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                   <topic>Nuisance</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-134-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New Jersey">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</petitioner>
              <respondent>Fisherman or fishing company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-02-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Water Pollution Control (Clean Water), plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Schweiker v. Gray Panthers, 453 U.S. 34 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 34</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-34</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">453 U.S. 34 (1981)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">453 U.S. 34</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5e1e5</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Indigent</topic>
              <topic>Spouse</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Medicaid</topic>
              <topic>Marriage and Family Status</topic>
              <topic>Blind and Visually Impaired</topic>
              <topic>Public Health and Welfare Law</topic>
              <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <reportNumber>34</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>9</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1981-06-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 34</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indigent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Spouse</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Families</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Medicaid</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marriage and Family Status</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Blind and Visually Impaired</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Health and Welfare Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-135-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
              <respondent>Elderly person, or organization dedicated to the elderly</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-04-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Medicaid provisions of the Social Security Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Rostker v. Goldberg, 453 U.S. 57 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 57</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-57</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">453 U.S. 57 (1981)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">453 U.S. 57</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5e1d8</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Gender Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Draft</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>National Security</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Selective Service</topic>
              <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1980, June 25 through October 2, 1981, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;Rostker v. Goldberg, 453 U.S. 57 (1981);453 U.S. 57</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-453-57</accessId>
              <reportNumber>57</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>10</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1981-06-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 57</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 57 (1981)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Gender Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Draft</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Selective Service</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-136-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Selective Service System</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person subject to selective service, including conscientious objector</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-03-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Selective Service, Military Selective Service, or Universal Military Service and Training Acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>U.S. Postal Service v. Greenburgh Civic Assns., 453 U.S. 114 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 114</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-114</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">453 U.S. 114 (1981)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5e1d9</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Receptacle</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Deposits</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>New York</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Mail</topic>
              <topic>Postal Service</topic>
              <topic>Mailbox</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Mail Routes and Transit</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-453-114</accessId>
              <reportNumber>114</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>11</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1981-06-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 114</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 114 (1981)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Receptacle</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Deposits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mail</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Postal Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mailbox</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mail Routes and Transit</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-137-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Postal Service and Post Office, or Postmaster General, or Postmaster</petitioner>
              <respondent>Nonprofit organization or business</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-04-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-114</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lehman v. Nakshian, 453 U.S. 156 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 156</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-156</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">453 U.S. 156 (1981)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">453 U.S. 156</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5e1ed</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Navy</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Equitable Relief</topic>
              <topic>Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Washington, D.C.</topic>
              <topic>Age Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
              <topic>National Security</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Jury Trial (Right To, as Distinct from Extra-Legal Jury Influences)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1980, June 25 through October 2, 1981, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;Lehman v. Nakshian, 453 U.S. 156 (1981);453 U.S. 156</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-453-156</accessId>
              <reportNumber>156</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>12</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1981-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 156</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 156 (1981)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Navy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equitable Relief</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Washington, D.C.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Age Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Trial (Right To, as Distinct from Extra-Legal Jury Influences)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-138-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-03-31</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Age Discrimination in Employment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-156</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>California Medical Assn. v. FEC, 453 U.S. 182 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 182</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-182</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">453 U.S. 182 (1981)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">453 U.S. 182</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5e1e8</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Campaign Finance</topic>
              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>En Banc</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
              <topic>Corruption</topic>
              <topic>Candidates</topic>
              <topic>Campaign Spending (Cf. Governmental Corruption):</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1980, June 25 through October 2, 1981, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;California Medical Assn. v. FEC, 453 U.S. 182 (1981);453 U.S. 182</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>182</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>13</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1981-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 182</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 182 (1981)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Campaign Finance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>En Banc</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corruption</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Candidates</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Campaign Spending (Cf. Governmental Corruption):</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-139-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society</petitioner>
              <respondent>Federal Election Commission</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-01-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Election Campaign</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>McCarty v. McCarty, 453 U.S. 210 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 210</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Army</topic>
              <topic>Divorce</topic>
              <topic>Community Property</topic>
              <topic>Military Law</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>National Security</topic>
              <topic>Retirement Pay</topic>
              <topic>Family Law</topic>
              <topic>National Supremacy: Marital and Family Relationships and Property, Including Obligation of Child Support</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
