<mods xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" version="3.3" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-3.xsd" ID="P0b002ee1d4bc68bc">
    <name type="corporate">
         <namePart>United States Government Publishing Office</namePart>
         <role>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">publisher</roleTerm>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">pbl</roleTerm>
        </role>
         <role>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">distributor</roleTerm>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">dst</roleTerm>
        </role>
    </name>
    <name type="corporate">
         <namePart>United States</namePart>
         <namePart>United States Supreme Court</namePart>
         <role>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">aut</roleTerm>
        </role>
         <description>Government Organization</description>
    </name>
    <typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
    <genre authority="marcgt">government publication</genre>
    <language>
         <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
    </language>
    <extension>
         <collectionCode>USREPORTS</collectionCode>
         <category>Judicial Publications</category>
         <branch>judicial</branch>
         <dateIngested>2025-07-08</dateIngested>
    </extension>
    <titleInfo>
         <title>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977</title>
    </titleInfo>
    <classification authority="sudocs">JU 6.8:431</classification>
    <name type="corporate">
         <namePart>United States</namePart>
         <namePart>Supreme Court</namePart>
         <role>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm>
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">aut</roleTerm>
        </role>
    </name>
    <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431</identifier>
    <location>
         <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431</url>
         <url displayLabel="PDF rendition" access="raw object">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431.pdf</url>
         <url displayLabel="Text rendition" access="raw object">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/text/USREPORTS-431.txt</url>
    </location>
    <extension>
         <searchtitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977</searchtitle>
         <docClass>USREPORTS</docClass>
         <accessId>USREPORTS-431</accessId>
         <volume>431</volume>
         <dateIssued notSpecified="day-month">1979</dateIssued>
         <reporter name="Henry Putzel, Jr."></reporter>
         <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
    </extension>
                            
    <titleInfo>
                                    
         <title>United States reports, 431</title>
                                    
         <subTitle>cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at</subTitle>
                                
    </titleInfo>
                            
    <titleInfo type="alternative">
                                    
         <title>Cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at</title>
                                
    </titleInfo>
                            
    <titleInfo displayLabel="Also known as:" type="alternative">
                                    
         <title>U.S. reports</title>
                                
    </titleInfo>
                            
    <titleInfo type="uniform">
                                    
         <title>United States reports (Washington, D.C.)</title>
                                
    </titleInfo>
                            
    <name type="corporate">
                                    
         <namePart>United States</namePart>
                                    
         <namePart>Supreme Court.</namePart>
                                    
         <role>
                                            
              <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
                                        
        </role>
                                
    </name>
                            
    <typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
                            
    <genre authority="marcgt">law report or digest</genre>
                            
    <genre authority="fast">Digests.</genre>
                            
    <genre authority="fast">Periodicals.</genre>
                            
    <originInfo>
                                    
         <place>
                                            
              <placeTerm authority="marccountry" type="code">dcu</placeTerm>
                                        
        </place>
                                    
         <place>
                                            
              <placeTerm type="text">Washington, D.C.]</placeTerm>
                                        
        </place>
                                    
         <publisher>U.S. Supreme Court</publisher>
                                    
         <dateIssued>1979</dateIssued>
                                    
         <dateCreated encoding="marc" point="start">1883</dateCreated>
                                    
         <dateCreated encoding="marc" point="end">9999</dateCreated>
                                    
         <issuance>continuing</issuance>
                                    
         <frequency>Irregular</frequency>
                                
    </originInfo>
                            
    <language>
                                    
         <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
                                
    </language>
                            
    <physicalDescription>
                                    
         <extent>1 online resource (volumes)</extent>
                                
    </physicalDescription>
                            
    <note type="date/sequential designation">Print began with: [Vol. 108] (Oct. term 1882 ... Oct. term 1883).</note>
                            
    <subject>
                                    
         <geographicCode authority="marcgac">n-us---</geographicCode>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="lcsh">
                                    
         <name type="corporate">
                                            
              <namePart>United States.</namePart>
                                            
              <namePart>Supreme Court</namePart>
                                        
        </name>
                                    
         <genre>Periodicals</genre>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="lcsh">
                                    
         <topic>Law reports, digests, etc</topic>
                                    
         <geographic>United States</geographic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="lcsh">
                                    
         <topic>Constitutional law</topic>
                                    
         <geographic>United States</geographic>
                                    
         <genre>Digests</genre>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="lcsh">
                                    
         <topic>Judicial opinions</topic>
                                    
         <geographic>United States</geographic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="fast">
                                    
         <name type="corporate">
                                            
              <namePart>United States.</namePart>
                                            
              <namePart>Supreme Court.</namePart>
                                        
        </name>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="fast">
                                    
         <topic>Constitutional law</topic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="fast">
                                    
         <topic>Judicial opinions</topic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="fast">
                                    
         <topic>Law reports, digests, etc</topic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <subject authority="fast">
                                    
