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                   <topic>Constitutional Violation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right of Recovery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Agent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-072-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="United States">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Indiana Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-01-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Tort Claims, or Alien Tort Statute</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Mobile v. Bolden, 446 U.S. 55 (1979)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-55</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">446 U.S. 55 (1979)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Power</topic>
              <topic>Fifteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Vote Dilution</topic>
              <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
              <topic>Executive Poser</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Gerrymandering</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Power</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fifteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Vote Dilution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Executive Poser</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Voting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-073-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Alabama">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Alabama Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1979-03-19</dateArgument>
              <dateRearg>1979-10-29</dateRearg>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifteenth Amendment (other provisions)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Wengler v. Druggists Mutual Ins. Co., 446 U.S. 142 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 142</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-142</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">446 U.S. 142 (1980)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Surviving Spouse</topic>
              <topic>Widows and Widowers</topic>
              <topic>Sex-Based Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Gender Based Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Death Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Death and Dying</topic>
              <topic>Salary and Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Workers&apos; Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Missouri</topic>
              <topic>Social Security Disability Insurance (S.S.D.I.)</topic>
              <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1979, April 21 through June 5, 1980, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Wengler v. Druggists Mutual Ins. Co., 446 U.S. 142 (1980);446 U.S. 142</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-446-142</accessId>
              <reportNumber>142</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1980-04-22</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>446 U.S. 142</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>446 U.S. 142 (1980)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Surviving Spouse</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Widows and Widowers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex-Based Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gender Based Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Death Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Death and Dying</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Salary and Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Workers&apos; Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Missouri</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security Disability Insurance (S.S.D.I.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-074-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Husband, or ex-husband</petitioner>
              <respondent>Insurance company, or surety</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Missouri">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Missouri">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Missouri">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-02-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>City of Rome v. United States, 446 U.S. 156 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 156</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-156</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">446 U.S. 156 (1980)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">446 U.S. 156</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5bb4c</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
              <topic>Race-Based Voting Restrictions</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
              <topic>Purposeful Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1979, April 21 through June 5, 1980, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;City of Rome v. United States, 446 U.S. 156 (1980);446 U.S. 156</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-446-156</accessId>
              <reportNumber>156</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>10</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1980-04-22</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>446 U.S. 156</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>446 U.S. 156 (1980)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Race-Based Voting Restrictions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Purposeful Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-075-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Alabama">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department of Justice or Attorney General</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1979-10-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Voting Rights Act of 1965, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Baldasar v. Illinois, 446 U.S. 222 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 222</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-222</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">446 U.S. 222 (1980)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">446 U.S. 222</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Enhanced Sentence</topic>
              <topic>Uncounseled</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Misdemeanor Case</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1980-04-22</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>446 U.S. 222</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>446 U.S. 222 (1980)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Enhanced Sentence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Uncounseled</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Misdemeanor Case</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-076-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Indigent defendant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Illinois">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1979-11-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to counsel)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Williams v. Brown, 446 U.S. 236 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 236</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-236</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">446 U.S. 236 (1980)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">446 U.S. 236</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5bb48</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Voting</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1980-04-22</decisionDate>
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Voting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-077-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Alabama">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Alabama Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1979-03-19</dateArgument>
              <dateRearg>1979-10-29</dateRearg>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifteenth Amendment (other provisions)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Marshall v. Jerrico, 446 U.S. 238 (1980)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Reimbursement Provision</topic>
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              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Child Labor</topic>
              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938</topic>
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              <topic>Business Compliance</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Impartial Decision Maker</topic>
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                   <topic>Reimbursement Provision</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Penalty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unlawful Employment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process: Impartial Decision Maker</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-078-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Labor</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Labor</adminAction>
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              <caseSource>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fair Labor Standards</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Louisiana, 446 U.S. 253 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 253</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Congressional Duties and Powers</topic>
              <topic>Submerged Lands Act of 1953</topic>
              <topic>Law of the Sea</topic>
              <topic>Special Master</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Leases</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
              <topic>State Powers</topic>
              <topic>Submerged Lands Act (Cf. Federal-State Ownership Dispute)</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>446 U.S. 253</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Congressional Duties and Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Submerged Lands Act of 1953</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law of the Sea</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Special Master</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Leases</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Powers</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Submerged Lands Act (Cf. Federal-State Ownership Dispute)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-079-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Louisiana">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-03-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>American Expert Lines, Inc. v. Alvez, 446 U.S. 274 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 274</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-274</identifier>
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              <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
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              <topic>Workers Claims</topic>
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              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Widows and Widowers</topic>
              <topic>Maritime Personal Injury</topic>
              <topic>Loss of Consortium</topic>
              <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>446 U.S. 274</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>446 U.S. 274 (1980)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Death and Dying</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Workers Claims</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Widows and Widowers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime Personal Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Loss of Consortium</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-080-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Water transportation, stevedore</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Conflict between federal court and state court</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-02-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. 291 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 291</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-291</identifier>