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                   <topic>Army</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Divorce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Community Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Families</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Retirement Pay</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Family Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>National Supremacy: Marital and Family Relationships and Property, Including Obligation of Child Support</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-140-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Husband, or ex-husband</petitioner>
              <respondent>Wife, or ex-wife</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-03-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Newport v. Fact Concerts, Inc.,, 453 U.S. 247 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 247</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-247</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">453 U.S. 247 (1981)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Damages</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1981-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 247</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 247 (1981)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Damages</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-141-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Rhode Island">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Holder of a license or permit, or applicant therefor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Rhode Island U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-03-31</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Haig v. Agee, 453 U.S. 280 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 280</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-280</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5e1e1</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Communists</topic>
              <topic>Travel</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Espionage</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Country</topic>
              <topic>Passport Revocation</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>National Security</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Internal Security Legislation: Smith, Internal Security, and Related Federal Statutes</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1980, June 25 through October 2, 1981, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;Haig v. Agee, 453 U.S. 280 (1981);453 U.S. 280</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-453-280</accessId>
              <reportNumber>280</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>16</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1981-06-29</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 280</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Communists</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Travel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Espionage</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Country</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Passport Revocation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal or State Internal Security Legislation: Smith, Internal Security, and Related Federal Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-142-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person traveling or wishing to travel abroad, or overseas travel agent</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of State</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-01-14</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>NLRB v. Amax Coal Co., 453 U.S. 322 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 322</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-322</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">453 U.S. 322 (1981)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">453 U.S. 322</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5e1db</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
              <topic>Welfare Trust Fund</topic>
              <topic>Fiduciary</topic>
              <topic>Appointed</topic>
              <topic>Trust Fund</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Union Trust Funds (Cf. ERISA)</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-453-322</accessId>
              <reportNumber>322</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>17</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1981-06-29</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 322</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 322 (1981)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Welfare Trust Fund</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fiduciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Appointed</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trust Fund</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Union Trust Funds (Cf. ERISA)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-143-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-04-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Labor-Management Relations</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>California v. Prysock, 453 U.S. 355 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 355</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-355</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">453 U.S. 355 (1981)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">453 U.S. 355</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Miranda Warning</topic>
              <topic>Order of Warning</topic>
              <topic>Miranda V. Arizona</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Miranda Warnings</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
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              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 355 (1981)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Miranda Warning</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Order of Warning</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miranda V. Arizona</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Miranda Warnings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-144-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (Miranda warnings)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-355</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>CBS, Inc. v. FCC, 453 U.S. 367 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 367</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-367</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Licensee</topic>
              <topic>Communications Law</topic>
              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>News Media and Reporting</topic>
              <topic>Network</topic>
              <topic>Political Advertising</topic>
              <topic>Presidential</topic>
              <topic>Public Interest</topic>
              <topic>Communications</topic>
              <topic>Broadcasting</topic>
              <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Public Utilities Regulation: Radio and Television (Cf. Cable Television)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1980, June 25 through October 2, 1981, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;CBS, Inc. v. FCC, 453 U.S. 367 (1981);453 U.S. 367</searchTitle>
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              <decisionDate>1981-07-01</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 367</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Licensee</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Communications Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>News Media and Reporting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Network</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Political Advertising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Presidential</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Communications</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Broadcasting</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Public Utilities Regulation: Radio and Television (Cf. Cable Television)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-145-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Radio and television network, except cable tv</petitioner>
              <respondent>Federal Communications Commission (including a predecessor, Federal Radio Commission)</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Communications Commission (including a predecessor, Federal Radio Commission)</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-03-03</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Communication Act of 1934, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Robbins v. California, 453 U.S. 420 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 420</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-420</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">453 U.S. 420</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Drug Trafficking</topic>
              <topic>Marijuana</topic>
              <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Closed Luggage</topic>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <reportNumber>420</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>20</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1981-07-01</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 420</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 420 (1981)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Drug Trafficking</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marijuana</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Closed Luggage</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-146-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-04-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>New York v. Belton, 453 U.S. 454 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 454</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-454</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">453 U.S. 454 (1981)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">453 U.S. 454</identifier>
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              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Marijuana</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1980, June 25 through October 2, 1981, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;New York v. Belton, 453 U.S. 454 (1981);453 U.S. 454</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-453-454</accessId>