         <geographic>United States</geographic>
                                
    </subject>
                            
    <classification authority="lcc">ISSN RECORD</classification>
                            
    <classification authority="ddc" edition="14">348</classification>
                            
    <classification authority="sudocs">JU 6.8:431</classification>
                            
    <relatedItem displayLabel="Print version:" type="otherFormat">
                                    
         <titleInfo>
                                            
              <title>United States reports</title>
                                        
        </titleInfo>
                                    
         <name>
                                            
              <namePart>United States. Supreme Court.</namePart>
                                        
        </name>
                                    
         <identifier type="issn">0891-6845</identifier>
                                    
         <identifier type="local">(DLC) 01026074</identifier>
                                    
         <identifier type="local">(OCoLC)4384322</identifier>
                                
    </relatedItem>
                            
    <relatedItem displayLabel="Microfiche version:" type="otherFormat">
                                    
         <titleInfo>
                                            
              <title>United States reports</title>
                                        
        </titleInfo>
                                    
         <name>
                                            
              <namePart>United States. Supreme Court.</namePart>
                                        
        </name>
                                    
         <identifier type="local">(OCoLC)26859335</identifier>
                                
    </relatedItem>
                            
    <identifier type="sudoc-item-number">0741-A (online)</identifier>
                            
    <identifier type="issn">2150-2331</identifier>
                            
    <identifier type="lccn">2009231052</identifier>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="Vol. 502, 1991 term-" usage="primary display">https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/LPS30185</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="Vol. 502, 1991 term-">http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/boundvolumes.aspx</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="Vol. 502, 1991 term-vol. 552, 2007 term (UNT Digital Library)">https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo54225</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="Vol. 502, 1991 term-vol. 552, 2007 term (UNT Digital Library)">https://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/collections/USREP/browse/</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="[Vol.] 108, Oct. term 1882-vol. 542, 2003 term (Library of Congress Digital Collections by agreement with the William S. Hein &amp; Co., Inc.)">https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo94050</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="[Vol.] 108, Oct. term 1882-vol. 542, 2003 term (Library of Congress Digital Collections by agreement with the William S. Hein &amp; Co., Inc.)">https://www.loc.gov/collections/united-states-reports/</url>
                                
    </location>
                            
    <location>
                                    
         <url displayLabel="(online)">https://catalog.gpo.gov/fdlpdir/locate.jsp?ItemNumber=0741-A&amp;SYS=000641007</url>
                                