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              <topic>Absence of Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Miranda Rights</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Self-Incrimination Privilege</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Miranda V. Arizona</topic>
              <topic>Miranda Warnings</topic>
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                   <topic>Absence of Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miranda Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Self-Incrimination Privilege</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miranda V. Arizona</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Miranda Warnings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-081-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Rhode Island">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Rhode Island">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Rhode Island">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1979-10-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (Miranda warnings)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>General Telephone Company v. EEOC, 446 U.S. 318 (1980)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Employment Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Sex-Based Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Title VII</topic>
              <topic>Gender Based Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Back Pay</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Enforcement Action</topic>
              <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
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              <usCitation>446 U.S. 318</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Employment Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex-Based Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Title VII</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gender Based Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Back Pay</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Enforcement Action</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-082-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Telephone, telecommunications, or telegraph company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Washington Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1980-03-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Cuyler v. Sullivan, 446 U.S. 335 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 335</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Writ of Habeas Corpus</topic>
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              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Effective Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Joint Representation</topic>
              <topic>Conflicting Interest</topic>
              <topic>Multiple Representation</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-446-335</accessId>
              <reportNumber>335</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1980-05-12</decisionDate>
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              <usCitation>446 U.S. 335</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Writ of Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Effective Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Joint Representation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicting Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Multiple Representation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-083-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Pennsylvania">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-02-20</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>28 U.S.C. �� 2241-2255 (habeas corpus)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Nachman Corp. v. Pension Benefit Guar. Corp., 446 U.S. 359 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 359</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-359</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">446 U.S. 359 (1980)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">446 U.S. 359</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Retirement Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Participation and Vesting</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Plan Termination</topic>
              <topic>Pensions and Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act of (E.R.I.S.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Cf. Union Trust Funds)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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              <reportNumber>359</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1980-05-12</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>446 U.S. 359</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>446 U.S. 359 (1980)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Retirement Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Participation and Vesting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Plan Termination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pensions and Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act of (E.R.I.S.A.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Cf. Union Trust Funds)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-084-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-01-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Employee Retirement Income Security, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Busic v. United States, 446 U.S. 398 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 398</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-398</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">446 U.S. 398</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Enhanced Sentence</topic>
              <topic>Weapons Offense</topic>
              <topic>Weapons</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing Guidelines</topic>
              <topic>Assault on Federal Officers</topic>
              <topic>Assault and Battery</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Possession of Weapon</topic>
              <topic>Enhancement Provision</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Firearms</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1979, April 21 through June 5, 1980, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Busic v. United States, 446 U.S. 398 (1980);446 U.S. 398</searchTitle>
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              <decisionDate>1980-05-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>446 U.S. 398</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>446 U.S. 398 (1980)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Enhanced Sentence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Weapons Offense</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Weapons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing Guidelines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Assault on Federal Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Assault and Battery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Possession of Weapon</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Enhancement Provision</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Firearms</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-085-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-02-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets, National Firearms, Organized Crime Control, Comprehensive Crime Control, or Gun Control Acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Godfrey v. Georgia, 446 U.S. 420 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 420</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-420</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">446 U.S. 420 (1980)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">446 U.S. 420</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5bb58</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Death Sentence</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Aggravated Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Aggravating Circumstances</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1979, April 21 through June 5, 1980, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Godfrey v. Georgia, 446 U.S. 420 (1980);446 U.S. 420</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>420</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>21</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1980-05-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>446 U.S. 420</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>446 U.S. 420 (1980)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Death Sentence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aggravated Offenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aggravating Circumstances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-086-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Georgia">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Georgia">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Georgia">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-02-20</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Navarro Savings Assn. v. Lee, 446 U.S. 458 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 458</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-458</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">446 U.S. 458 (1980)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">446 U.S. 458</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Diversity Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Unincorporated Association</topic>
              <topic>Declaration of Trust</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Certificate Holder</topic>
              <topic>Place of Incorporation</topic>
              <topic>Business Trust</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Miscellaneous</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1979, April 21 through June 5, 1980, together with opinions of individual justices in chambers;Navarro Savings Assn. v. Lee, 446 U.S. 458 (1980);446 U.S. 458</searchTitle>
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              <decisionDate>1980-05-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>446 U.S. 458</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>446 U.S. 458 (1980)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Diversity Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unincorporated Association</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Declaration of Trust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Certificate Holder</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Place of Incorporation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Business Trust</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-087-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Management, executive officer, or director, of business entity</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-03-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Diversity jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Board of Regents v. Tomanio, 446 U.S. 478 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 478</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">446 U.S. 478 (1980)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Examinations</topic>
              <topic>Affirmative Defense</topic>
              <topic>Section 1983 Action</topic>
              <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Res Judicata</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Untimely Filing</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Examinations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Affirmative Defense</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Section 1983 Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Res Judicata</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Untimely Filing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-088-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State college or university</petitioner>
              <respondent>Holder of a license or permit, or applicant therefor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="New York">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-02-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Grassland Management</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
