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              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Perjury</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Untruthfulness</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Impermissible</topic>
              <topic>Rehabilitation</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1977, June 26 through July 3, 1978, end of term;United States v. Grayson, 438 U.S. 41 (1978);438 U.S. 41</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-438-41</accessId>
              <reportNumber>41</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>7</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1978-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>438 U.S. 41</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Presentence Report</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Perjury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Untruthfulness</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Impermissible</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rehabilitation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-139-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1978-02-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Duke Power Co. v. Carolina Env. Study Group, 438 U.S. 59 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 59</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-59</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">438 U.S. 59 (1978)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">438 U.S. 59</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d588a5</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Reactor</topic>
              <topic>Energy</topic>
              <topic>Liability Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Nuclear Power</topic>
              <topic>North Carolina</topic>
              <topic>Provisions</topic>
              <topic>Statutes</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Plants</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Public Utilities Regulation: Nuclear Power</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1977, June 26 through July 3, 1978, end of term;Duke Power Co. v. Carolina Env. Study Group, 438 U.S. 59 (1978);438 U.S. 59</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-438-59</accessId>
              <reportNumber>59</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>8</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1978-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>438 U.S. 59</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>438 U.S. 59 (1978)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Reactor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Liability Limitations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nuclear Power</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>North Carolina</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Provisions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Plants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Public Utilities Regulation: Nuclear Power</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-140-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Nuclear power plant or facility</petitioner>
              <respondent>Environmental organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>North Carolina Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>North Carolina Western U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1978-03-20</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Atomic Energy</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Penn Central Transp. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 104</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-104</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">438 U.S. 104 (1978)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">438 U.S. 104</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5889e</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Rights</topic>
              <topic>Ordinance</topic>
              <topic>Terminal</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Landmark</topic>
              <topic>New York</topic>
              <topic>Just Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Restrictions</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1977, June 26 through July 3, 1978, end of term;Penn Central Transp. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104 (1978);438 U.S. 104</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-438-104</accessId>
              <reportNumber>104</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>9</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1978-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>438 U.S. 104</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>438 U.S. 104 (1978)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ordinance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Terminal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Landmark</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Just Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Restrictions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-141-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Railroad</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New York">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="New York">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1978-04-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (takings clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-438-154" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-154/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 154</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-154</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">438 U.S. 154 (1978)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">438 U.S. 154</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d58896</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Crimes Against Children</topic>
              <topic>Veracity</topic>
              <topic>Informant</topic>
              <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
              <topic>Delaware</topic>
              <topic>En Banc</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Search Warrants</topic>
              <topic>Suppression</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Exclusionary Rule</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1977, June 26 through July 3, 1978, end of term;Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 (1978);438 U.S. 154</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-438-154</accessId>
              <reportNumber>154</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>10</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1978-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>438 U.S. 154</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>438 U.S. 154 (1978)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Crimes Against Children</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Veracity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Informant</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Delaware</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>En Banc</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search Warrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Suppression</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Exclusionary Rule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-142-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Delaware">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Delaware">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Delaware">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1978-02-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-438-189" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-189/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>McAdams v. McSurely, 438 U.S. 189 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 189</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-189</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">438 U.S. 189 (1978)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">438 U.S. 189</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d57b7d</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <sequenceNumber>11</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1978-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-144-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>U.S. Senator</petitioner>
              <respondent>Protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or nonindigent loiterer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1978-03-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Writ Improvidently Granted</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-189</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Berry v. Doles, 438 U.S. 190 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 190</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-190</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">438 U.S. 190 (1978)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">438 U.S. 190</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d588a2</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Polling Place</topic>
              <topic>Preclearance</topic>
              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>New Election</topic>
              <topic>Amicus Curiae</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdictional Statement</topic>
              <topic>Georgia</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-438-190</accessId>
              <reportNumber>190</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>12</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1978-06-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>438 U.S. 190</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>438 U.S. 190 (1978)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Polling Place</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Preclearance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New Election</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Amicus Curiae</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdictional Statement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Georgia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-143-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Georgia">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Georgia Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Georgia Middle U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Voting Rights Act of 1965, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Swisher v. Brady, 438 U.S. 204 (1978)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-204</identifier>
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              <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Maryland</topic>
              <topic>Adjudication Hearing</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Proposed Findings</topic>
              <topic>Juvenile Crime</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Fact Finder</topic>
              <topic>Juveniles (Cf. Rights of Illegitimates)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Delinquent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Adjudication Hearing</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Proposed Findings</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fact Finder</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Juveniles (Cf. Rights of Illegitimates)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-145-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Maryland">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Juvenile</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Maryland U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Maryland U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1978-03-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (double jeopardy)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus, 438 U.S. 234 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 234</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-234</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Retroactive</topic>
              <topic>Terminate</topic>
              <topic>Social Problem</topic>
              <topic>Pension Plans</topic>
              <topic>Retirement</topic>
              <topic>Contract Clause</topic>
              <topic>Minnesota</topic>
              <topic>Vesting</topic>
              <topic>Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Contractual Obligation</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Retroactive</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Terminate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Problem</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pension Plans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Retirement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contract Clause</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Vesting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-146-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Minnesota">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Minnesota">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Minnesota U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Minnesota U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1978-04-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 10, Paragraph 1 (contract clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>University of California Regents v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 265</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-265</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Race-Conscious</topic>