    </location>
                        
    <originInfo>
         <publisher>U.S. Government Printing Office</publisher>
         <dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1979-01-01</dateIssued>
         <issuance>continuing</issuance>
         <frequency authority="marcfrequency">Completely irregular</frequency>
    </originInfo>
    <physicalDescription>
         <note type="source content type">converted</note>
         <digitalOrigin>reformatted digital</digitalOrigin>
         <extent>1068 digital object pages</extent>
    </physicalDescription>
    <classification authority="sudocs">JU 6.8:431</classification>
    <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431</identifier>
    <identifier type="local">P0b002ee1d4bc68bc</identifier>
    <identifier type="ILS system id">000641007</identifier>
    <recordInfo>
         <recordContentSource authority="marcorg">DGPO</recordContentSource>
         <recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2025-07-08</recordCreationDate>
         <recordChangeDate encoding="w3cdtf">2025-07-08</recordChangeDate>
         <recordIdentifier source="DGPO">USREPORTS-431</recordIdentifier>
         <recordOrigin>machine generated</recordOrigin>
         <languageOfCataloging>
              <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
        </languageOfCataloging>
    </recordInfo>
    <accessCondition type="GPO scope determination">fdlp</accessCondition>
    <extension>
         <docClass>USREPORTS</docClass>
         <accessId>USREPORTS-431</accessId>
         <volume>431</volume>
         <dateIssued notSpecified="day-month">1979</dateIssued>
         <reporter name="Henry Putzel, Jr."></reporter>
         <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
    </extension>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-5" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-5/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Title Page</title>
              <partName>Front Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-5</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-5.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56673</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Title Page</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>FRONTMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-5</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>1</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-5</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-5.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-4" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-4/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Justices of the Supreme Court</title>
              <partName>Front Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-4</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-4.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56656</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Justices of the Supreme Court</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>FRONTMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-4</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>2</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-4</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-4.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Supreme Court of the United States</title>
              <partName>Front Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56654</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Supreme Court of the United States</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>FRONTMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>3</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-3" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-3/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Table of Cases Reported</title>
              <partName>Front Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-3</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-3.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5667d</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Table of Cases Reported</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>FRONTMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-3</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>4</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-3</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-3.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-2" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-2/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Table of Cases Cited</title>
              <partName>Front Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-2</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-2.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56653</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Table of Cases Cited</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>FRONTMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-2</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>5</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-2</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-FrontMatter-2.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-1" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-1/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States Trust Co. v. New Jersey, 431 U.S. 1 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 1</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-1</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 1 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 1</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-1.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5666f</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Bondholder&apos;s Rights</topic>
              <topic>Pledged Collateral</topic>
              <topic>Contract Clause</topic>
              <topic>New Jersey</topic>
              <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
              <topic>New York</topic>
              <topic>Revenues and Reserves</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Consolidated Bonds</topic>
              <topic>1974 New Jersey Statute</topic>
              <topic>Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</topic>
              <topic>Rail Passenger Transportation Subsidization</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>1962 Statutory Covenant</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;United States Trust Co. v. New Jersey, 431 U.S. 1 (1977);431 U.S. 1</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-1</accessId>
              <reportNumber>1</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>6</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-04-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 1</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 1 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Bondholder&apos;s Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pledged Collateral</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contract Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New Jersey</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Revenues and Reserves</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Consolidated Bonds</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>1974 New Jersey Statute</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rail Passenger Transportation Subsidization</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>1962 Statutory Covenant</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-094-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Stockholder, shareholder, or bondholder</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Jersey">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New Jersey">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New Jersey">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 10, Paragraph 1 (contract clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>4</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-1</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-1.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-63" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-63/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Blackledge v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 63</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-63</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 63 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 63</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-63.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56652</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Guilty Plea</topic>
              <topic>Attempted Safe Robbery</topic>
              <topic>North Carolina</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Plea Induced by Attorney</topic>
              <topic>Adjudication Form</topic>
              <topic>North Carolina Plea-Bargaining Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Plea Bargaining: The Constitutionality of and/Or the Circumstances of Its Exercise</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Blackledge v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63 (1977);431 U.S. 63</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-63</accessId>
              <reportNumber>63</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>7</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-02</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 63</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 63 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Guilty Plea</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attempted Safe Robbery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>North Carolina</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Plea Induced by Attorney</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Adjudication Form</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>North Carolina Plea-Bargaining Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Plea Bargaining: The Constitutionality of and/Or the Circumstances of Its Exercise</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-095-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="North Carolina">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>North Carolina Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-02-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-63</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-63.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-85" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-85/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Linmark Associates, Inc. v. Willingboro, 431 U.S. 85 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 85</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-85</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 85 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 85</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-85.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5667c</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Township Ordinance</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Information</topic>
              <topic>Real Estate Signs</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Speech, Excluding Attorneys</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Linmark Associates, Inc. v. Willingboro, 431 U.S. 85 (1977);431 U.S. 85</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-85</accessId>
              <reportNumber>85</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>8</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-02</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 85</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 85 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Township Ordinance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Information</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Real Estate Signs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Speech, Excluding Attorneys</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-096-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Jersey">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Municipal or other local ordinance unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-85</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-85.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-99" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-99/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>EPA v. Brown, 431 U.S. 99 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 99</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-99</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 99 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 99</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-99.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56662</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Invalidation of Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Review of State Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Transportation Control Plan Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Clean Air Act (C.A.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Implementation Plan</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
              <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;EPA v. Brown, 431 U.S. 99 (1977);431 U.S. 99</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-99</accessId>
              <reportNumber>99</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>9</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-02</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 99</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 99 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Invalidation of Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Review of State Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation Control Plan Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Clean Air Act (C.A.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Implementation Plan</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-097-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Virginia">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-99</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-99.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-105" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-105/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Dixon v. Love, 431 U.S. 105 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 105</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-105</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 105 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 105</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-105.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5665d</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Driver&apos;s Conduct</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Repeated Conviction of Traffic Law Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Suspension or Revocation of License Without Preliminary Hearing</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Sufficient Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Illinois Driver Licensing Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Hearing or Notice (Other than as Pertains to Government Employees or Prisoners&apos; Rights)</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Dixon v. Love, 431 U.S. 105 (1977);431 U.S. 105</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-105</accessId>
