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                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-053-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Management, executive officer, or director, of business entity</petitioner>
              <respondent>Tender offer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-10-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Securities Act of 1933, the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, or the Williams Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Delaware Tribal Business Comm v. Weeks, 430 U.S. 73 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 73</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-73</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Cherokee Delawares</topic>
              <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
              <topic>American Indians</topic>
              <topic>Privatization</topic>
              <topic>Delawares</topic>
              <topic>Federal Indian and Tribal Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process Clause</topic>
              <topic>Tribal Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Internally Displaced Persons</topic>
              <topic>Native Americans</topic>
              <topic>Absentee Delawares</topic>
              <topic>North America</topic>
              <topic>Property Rights</topic>
              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Kansas Delawares</topic>
              <topic>Indians (Other than Pertains to State Jurisdiction Over)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of February 23 through (in part) April 27, 1977, orders of February 23 through April 25, 1977;Delaware Tribal Business Comm v. Weeks, 430 U.S. 73 (1977);430 U.S. 73</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-430-73</accessId>
              <reportNumber>73</reportNumber>
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                   <topic>Cherokee Delawares</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>American Indians</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privatization</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Delawares</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Indian and Tribal Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tribal Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internally Displaced Persons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Americans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Absentee Delawares</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>North America</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Kansas Delawares</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Indians (Other than Pertains to State Jurisdiction Over)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-054-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Indian Claims Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Oklahoma Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Oklahoma Western U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Califano v. Sanders, 430 U.S. 99 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 99</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-99</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 99 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">430 U.S. 99</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55f9e</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Procedure Act</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Social Security</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
              <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of February 23 through (in part) April 27, 1977, orders of February 23 through April 25, 1977;Califano v. Sanders, 430 U.S. 99 (1977);430 U.S. 99</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-430-99</accessId>
              <reportNumber>99</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>10</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-02-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 99</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>430 U.S. 99 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Procedure Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-055-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare</petitioner>
              <respondent>Disabled person or disability benefit claimant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Indiana Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Administrative Procedure, or Administrative Orders Review</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-99</url>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-430-112" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-112/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>E. I. du Pont de Nemours &amp; (and) Co. v. Train, 430 U.S. 112 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 112</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-112</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 112 (1977)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55fc3</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
              <topic>Environment</topic>
              <topic>Water Resources</topic>
              <topic>Conservation</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Mitigation</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Marine Pollution</topic>
              <topic>Federal Water Pollution Control Act</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>Appellate Courts</topic>
              <topic>Industrial Facilities</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of February 23 through (in part) April 27, 1977, orders of February 23 through April 25, 1977;E. I. du Pont de Nemours &amp; (and) Co. v. Train, 430 U.S. 112 (1977);430 U.S. 112</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-430-112</accessId>
              <reportNumber>112</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>11</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-02-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 112</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conservation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Mitigation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marine Pollution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Water Pollution Control Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Appellate Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Industrial Facilities</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-056-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Chemical company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-12-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Water Pollution Control (Clean Water), plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-112</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Florida et al., 430 U.S. 140 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 140</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-140</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 140 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">430 U.S. 140</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55fb7</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Federal-State Ownership Dispute (Cf. Submerged Lands Act)</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of February 23 through (in part) April 27, 1977, orders of February 23 through April 25, 1977;United States v. Florida et al., 430 U.S. 140 (1977);430 U.S. 140</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-430-140</accessId>
              <reportNumber>140</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>12</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-02-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 140</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>430 U.S. 140 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center"></subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal-State Ownership Dispute (Cf. Submerged Lands Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-058-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-140</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Philadelphia v. New Jersey, 430 U.S. 141 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 141</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-141</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 141 (1977)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55fbe</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Federal Solid Waste Disposal Act</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
              <topic>Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act</topic>
              <topic>Mixed Jurisdictions</topic>
              <topic>Environment</topic>
              <topic>Conservation</topic>
              <topic>Waste Management</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of February 23 through (in part) April 27, 1977, orders of February 23 through April 25, 1977;Philadelphia v. New Jersey, 430 U.S. 141 (1977);430 U.S. 141</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-430-141</accessId>
              <reportNumber>141</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>13</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-02-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 141</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>430 U.S. 141 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Solid Waste Disposal Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mixed Jurisdictions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conservation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Waste Management</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-057-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Pennsylvania">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Jersey">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New Jersey">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New Jersey">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-03</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>United Jewish Organizations v. Carey, 430 U.S. 144 (1977)</title>