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                   <topic>Best Use</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Lands</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-089-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of the Interior</petitioner>
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              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of the Interior</adminAction>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Texas v. New Mexico, 446 U.S. 540 (1980)</title>
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                   <topic>Special Master</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1979-090-01</docketId>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Mendenhall, 446 U.S. 544 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 544</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Consent to Search</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Warrantless Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Suppression</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Investigative Stop</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
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                   <topic>Reasonable Suspicion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Scope of Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drug Trafficking</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-091-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Michigan Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Harrison v. PPG Industries, Inc., 446 U.S. 578 (1980)</title>
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              <topic>Petition for Review</topic>
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              <topic>Clean Air Act (C.A.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
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                   <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Air Quality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ejusdem Generis</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1979-092-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator</petitioner>
              <respondent>Chemical company</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Buy Indian Act</topic>
              <topic>Bureau of Indian Affairs (B.I.A.)</topic>
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              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Procurement</topic>
              <topic>Advertising</topic>
              <topic>Indians (Other than Pertains to State Jurisdiction Over)</topic>
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                   <topic>American Indians</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Indians (Other than Pertains to State Jurisdiction Over)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-093-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of the Interior</petitioner>
              <respondent>Government contractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Bureau of Indian Affairs</adminAction>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Conflicting Defenses</topic>
              <topic>Self-Incrimination (Other than as Pertains to Miranda or Immunity from Prosecution)</topic>
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              <usCitation>446 U.S. 620</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Cross Examination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Direct Testimony</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Obstruction of Justice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inadmissible</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrantless Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Impeachment at Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tainted Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Direct Examination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Exclusionary Rule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicting Defenses</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Self-Incrimination (Other than as Pertains to Miranda or Immunity from Prosecution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-094-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-03-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Exclusionary Rule (Fourth Amendment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Gomez v. Toledo, 446 U.S. 635 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 635</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-635</identifier>
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              <topic>Section 1983</topic>
              <topic>Protected Classes</topic>
              <topic>Local Officials</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Official Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Qualified Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Protection of Rights</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
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              <fullCitation>446 U.S. 635 (1980)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Section 1983</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Protected Classes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Local Officials</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Official Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Qualified Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Protection of Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-095-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Puerto Rico">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Puerto Rico">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Puerto Rico">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Puerto Rico U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-04-16</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Catalano, Inc. v. Target Sales, Inc., 446 U.S. 643 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 643</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-643</identifier>
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              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
              <topic>Horizontal Restraints</topic>
              <topic>Rule of Reason</topic>
              <topic>Regulated Industries</topic>
              <topic>Price Fixing</topic>
              <topic>Restraints of Trade</topic>
              <topic>Per Se Rule</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>643</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1980-05-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>446 U.S. 643</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Horizontal Restraints</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rule of Reason</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Regulated Industries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Price Fixing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Restraints of Trade</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Per Se Rule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-096-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Establishment serving liquor by the glass, or package liquor store</petitioner>
              <respondent>Distributor, importer, or exporter of alcoholic beverages</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sherman</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Harris v. Rosario, 446 U.S. 651 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 651</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-651</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">446 U.S. 651 (1980)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">446 U.S. 651</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5bb45</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
              <topic>Caribbean</topic>
              <topic>Aid to Families with Dependent Children (A.F.D.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Puerto Rico</topic>
              <topic>Child Welfare Act</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Constitutional</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <sequenceNumber>32</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1980-05-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>446 U.S. 651</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>446 U.S. 651 (1980)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Caribbean</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aid to Families with Dependent Children (A.F.D.C.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Puerto Rico</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Child Welfare Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty Law, Constitutional</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-097-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indigent, needy, welfare recipient</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Puerto Rico">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Puerto Rico U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Puerto Rico U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Andrus v. Shell Oil Co., 446 U.S. 657 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 657</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-446/USREPORTS-446-657</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5bb42</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
              <topic>Energy</topic>
              <topic>Oil Shale</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Leasing Act of 1920</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
              <topic>Public Lands</topic>
              <topic>General Mining Law of 1872</topic>
              <topic>Discovery and Exploration</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Leases</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
              <topic>Mining Law</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1980-06-02</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1979</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Oil Shale</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Leasing Act of 1920</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Lands</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>General Mining Law of 1872</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discovery and Exploration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Leases</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mining Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1979-098-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of the Interior</petitioner>
              <respondent>Oil company, or natural gas producer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of the Interior</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Colorado U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1980-01-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Aaron v. SEC, 446 U.S. 680 (1980)</title>
              <partNumber>446 U.S. 680</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Securities Act of 1933</topic>
              <topic>Securities Fraud</topic>
              <topic>Scienter Requirement</topic>
              <topic>Mens REA</topic>
              <topic>Investment Advisors</topic>
              <topic>Blue Sky Laws</topic>
              <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
              <topic>Federal Securities</topic>
              <topic>Securities Exchange Act of 1934</topic>
              <topic>Intent to Defraud</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Enforcement Action</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities Act of 1933</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities Fraud</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Scienter Requirement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mens REA</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Investment Advisors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Blue Sky Laws</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities Exchange Act of 1934</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intent to Defraud</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Enforcement Action</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1979-099-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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              <docketId>1979-101-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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