              <reportNumber>105</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>10</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 105</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 105 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Driver&apos;s Conduct</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Repeated Conviction of Traffic Law Offenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Suspension or Revocation of License Without Preliminary Hearing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sufficient Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Illinois Driver Licensing Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Hearing or Notice (Other than as Pertains to Government Employees or Prisoners&apos; Rights)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-098-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Illinois">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Holder of a license or permit, or applicant therefor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Illinois">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-105</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-105.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-119" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-119/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Kremens v. Bartley, 431 U.S. 119 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 119</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-119</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 119 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 119</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-119.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56665</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Pennsylvania Mental Health Facilities</topic>
              <topic>Mental Health</topic>
              <topic>State Mental Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Parental Consent</topic>
              <topic>Pennsylvania</topic>
              <topic>Admitted by Parental Application</topic>
              <topic>Voluntary Admission</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Voluntary Commitment</topic>
              <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Kremens v. Bartley, 431 U.S. 119 (1977);431 U.S. 119</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-119</accessId>
              <reportNumber>119</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>11</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 119</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 119 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Pennsylvania Mental Health Facilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mental Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Mental Institutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Parental Consent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pennsylvania</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Admitted by Parental Application</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voluntary Admission</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voluntary Commitment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-099-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Pennsylvania">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Juvenile</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Pennsylvania">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-12-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-119</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-119.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-145" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-145/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Henderson v. Kibbe, 431 U.S. 145 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 145</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-145</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 145 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 145</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-145.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56663</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Grave Risk of Death</topic>
              <topic>New York Trial Court</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Grand Larceny</topic>
              <topic>New York Statutes</topic>
              <topic>Second-Degree Murder</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Reckless Conduct</topic>
              <topic>Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt</topic>
              <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Jury Instructions (Not Necessarily in Criminal Cases)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Henderson v. Kibbe, 431 U.S. 145 (1977);431 U.S. 145</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-145</accessId>
              <reportNumber>145</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>12</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 145</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 145 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Grave Risk of Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York Trial Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Grand Larceny</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Second-Degree Murder</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Robbery</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reckless Conduct</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Jury Instructions (Not Necessarily in Criminal Cases)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-100-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-145</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-145.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-159" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-159/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Chappelle v. Greater Baton Rouge Airport Dist., 431 U.S. 159 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 159</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-159</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 159 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 159</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-159.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5666c</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Louisiana Act 151 of 1969</topic>
              <topic>Airport Commissioner Appointment</topic>
              <topic>Property Ownership Requirement</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Residency Requirements: Durational, Plus Discrimination Against Nonresidents</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Chappelle v. Greater Baton Rouge Airport Dist., 431 U.S. 159 (1977);431 U.S. 159</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-159</accessId>
              <reportNumber>159</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>13</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 159</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 159 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Louisiana Act 151 of 1969</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Airport Commissioner Appointment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Ownership Requirement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Residency Requirements: Durational, Plus Discrimination Against Nonresidents</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-103-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Louisiana">Local governmental unit other than a county, city, town, township, village, or borough</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Louisiana">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Louisiana">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-04-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-159</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-159.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-161" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-161/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Texas v. Louisiana, 431 U.S. 161 (1976)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 161</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-161</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 161 (1976)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 161</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-161.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56678</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Sabine River</topic>
              <topic>Land Boundary</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Arkansas Boundary</topic>
              <topic>Texas and Louisiana Boundary</topic>
              <topic>Boundary Dispute Between States</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Texas v. Louisiana, 431 U.S. 161 (1976);431 U.S. 161</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-161</accessId>
              <reportNumber>161</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>14</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 161</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 161 (1976)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sabine River</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Land Boundary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Arkansas Boundary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Texas and Louisiana Boundary</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Boundary Dispute Between States</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-104-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Texas">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Louisiana">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Decrees</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-161</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-161.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-169" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-169/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Pressler v. Blumenthal, 431 U.S. 169 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 169</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-169</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 169 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 169</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-169.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5667f</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Postal Revenue and Federal Salary Act of (P.R.F.S.A.)</topic>
              <topic>1975 Executive Salary Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Miscellaneous</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Pressler v. Blumenthal, 431 U.S. 169 (1977);431 U.S. 169</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-169</accessId>
              <reportNumber>169</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>15</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 169</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 169 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Postal Revenue and Federal Salary Act of (P.R.F.S.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>1975 Executive Salary Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-101-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</petitioner>
              <respondent>Department or Secretary of the Treasury</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-169</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-169.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-171" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-171/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ashcroft v. Mattis, 431 U.S. 171 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 171</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-171</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 171 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 171</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-171.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56669</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Attempted Escape from Arrest</topic>
              <topic>Missouri</topic>
              <topic>Case-Or-Controversy Requirement</topic>
              <topic>Deadly Force in Apprehending a Felon</topic>
              <topic>Standing to Sue: Live Dispute</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Ashcroft v. Mattis, 431 U.S. 171 (1977);431 U.S. 171</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-171</accessId>
              <reportNumber>171</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>16</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 171</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 171 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attempted Escape from Arrest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Missouri</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Case-Or-Controversy Requirement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Deadly Force in Apprehending a Felon</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Live Dispute</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-102-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Missouri">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-171</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-171.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-174" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-174/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Wong, 431 U.S. 174 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 174</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-174</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 174 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 174</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-174.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56657</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Right to Remain Silent</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Perjury</topic>
              <topic>Witness Under Investigation for Possible Criminal Activity</topic>
              <topic>Suppression of False Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Self-Incrimination (Other than as Pertains to Miranda or Immunity from Prosecution)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;United States v. Wong, 431 U.S. 174 (1977);431 U.S. 174</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-174</accessId>