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              <topic>Arts and Culture</topic>
              <topic>Religion</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Urban Planning</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
              <topic>Legal Ethics</topic>
              <topic>Government Ethics and Transparency</topic>
              <topic>Hasidic Judaism</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Census</topic>
              <topic>Housing and Community Development</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Housing and Community Development</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-059-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Religious organization, institution, or person</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New York">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department of Justice or Attorney General</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-10-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Marks v. United States, 430 U.S. 188 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 188</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-188</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Pornography</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Redeeming Social Value</topic>
              <topic>Obscenity Laws</topic>
              <topic>Ex Post Facto Clause</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Obscenity, Federal</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1977-03-01</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 188</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pornography</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Obscenity, Federal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-060-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Movie, play, pictorial representation, theatrical production, actor, or exhibitor or distributor of</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Kentucky Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Califano v. Goldfarb, 430 U.S. 199 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 199</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
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              <topic>Widows and Widowers</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
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              <topic>Gender Equality</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Legal Ethics</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Death and Dying</topic>
              <topic>Social Security</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Women&apos;s Rights</topic>
              <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Survivors&apos; Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Widows and Widowers</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-061-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare</petitioner>
              <respondent>Spouse, or former spouse</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Social Security, as amended, including Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Act of congress declared unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Nolde Bros., Inc. v. Bakery Workers, 430 U.S. 243 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 243</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-243</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 243 (1977)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Food Industry</topic>
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              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Arbitration</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
              <topic>Alternative Dispute Resolution (A.D.R.)</topic>
              <topic>Unemployment Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Business Ethics</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
              <topic>Arbitration (In the Context of Labor-Management or Employer-Employee Relations) (Cf. Arbitration)</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Food Industry</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Business Ethics</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Arbitration (In the Context of Labor-Management or Employer-Employee Relations) (Cf. Arbitration)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-062-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Union, labor organization, or official of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Labor-Management Relations</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lockport v. Citizens for Community Action, 430 U.S. 259 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 259</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-259</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Legislative Rules and Procedures</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Government Ethics and Transparency</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Municipal Home Rule Law</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>259</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>18</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-03-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 259</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Legislative Rules and Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-063-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New York Western U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady, 430 U.S. 274 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 274</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-274</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
              <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Mississippi State Tax Commission</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Mississippi State Tax Commission</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-064-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Trucking company, or motor carrier</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Mississippi">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Mississippi">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <caseSource state="Mississippi">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1977-01-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Farmer v. Carpenters, 430 U.S. 290 (1976)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America</topic>
              <topic>Labor Management Relations Act (L.M.R.A.)</topic>
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              <topic>Torts Law</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Board (N.L.R.B.)</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Management Relations Act (L.M.R.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-065-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union member</petitioner>
              <respondent>Union, labor organization, or official of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>National Labor Relations, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Oklahoma Publishing Co. v. District Court, 430 U.S. 308 (1977)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>News Media and Reporting</topic>
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              <topic>Prior Restraint</topic>
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              <topic>Journalism</topic>
              <topic>Right of Privacy</topic>
              <topic>Communications</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Children&apos;s Rights</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 308</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of the Press</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>News Media and Reporting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Oklahoma</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prior Restraint</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Children&apos;s Rights</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-066-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Journalist, columnist, member of the news media</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Oklahoma">Court or judicial district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Oklahoma">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Oklahoma">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Califano v. Webster, 430 U.S. 313 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 313</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Gender Equality</topic>
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              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Legal Ethics</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Social Security</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Women&apos;s Rights</topic>
              <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>313</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>22</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-03-21</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 313</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Women&apos;s Rights</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-067-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare</petitioner>
              <respondent>Elderly person, or organization dedicated to the elderly</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Social Security Administration or Commissioner</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Morales v. Turman, 430 U.S. 322 (1977)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
              <topic>Texas Youth Council</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Texas</topic>