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              <topic>Remedial</topic>
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              <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Medical School</topic>
              <topic>Affirmative Action</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>Segregation</topic>
              <topic>Federal Funds</topic>
              <topic>Minority Groups</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Affirmative Action</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Race-Conscious</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Remedial</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Segregation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Funds</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Groups</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Institutions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Affirmative Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-147-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State college or university</petitioner>
              <respondent>Student, or applicant for admission to an educational institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="California">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-10-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 438 U.S. 422 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 422</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-422</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">438 U.S. 422 (1978)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
              <topic>Gypsum</topic>
              <topic>Indictment</topic>
              <topic>Foreman</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Stabilize</topic>
              <topic>Verification</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1977, June 26 through July 3, 1978, end of term;United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 438 U.S. 422 (1978);438 U.S. 422</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-438-422</accessId>
              <reportNumber>422</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>16</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1978-06-29</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>438 U.S. 422</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gypsum</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indictment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreman</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Stabilize</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Verification</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-149-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Manufacturer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1978-03-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Robinson-Patman</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Butz v. Economou, 438 U.S. 478 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 478</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-478</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">438 U.S. 478 (1978)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
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              <topic>Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Cause of Action</topic>
              <topic>Malice</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Federal Officials</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Claims</topic>
              <topic>Executive Branch</topic>
              <topic>Qualified Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-438-478</accessId>
              <reportNumber>478</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>17</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1978-06-29</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>438 U.S. 478</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cause of Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Malice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Officials</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Claims</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Executive Branch</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Qualified Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-150-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Agriculture</petitioner>
              <respondent>Injured person or legal entity, nonphysically and non-employment related</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Agriculture</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-11-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>St. Paul Fire &amp; Marine Ins. Co. v. Barry, 438 U.S. 531 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 531</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
              <topic>Insurer</topic>
              <topic>Alleged Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Intimidation</topic>
              <topic>Underwriter</topic>
              <topic>Boycotts</topic>
              <topic>Policyholders</topic>
              <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
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              <reportNumber>531</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1978-06-29</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurer</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alleged Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intimidation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Underwriter</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boycotts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Policyholders</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-151-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Insurance company, or surety</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Rhode Island U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1978-03-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Furnco Construction Corp. v. Waters, 438 U.S. 567 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 567</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-567</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">438 U.S. 567 (1978)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Bricklayers</topic>
              <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Hiring Practices</topic>
              <topic>Discriminatory</topic>
              <topic>Nondiscriminatory Reason</topic>
              <topic>Prima Facie Case</topic>
              <topic>Disparate Treatment</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>567</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1978-06-29</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>438 U.S. 567</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Bricklayers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hiring Practices</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discriminatory</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nondiscriminatory Reason</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prima Facie Case</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Disparate Treatment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-152-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Racial or ethnic minority employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1978-04-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lockett v. Ohio, 438 U.S. 586 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 586</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-586</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">438 U.S. 586 (1978)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Death Penalty Statute</topic>
              <topic>Death Penalty</topic>
              <topic>Amendments</topic>
              <topic>Ohio</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Capital Case</topic>
              <topic>Mitigating</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <reportNumber>586</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1978-07-03</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>438 U.S. 586</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>438 U.S. 586 (1978)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Death Penalty Statute</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Death Penalty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Amendments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ohio</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Case</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mitigating</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-153-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Ohio">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Ohio">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Ohio">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1978-01-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Bell v. Ohio, 438 U.S. 637 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 637</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-637</identifier>
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              <topic>Kidnapping</topic>
              <topic>Mitigating Factors</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Juvenile Crime</topic>
              <topic>Mental Deficiency</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Ohio</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1978-07-03</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Death Penalty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Kidnapping</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mitigating Factors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Mental Deficiency</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Ohio</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-154-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Ohio">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Ohio">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Ohio">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>California v. United States, 438 U.S. 645 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 645</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-645</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Irrigation</topic>
              <topic>Dams and Canals</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Water Resources</topic>
              <topic>Water Distribution</topic>
              <topic>Condemnation</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>State Law</topic>
              <topic>Appropriations</topic>
              <topic>Reclamation Project</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>645</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>22</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1978-07-03</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1977</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>438 U.S. 645</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Irrigation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dams and Canals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water Distribution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Condemnation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Appropriations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reclamation Project</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-155-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="California">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. New Mexico, 438 U.S. 696 (1978)</title>
              <partNumber>438 U.S. 696</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-438/USREPORTS-438-696</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">438 U.S. 696 (1978)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">438 U.S. 696</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d588ac</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Timber</topic>
              <topic>Water Law</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Sustained-Yield</topic>
              <topic>National Forests</topic>
              <topic>Buildings and Property</topic>
              <topic>Continuous</topic>
              <topic>New Mexico</topic>
              <topic>Forests and Timber</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>State Law</topic>
              <topic>Water Rights</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Purpose of Securing</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Timber</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sustained-Yield</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Forests</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Forests and Timber</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Purpose of Securing</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1977-156-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Censorship</topic>
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                   <topic>Radio</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Alabama v. Pugh, 438 U.S. 781 (1978)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Mandatory Injunction</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Alabama</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty (Cf. Liability, Civil Rights Acts)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inmates and Prisoners</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alabama</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty (Cf. Liability, Civil Rights Acts)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <petitioner state="Alabama">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Alabama Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eleventh Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Orders</title>
              <partName>Back Matter</partName>
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