              <reportNumber>174</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>17</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 174</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 174 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Remain Silent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Perjury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Witness Under Investigation for Possible Criminal Activity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Suppression of False Testimony</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Self-Incrimination (Other than as Pertains to Miranda or Immunity from Prosecution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-105-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Witness, or person under subpoena</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (self-incrimination)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-174</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-174.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-181" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-181/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Washington, 431 U.S. 181 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 181</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-181</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 181 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 181</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-181.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5665f</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Witness Subpoena</topic>
              <topic>Self-Incrimination</topic>
              <topic>Grand Jury</topic>
              <topic>Implication in a Theft</topic>
              <topic>Theft and Burglaries</topic>
              <topic>Washington, D.C.</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Right to Remain Silent</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Self-Incrimination (Other than as Pertains to Miranda or Immunity from Prosecution)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;United States v. Washington, 431 U.S. 181 (1977);431 U.S. 181</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-181</accessId>
              <reportNumber>181</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>18</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 181</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 181 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Witness Subpoena</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Self-Incrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Grand Jury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Implication in a Theft</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Theft and Burglaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Washington, D.C.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Remain Silent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Self-Incrimination (Other than as Pertains to Miranda or Immunity from Prosecution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-106-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Witness, or person under subpoena</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="District of Columbia">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="District of Columbia">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (self-incrimination)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-181</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-181.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-195" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-195/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Guam v. Olsen, 431 U.S. 195 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 195</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-195</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 195 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 195</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-195.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5663f</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Appellate Review</topic>
              <topic>Guam</topic>
              <topic>Guam Legislature</topic>
              <topic>Article III</topic>
              <topic>Local Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Territory Powers</topic>
              <topic>1950 Organic Act of Guam</topic>
              <topic>Appealable Causes</topic>
              <topic>Guam Supreme Court</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Guam v. Olsen, 431 U.S. 195 (1977);431 U.S. 195</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-195</accessId>
              <reportNumber>195</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>19</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 195</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 195 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Appellate Review</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Guam</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Guam Legislature</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Article III</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Local Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Territory Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>1950 Organic Act of Guam</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Appealable Causes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Guam Supreme Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-107-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Guam">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Guam U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-195</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-195.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-209" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-209/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Abood v. Detroit Board of Education, 431 U.S. 209 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 209</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-209</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 209 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 209</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-209.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56675</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Foreign-Owned Fishing Vessels</topic>
              <topic>Vessels Engaged in Domestic or Coastwide Trade</topic>
              <topic>Virginia Statutes</topic>
              <topic>Federally-Licensed Fishing Vessels</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Chesapeake Bay</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Fishing Licenses</topic>
              <topic>Federal Enrollment and Licensing Laws</topic>
              <topic>Virginia Supremacy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Union or Closed Shop: Includes Agency Shop Litigation</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Abood v. Detroit Board of Education, 431 U.S. 209 (1977);431 U.S. 209</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-209</accessId>
              <reportNumber>209</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>20</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 209</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 209 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign-Owned Fishing Vessels</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Vessels Engaged in Domestic or Coastwide Trade</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Virginia Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federally-Licensed Fishing Vessels</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Chesapeake Bay</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Fishing Licenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Enrollment and Licensing Laws</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Virginia Supremacy Clause</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Union or Closed Shop: Includes Agency Shop Litigation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-108-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Michigan">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Michigan">Local school district or board of education</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Michigan">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Michigan">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Michigan">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (association)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-209</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-209.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-265" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-265/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Douglas v. Seacoast Products, Inc., 431 U.S. 265 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 265</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-265</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 265 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 265</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-265.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5666d</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Hunting and Fishing</topic>
              <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
              <topic>Virginia</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Fishing Licenses</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Douglas v. Seacoast Products, Inc., 431 U.S. 265 (1977);431 U.S. 265</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-265</accessId>
              <reportNumber>265</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>21</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 265</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 265 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hunting and Fishing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Virginia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Fishing Licenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-109-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Virginia">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Nonresident</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Virginia">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-265</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-265.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-291" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-291/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Smith v. United States, 431 U.S. 291 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 291</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-291</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 291 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 291</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-291.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56661</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Mailing of Obscene Materials</topic>
              <topic>Voir Dire</topic>
              <topic>Prurient Interest</topic>
              <topic>Iowa</topic>
              <topic>State&apos;s Rights</topic>
              <topic>Patent Offensiveness</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Obscene Materials</topic>
              <topic>Southern District of Iowa</topic>
              <topic>Iowa Obscenity Statute</topic>
              <topic>Contemporary Community Standards</topic>
              <topic>Obscenity, Federal</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Smith v. United States, 431 U.S. 291 (1977);431 U.S. 291</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-291</accessId>
              <reportNumber>291</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>22</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 291</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 291 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Mailing of Obscene Materials</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voir Dire</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prurient Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Iowa</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State&apos;s Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patent Offensiveness</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Obscene Materials</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Southern District of Iowa</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Iowa Obscenity Statute</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contemporary Community Standards</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Obscenity, Federal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-110-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bookstore, newsstand, printer, bindery, purveyor or distributor of books or magazines</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Iowa Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-12-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-291</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-291.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-322" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-322/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Massachusetts v. Westcott, 431 U.S. 322 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 322</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-322</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 322 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 322</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-322.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56659</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Relief to Owner</topic>
              <topic>Massachusetts Statute Prohibiting Nonresidents from Dragging for Fish</topic>
              <topic>Federally Licensed Fishing Vessel</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Basis</topic>
              <topic>Massachusetts Statutes</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Massachusetts</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Massachusetts v. Westcott, 431 U.S. 322 (1977);431 U.S. 322</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-322</accessId>
              <reportNumber>322</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>23</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 322</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 322 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Relief to Owner</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Massachusetts Statute Prohibiting Nonresidents from Dragging for Fish</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federally Licensed Fishing Vessel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Basis</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Massachusetts Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Massachusetts</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-111-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Massachusetts">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Nonresident</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Massachusetts">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Massachusetts">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-322</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-322.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-324" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-324/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Teamsters v. United States, 431 U.S. 324 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 324</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-324</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 324 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 324</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-324.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56671</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Seniority System in Collective-Bargaining Agreements</topic>
