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-04-20</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-592</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-458/pdf/USREPORTS-458-592.pdf</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Rogers v. Lodge, 458 U.S. 613 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 613</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-613</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">458 U.S. 613 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">458 U.S. 613</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5fdc0</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
              <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Plurality</topic>
              <topic>Diluting Voting Power</topic>
              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Candidates</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
              <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Census</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Districts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Voting</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1981, June 28 through September 20, 1982, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;Rogers v. Lodge, 458 U.S. 613 (1982);458 U.S. 613</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
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              <reportNumber>613</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1982-07-01</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1981</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>458 U.S. 613</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>458 U.S. 613 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Plurality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Diluting Voting Power</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Candidates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Census</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Districts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Voting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-167-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Georgia">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</petitioner>
              <respondent>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Georgia Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-02-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Municipal or other local ordinance unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-613</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Rice v. Norman Williams Co., 458 U.S. 654 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 654</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-654</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">458 U.S. 654 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">458 U.S. 654</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5fdaf</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Wholesalers</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
              <topic>Distribution Chain</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Designation Statute</topic>
              <topic>Supremacy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Licensed Importer</topic>
              <topic>Distiller</topic>
              <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1981, June 28 through September 20, 1982, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;Rice v. Norman Williams Co., 458 U.S. 654 (1982);458 U.S. 654</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>654</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>28</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1982-07-01</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1981</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>458 U.S. 654</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>458 U.S. 654 (1982)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wholesalers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Distribution Chain</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Designation Statute</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Supremacy Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Licensed Importer</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Distiller</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-168-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Establishment serving liquor by the glass, or package liquor store</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Appellate Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-04-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sherman</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-654</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Florida Dept. of State v. Treasure Salvors, Inc., 458 U.S. 670 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 670</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-670</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">458 U.S. 670 (1982)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">458 U.S. 670</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5fd3e</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Bodies of Water</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Ships and Boats</topic>
              <topic>Environment</topic>
              <topic>Artifacts</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Land Titles</topic>
              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Territories and Protectorates</topic>
              <topic>Public Taking</topic>
              <topic>Warrant</topic>
              <topic>Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Possession</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Buildings and Property</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Galleon</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Government Property</topic>
              <topic>Treasure</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Salvage</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1981, June 28 through September 20, 1982, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;Florida Dept. of State v. Treasure Salvors, Inc., 458 U.S. 670 (1982);458 U.S. 670</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-458-670</accessId>
              <reportNumber>670</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1982-07-01</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1981</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>458 U.S. 670</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>458 U.S. 670 (1982)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Bodies of Water</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ships and Boats</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Artifacts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Land Titles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Territories and Protectorates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Taking</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrant</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Possession</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Buildings and Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Galleon</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Treasure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Salvage</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-169-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Florida">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-01-20</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eleventh Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-670</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan, 458 U.S. 718 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 718</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-718</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">458 U.S. 718 (1982)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5fda0</identifier>
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              <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
              <topic>Higher Education</topic>
              <topic>Nursing</topic>
              <topic>Single-Sex Education</topic>
              <topic>Education</topic>
              <topic>School Administration</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Affirmative Action</topic>
              <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Enrollment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Medical Personnel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Higher Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nursing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Single-Sex Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Affirmative Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Enrollment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-170-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Mississippi">State college or university</petitioner>
              <respondent>Student, or applicant for admission to an educational institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Mississippi">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
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              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of the Press</topic>
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              <topic>Overbroad</topic>
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              <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
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              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Compelling State Interest</topic>
              <topic>Television and Film</topic>
              <topic>Sexual Exploitation</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Child Pornography</topic>
              <topic>Communications</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sexual Performance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of the Press</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pornography</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Overbroad</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutionality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Compelling State Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Television and Film</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sexual Exploitation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Child Pornography</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Communications</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-171-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Bookstore, newsstand, printer, bindery, purveyor or distributor of books or magazines</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-04-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Enmund v. Florida, 458 U.S. 782 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 782</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-782</identifier>
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              <topic>Maintenance of Public Order</topic>
              <topic>Felony Murder</topic>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Premeditation and Deliberation</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Motor Vehicles</topic>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
              <topic>Crime Prevention</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Weapons</topic>
              <topic>Excessive Penalty</topic>
              <topic>Disproportionality</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Aid and Abet</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Aggravating Circumstances</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>National Security</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Intent</topic>
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                   <topic>Culpability</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Felony Murder</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Premeditation and Deliberation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Witnesses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime Prevention</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Excessive Penalty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Disproportionality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aid and Abet</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aggravating Circumstances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Robbery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Testimony</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Intent</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-172-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Florida">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ramah Navajo School Bd. v. Bureau of Revenue, 458 U.S. 832 (1982)</title>
              <partNumber>458 U.S. 832</partNumber>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-458/USREPORTS-458-832</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">458 U.S. 832</identifier>
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              <topic>Corporate Income Tax</topic>
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              <topic>School Administration</topic>
              <topic>Indian Financing Act</topic>
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              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Tribal Organization</topic>
              <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Bureau of Indian Affairs (B.I.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Public Lands</topic>
              <topic>Gross Receipts Tax</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Tribal Affairs</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Native Americans</topic>
              <topic>Building Construction</topic>
              <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
              <topic>Public Schools</topic>
              <topic>North America</topic>
              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Ramah Navajo</topic>
              <topic>Nonprofit Corporations</topic>
              <topic>Tribal Independence</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
              <topic>School Board</topic>
              <topic>Navajo Tribe</topic>
              <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
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                   <topic>Corporate Income Tax</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School Administration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indian Financing Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tribal Organization</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bureau of Indian Affairs (B.I.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Lands</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gross Receipts Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tribal Affairs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Americans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Building Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>North America</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ramah Navajo</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonprofit Corporations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tribal Independence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School Board</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1981-173-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Construction industry</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Mexico">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="New Mexico">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <caseSource state="New Mexico">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1982-04-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Valenzuela-Bernal, 458 U.S. 858 (1982)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Motor Vehicles</topic>
              <topic>Deportation</topic>
              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Investigators</topic>
              <topic>Compulsory Process</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
              <topic>Fair Trial</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Regulation</topic>
              <topic>Border Security</topic>
              <topic>Smuggling</topic>
              <topic>Undocumented Immigration</topic>
              <topic>Immigration</topic>
              <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Citizenship and Nationality</topic>
              <topic>Executive Powers</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Conceivable Benefit</topic>
              <topic>Confrontation (Right to Confront Accuser, Call and Cross-Examine Witnesses)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Deportation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Investigators</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Compulsory Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Witnesses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration Regulation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Border Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Smuggling</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Undocumented Immigration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Confrontation (Right to Confront Accuser, Call and Cross-Examine Witnesses)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Concerted Action</topic>
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              <docketId>1981-175-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Racial or ethnic minority</petitioner>
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1981-176-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1981-177-01</docketId>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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