              <reportNumber>454</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1981-07-01</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 454</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 454 (1981)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marijuana</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-147-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-04-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Gulf Offshore Co. v. Mobil Oil Corp., 453 U.S. 473 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 473</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-473</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5e1d1</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
              <topic>Ships and Boats</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Platform</topic>
              <topic>Damages</topic>
              <topic>Shelf</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>Personal Injury</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1980, June 25 through October 2, 1981, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers, end of term;Gulf Offshore Co. v. Mobil Oil Corp., 453 U.S. 473 (1981);453 U.S. 473</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-453-473</accessId>
              <reportNumber>473</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>22</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1981-07-01</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 473</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 473 (1981)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ships and Boats</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Platform</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Shelf</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Personal Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-148-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Oil company, or natural gas producer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Oil company, or natural gas producer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Texas">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Texas">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Conflict between federal court and state court</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-03-31</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego, 453 U.S. 490 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 490</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-490</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">453 U.S. 490 (1981)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">453 U.S. 490</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5e1d4</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Police Powers</topic>
              <topic>Billboard</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Advertising</topic>
              <topic>Ordinance</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Communications</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Advertising Displays</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Speech, Excluding Attorneys</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-453-490</accessId>
              <reportNumber>490</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>23</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1981-07-02</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>453 U.S. 490</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 490 (1981)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Police Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Billboard</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Advertising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ordinance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Communications</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Advertising Displays</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Speech, Excluding Attorneys</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-149-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Advertising business or agency</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-02-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Municipal or other local ordinance unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Arkansas Louisiana Gas Co. v. Hall, 453 U.S. 571 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 571</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-453/USREPORTS-453-571</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Rates and Fees</topic>
              <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
              <topic>Schedule</topic>
              <topic>Seller</topic>
              <topic>Damages</topic>
              <topic>Ceiling</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Price</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <reportNumber>571</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
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              <courtTerm>1980</courtTerm>
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              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 571 (1981)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Rates and Fees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Schedule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Seller</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ceiling</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Price</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-150-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Buyer, purchaser</petitioner>
              <respondent>Seller or vendor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Power Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Louisiana">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Louisiana">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1981-04-20</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Natural Gas, or Natural Gas Policy Acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana, 453 U.S. 609 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 609</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Transit</topic>
              <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
              <topic>Royalty</topic>
              <topic>Energy</topic>
              <topic>Lease</topic>
              <topic>Severance Tax</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>Coal</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
              <topic>Interstate</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <fullCitation>453 U.S. 609 (1981)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Transit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Royalty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lease</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Severance Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Coal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-151-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Coal company or coal mine operator</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Montana">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Montana">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Montana">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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              <dateArgument>1981-03-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Dames &amp; Moore v. Regan, 453 U.S. 654 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 654</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Tribunal</topic>
              <topic>Declaration</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Settlement</topic>
              <topic>International Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
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                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tribunal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Declaration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Settlement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>International Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1980-152-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Creditor, including institution appearing as such, e.g., a finance company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Department or Secretary of the Treasury</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of the Treasury</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>California Central U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Orders</title>
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              <title>South Park School Dist. v. United States, 453 U.S. 1301 (1981)</title>
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              <topic>Education</topic>
              <topic>Children</topic>
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                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Desegregation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School District</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Children</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Segregation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Metropolitan County Bd. of Ed. v. Kelley, 453 U.S. 1306 (1981)</title>
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              <topic>Tennessee</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Desegregation</topic>
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                   <topic>Nashville</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tennessee</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Desegregation</topic>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Los Angeles v. Lyons, 453 U.S. 1308 (1981)</title>
              <partNumber>453 U.S. 1308</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Suspects</topic>
              <topic>Choke Hold</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Unnecessary Force</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Los Angeles</topic>
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                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Suspects</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Choke Hold</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unnecessary Force</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Los Angeles</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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              <title>Statement</title>
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