              <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Less Desirable Jobs</topic>
              <topic>Discriminatory Employment Practices</topic>
              <topic>General Injunctive Remedy</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Teamsters v. United States, 431 U.S. 324 (1977);431 U.S. 324</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-324</accessId>
              <reportNumber>324</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>24</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-31</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 324</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 324 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Seniority System in Collective-Bargaining Agreements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Less Desirable Jobs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discriminatory Employment Practices</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>General Injunctive Remedy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-112-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-324</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-324.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-395" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-395/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>East Texas Motor Freight v. Rodriguez, 431 U.S. 395 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 395</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-395</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 395 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 395</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-395.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5665a</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Union Membership</topic>
              <topic>Class-Action Allegations</topic>
              <topic>Equal Employment Opportunities</topic>
              <topic>Seniority System in Collective-Bargaining Agreements</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
              <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;East Texas Motor Freight v. Rodriguez, 431 U.S. 395 (1977);431 U.S. 395</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-395</accessId>
              <reportNumber>395</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>25</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-31</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 395</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 395 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Union Membership</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Class-Action Allegations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Employment Opportunities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Seniority System in Collective-Bargaining Agreements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Including Supreme Court Rules, Application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in Civil Litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and State Rules and Admiralty Rules</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-113-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Trucking company, or motor carrier</petitioner>
              <respondent>Racial or ethnic minority employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including Appellate Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court Judicial Code, and admiralty rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-395</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-395.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-407" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-407/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Connor v. Finch, 431 U.S. 407 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 407</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-407</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 407 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 407</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-407.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56667</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Mississippi</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
              <topic>Mississippi House of Representatives</topic>
              <topic>Mississippi Senate</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Reapportionment Plan</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Equitable Discretion</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Connor v. Finch, 431 U.S. 407 (1977);431 U.S. 407</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-407</accessId>
              <reportNumber>407</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>26</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-31</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 407</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 407 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Mississippi</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mississippi House of Representatives</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mississippi Senate</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Reapportionment Plan</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equitable Discretion</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-114-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Mississippi">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Mississippi Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Mississippi Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-02-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-407</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-407.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-434" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-434/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Trainor v. Hernandez, 431 U.S. 434 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 434</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-434</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 434 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 434</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-434.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5666a</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Public Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Illinois Department of Public Aid</topic>
              <topic>Illinois</topic>
              <topic>Fraudulent Concealment of Assets</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Illinois Attachment Act</topic>
              <topic>Welfare Payments Wrongfully Received</topic>
              <topic>Comity Primarily Removal Cases, Civil Procedure (Cf. Comity, Criminal and First Amendment), Deference to Foreign Judicial Tribunals</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Trainor v. Hernandez, 431 U.S. 434 (1977);431 U.S. 434</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-434</accessId>
              <reportNumber>434</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>27</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-31</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 434</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 434 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Public Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Illinois Department of Public Aid</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Illinois</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraudulent Concealment of Assets</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Illinois Attachment Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Welfare Payments Wrongfully Received</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Comity Primarily Removal Cases, Civil Procedure (Cf. Comity, Criminal and First Amendment), Deference to Foreign Judicial Tribunals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-115-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Illinois">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indigent, needy, welfare recipient</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Illinois">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Abstention Doctrine</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-434</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-434.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-471" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-471/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ohio Bureau of Employment Services v. Hodory, 431 U.S. 471 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 471</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-471</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 471 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 471</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-471.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56660</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Furloughed Worker</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
              <topic>Coal Miner Strike</topic>
              <topic>Unemployment Benefits</topic>
              <topic>U.S.S. Coal Mines</topic>
              <topic>Ohio Bureau of Employment Services</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Ohio Bureau of Employment Services v. Hodory, 431 U.S. 471 (1977);431 U.S. 471</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-471</accessId>
              <reportNumber>471</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>28</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-31</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 471</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 471 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Furloughed Worker</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Coal Miner Strike</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unemployment Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>U.S.S. Coal Mines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ohio Bureau of Employment Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-116-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Ohio">State department or agency</petitioner>
              <respondent>Unemployed person or unemployment compensation applicant or claimant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Ohio">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Ohio Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Ohio Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-02-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article VI, Section 2 (supremacy clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-471</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-471.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-494" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-494/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Moore v. East Cleveland, 431 U.S. 494 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 494</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-494</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 494 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 494</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-494.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5666e</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Housing Ordinance</topic>
              <topic>Occupancy Limit</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Cleveland</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Ohio</topic>
              <topic>Zoning: Constitutionality of Such Ordinances, or Restrictions on Owners&apos; or Lessors&apos; Use of Real Property</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Moore v. East Cleveland, 431 U.S. 494 (1977);431 U.S. 494</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-494</accessId>
              <reportNumber>494</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>29</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-31</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 494</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 494 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Housing Ordinance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Occupancy Limit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cleveland</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ohio</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Zoning: Constitutionality of Such Ordinances, or Restrictions on Owners&apos; or Lessors&apos; Use of Real Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-117-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Ohio">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Ohio">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Ohio">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Municipal or other local ordinance unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-494</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-494.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-553" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-553/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>United Air Lines, Inc. v. Evans, 431 U.S. 553 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 553</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-553</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 553 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 553</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-553.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56674</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Seniority System</topic>
              <topic>Gender Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Employment Termination</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
              <topic>Married Employee Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;United Air Lines, Inc. v. Evans, 431 U.S. 553 (1977);431 U.S. 553</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-553</accessId>
              <reportNumber>553</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>30</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-05-31</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 553</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 553 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Seniority System</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gender Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employment Termination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Married Employee Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-118-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Airline</petitioner>
              <respondent>Female employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-553</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-553.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-563" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-563/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Scarborough v. United States, 431 U.S. 563 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 563</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-563</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 563 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 563</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-563.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5667b</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968</topic>
              <topic>Unlawful Possession of Firearms</topic>
              <topic>Nexus Between Possession and Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Convicted Felon in Possession of Firearm</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Firearms</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Scarborough v. United States, 431 U.S. 563 (1977);431 U.S. 563</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-563</accessId>
              <reportNumber>563</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>31</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-06</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 563</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 563 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unlawful Possession of Firearms</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nexus Between Possession and Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Convicted Felon in Possession of Firearm</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Firearms</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-119-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets, National Firearms, Organized Crime Control, Comprehensive Crime Control, or Gun Control Acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-563</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-563.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-581" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-581/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Alabama Power Co. v. Davis, 431 U.S. 581 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 581</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-581</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 581 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 581</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-581.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5665c</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Military Selective Service Act</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Leave of Employment for Military Service</topic>
              <topic>Pension Credit for Period of Military Service</topic>
              <topic>Military Personnel</topic>
              <topic>Return to Employment After Military Service</topic>
              <topic>Military: Veteran</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Alabama Power Co. v. Davis, 431 U.S. 581 (1977);431 U.S. 581</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-581</accessId>
              <reportNumber>581</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>32</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-06</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 581</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 581 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Military Selective Service Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Leave of Employment for Military Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pension Credit for Period of Military Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Personnel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Return to Employment After Military Service</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Military: Veteran</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-120-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Retired or former employee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Alabama Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-04-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Selective Service, Military Selective Service, or Universal Military Service and Training Acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-581</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-581.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-595" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-595/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Splawn v. California, 431 U.S. 595 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 595</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-595</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 595 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 595</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-595.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56664</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Selling of Obscene Film</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>California Penal Code</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Splawn v. California, 431 U.S. 595 (1977);431 U.S. 595</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-595</accessId>
              <reportNumber>595</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>33</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-06</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 595</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 595 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Selling of Obscene Film</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California Penal Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-121-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Movie, play, pictorial representation, theatrical production, actor, or exhibitor or distributor of</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-595</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-595.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-606" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-606/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Ramsey, 431 U.S. 606 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 606</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-606</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 606 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 606</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-606.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56668</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Narcotics Trafficking</topic>
              <topic>Warrants</topic>
              <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
              <topic>Illegally Imported Merchandise</topic>
              <topic>Inspection of International Mail</topic>
              <topic>Thailand</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Reasonable Cause</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Postal Regulations</topic>
              <topic>General Post Office of New York City</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;United States v. Ramsey, 431 U.S. 606 (1977);431 U.S. 606</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-606</accessId>
              <reportNumber>606</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>34</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-06</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 606</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 606 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Narcotics Trafficking</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Illegally Imported Merchandise</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inspection of International Mail</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Thailand</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonable Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Postal Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>General Post Office of New York City</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-122-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Customs Service or Commissioner or Collector of Customs</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-606</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-606.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-633" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-633/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Roberts v. Louisiana, 431 U.S. 633 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 633</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-633</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 633 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 633</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-633.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56672</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>First-Degree Murder of a Police Officer</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Eighth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Mandatory Death Sentence</topic>
              <topic>Louisiana Statute</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Roberts v. Louisiana, 431 U.S. 633 (1977);431 U.S. 633</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-633</accessId>
              <reportNumber>633</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>35</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-06</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 633</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 633 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>First-Degree Murder of a Police Officer</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Eighth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mandatory Death Sentence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Louisiana Statute</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-123-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Louisiana">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Louisiana">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Louisiana">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-633</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-633.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-651" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-651/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Abney v. United States, 431 U.S. 651 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 651</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-651</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 651 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 651</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-651.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56676</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Hobbs Act</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Collateral Order Exception</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Extortion</topic>
              <topic>Attempt to Obstruct Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Abney v. United States, 431 U.S. 651 (1977);431 U.S. 651</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-651</accessId>
              <reportNumber>651</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>36</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 651</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 651 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hobbs Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Collateral Order Exception</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Extortion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attempt to Obstruct Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-124-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (double jeopardy)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-651</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-651.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-666" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-666/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Stencel Aero Engineering Corp v. U.S., 431 U.S. 666 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 666</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-666</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 666 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 666</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-666.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56655</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Individual and Joint Negligence</topic>
              <topic>Damages Suit</topic>
              <topic>Ejection System Malfunction</topic>
              <topic>Federal Tort Claims Act (F.T.C.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Torts Law</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Government Liability</topic>
              <topic>Veterans</topic>
              <topic>National Guard</topic>
              <topic>Veteran&apos;s Benefit Act</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Military Personnel</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Stencel Aero Engineering Corp v. U.S., 431 U.S. 666 (1977);431 U.S. 666</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-666</accessId>
              <reportNumber>666</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>37</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 666</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 666 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Individual and Joint Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Damages Suit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ejection System Malfunction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Tort Claims Act (F.T.C.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Veterans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Guard</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Veteran&apos;s Benefit Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Personnel</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-125-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Government contractor</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Tort Claims, or Alien Tort Statute</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-666</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-666.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-678" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-678/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Carey v. Population Services International, 431 U.S. 678 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 678</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-678</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 678 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 678</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-678.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56677</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>New York Education Law</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Nonprescription Contraceptives</topic>
              <topic>New York</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Distribution of Contraceptives to a Minor</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
              <topic>Privacy</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Carey v. Population Services International, 431 U.S. 678 (1977);431 U.S. 678</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-678</accessId>
              <reportNumber>678</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>38</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 678</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 678 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>New York Education Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonprescription Contraceptives</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Distribution of Contraceptives to a Minor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-126-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-678</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-678.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-720" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-720/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois, 431 U.S. 720 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 720</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-720</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 720 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 720</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-720.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5665e</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Illegal Overcharge</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
              <topic>Price-Fixing Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Illinois</topic>
              <topic>Stare Decisis</topic>
              <topic>Treble-Damages Action</topic>
              <topic>Clayton Act</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois, 431 U.S. 720 (1977);431 U.S. 720</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-720</accessId>
              <reportNumber>720</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>39</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 720</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 720 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Illegal Overcharge</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sherman Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Price-Fixing Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Illinois</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Stare Decisis</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Treble-Damages Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Clayton Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-127-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Clayton</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-720</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-720.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-767" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-767/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ward v. Illinois, 431 U.S. 767 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 767</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-767</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 767 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 767</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-767.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56658</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Obscenity</topic>
              <topic>Sado-Masochistic Materials</topic>
              <topic>Illinois</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Vagueness</topic>
              <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Ward v. Illinois, 431 U.S. 767 (1977);431 U.S. 767</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-767</accessId>
              <reportNumber>767</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>40</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 767</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 767 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Obscenity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sado-Masochistic Materials</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Illinois</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Vagueness</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-128-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bookstore, newsstand, printer, bindery, purveyor or distributor of books or magazines</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Illinois">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-04-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-767</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-767.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-783" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-783/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Lovasco, 431 U.S. 783 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 783</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-783</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 783 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 783</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-783.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5667a</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Speedy Trial Clause</topic>
              <topic>Good-Faith Investigative Delay</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Preindictment Delay</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Movement to Dismiss Indictment</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Speedy Trial</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;United States v. Lovasco, 431 U.S. 783 (1977);431 U.S. 783</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-783</accessId>
              <reportNumber>783</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>41</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 783</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 783 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Speedy Trial Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Good-Faith Investigative Delay</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Preindictment Delay</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Movement to Dismiss Indictment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Speedy Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-129-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (speedy trial)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-783</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-783.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-801" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-801/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lefkowitz v. Cunningham, 431 U.S. 801 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 801</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-801</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 801 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 801</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-801.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56666</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Disqualification of Holding of Public Office</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Self-Incrimination</topic>
              <topic>Waiver of Immunity Against Criminal Prosecution</topic>
              <topic>Termination of Term of Office</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Subpoena of a Political Party Officer</topic>
              <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
              <topic>New York Statutes</topic>
              <topic>Right to Participate in Political Parties</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Self-Incrimination, Immunity from Prosecution</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Lefkowitz v. Cunningham, 431 U.S. 801 (1977);431 U.S. 801</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-801</accessId>
              <reportNumber>801</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>42</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-13</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 801</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 801 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Disqualification of Holding of Public Office</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Self-Incrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Waiver of Immunity Against Criminal Prosecution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Termination of Term of Office</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Subpoena of a Political Party Officer</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Participate in Political Parties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Self-Incrimination, Immunity from Prosecution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-130-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-02-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (self-incrimination)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-801</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-801.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-816" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-816/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Smith v. Organization of Foster Families, 431 U.S. 816 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 816</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-816</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 816 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 816</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-816.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5667e</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
              <topic>New York State Statutory and Regulatory Procedures</topic>
              <topic>Foster Parents</topic>
              <topic>Notice of Removal</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
              <topic>Psychological Family</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Family Law</topic>
              <topic>Removal of Foster Children</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Hearing or Notice (Other than as Pertains to Government Employees or Prisoners&apos; Rights)</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Smith v. Organization of Foster Families, 431 U.S. 816 (1977);431 U.S. 816</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-816</accessId>
              <reportNumber>816</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>43</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-13</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 816</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 816 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York State Statutory and Regulatory Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foster Parents</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Notice of Removal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Families</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Psychological Family</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Family Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Removal of Foster Children</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Hearing or Notice (Other than as Pertains to Government Employees or Prisoners&apos; Rights)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-131-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Parent or parents</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="New York">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-816</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-816.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-864" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-864/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Larionoff, 431 U.S. 864 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>431 U.S. 864</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-864</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">431 U.S. 864 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">431 U.S. 864</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-864.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56679</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Military Law</topic>
              <topic>Critical Military Skill Ratings</topic>
              <topic>Enlisted Members</topic>
              <topic>Re-Enlistment Bonus</topic>
              <topic>Navy</topic>
              <topic>Military: Active Duty</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;United States v. Larionoff, 431 U.S. 864 (1977);431 U.S. 864</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-864</accessId>
              <reportNumber>864</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>44</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-06-13</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>431 U.S. 864</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>431 U.S. 864 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Military Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Critical Military Skill Ratings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Enlisted Members</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Re-Enlistment Bonus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Navy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Military: Active Duty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-132-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Military personnel, or dependent of, including reservist</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Navy</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-04-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-864</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-864.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-3" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-3/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Reporter&apos;s Note</title>
              <partName>Back Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-3</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-3.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d56670</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Reporter&apos;s Note</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>BACKMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-3</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>45</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-3</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-3.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-BackMatter" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Orders from April 28 through June 13, 1977</title>
              <partName>Back Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5665b</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Orders from April 28 through June 13, 1977</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>BACKMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-BackMatter</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>46</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-2" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-2/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Index</title>
              <partName>Back Matter</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-2</identifier>
         <relatedItem type="otherFormat" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-2.pdf">
              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d5666b</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of April 27 (concluded) through (in part) June 13, 1977, orders of April 28 through June 13, 1977;Index</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>BACKMATTER</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-2</accessId>
              <sequenceNumber>47</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-431/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-2</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-431/pdf/USREPORTS-431-BackMatter-2.pdf</url>
        </location>
    </relatedItem>
</mods>