              <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Juvenile Crime</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1977-03-21</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 322</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Texas Youth Council</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-068-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Juvenile</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Costello v. Wainwright, 430 U.S. 325 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 325</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
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              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Prison Overcrowding</topic>
              <topic>Florida</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prison Overcrowding</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Florida</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal District Courts or Territorial Courts</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-069-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>District Courts</topic>
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              <topic>Contempt of Court</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Restraining Order</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Failure to Appear</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Comity: Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-070-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">Judge</petitioner>
              <respondent>Debtor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Abstention Doctrine</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Gardner v. Florida, 430 U.S. 349 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 349</partNumber>
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              <topic>Presentence Investigation Report</topic>
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              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
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                   <topic>Death Penalty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-071-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Florida">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Swain v. Pressley, 430 U.S. 372 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 372</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Washington, D.C.</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>District of Columbia Code</topic>
              <topic>District of Columbia Court Reform and Criminal Procedure Act</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 372</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mixed Jurisdictions</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-073-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="District of Columbia">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Brewer v. Williams, 430 U.S. 387 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 387</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
              <topic>Powers of Attorney</topic>
              <topic>Coercion</topic>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Mental Health</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>Legal Ethics</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officials</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1977-03-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Crimes Against Children</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Powers of Attorney</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Coercion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mental Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Ethics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officials</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-074-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Iowa">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Iowa Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to counsel)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Atlas Roofing Co. v. Occupational Safety Comm&apos;n, 430 U.S. 442 (1977)</title>
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              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Secretary of Labor</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Jury Trial (Right To, as Distinct from Extra-Legal Jury Influences)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Trial (Right To, as Distinct from Extra-Legal Jury Influences)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-075-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Seventh Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Santa Fe Industries, Inc. v. Green, 430 U.S. 462 (1977)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Investment</topic>
              <topic>Securities Exchange Act</topic>
              <topic>Delaware</topic>
              <topic>Limitation of Actions</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Business Ethics</topic>
              <topic>Short-Term Merger</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-076-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Stockholder, shareholder, or bondholder</petitioner>
              <respondent>Stockholder, shareholder, or bondholder</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-01-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Securities Act of 1933, the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, or the Williams Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-430-482" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-482/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Castaneda v. Partida, 430 U.S. 482 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 482</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-482</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 482 (1977)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
              <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Mexican-Americans</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Texas</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Jury Selection</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of February 23 through (in part) April 27, 1977, orders of February 23 through April 25, 1977;Castaneda v. Partida, 430 U.S. 482 (1977);430 U.S. 482</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-430-482</accessId>
              <reportNumber>482</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>31</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-03-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 482</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>430 U.S. 482 (1977)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mexican-Americans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Texas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Selection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-077-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Texas">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Racial or ethnic minority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Jones v. Rath Packing Co., 430 U.S. 519 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 519</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-519</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 519 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">430 U.S. 519</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55fbb</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Food Industry</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</topic>
              <topic>Mixed Jurisdictions</topic>
              <topic>Pillsbury CO</topic>
              <topic>General Mills, Inc</topic>
              <topic>Food Labeling</topic>
              <topic>Fair Packaging and Labeling Act</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>California Administrative Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Meat Inspection Act</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
              <topic>Food Safety</topic>
              <topic>California Business and Professions Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of February 23 through (in part) April 27, 1977, orders of February 23 through April 25, 1977;Jones v. Rath Packing Co., 430 U.S. 519 (1977);430 U.S. 519</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>519</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-03-29</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 519</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Food Industry</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mixed Jurisdictions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pillsbury CO</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>General Mills, Inc</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Food Labeling</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Packaging and Labeling Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California Administrative Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Meat Inspection Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Food Safety</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California Business and Professions Code</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-078-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Food, meat packing, or processing company, stockyard</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="California">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-519</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Maness v. Wainwright, Secretary, Department of Offender Rehabilitation of Florida, 430 U.S. 550 (1977)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-550</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 550 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">430 U.S. 550</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55d34</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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         <extension>
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-079-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Writ Improvidently Granted</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>National Geographic v. Cal. Equalization Bd., 430 U.S. 551 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 551</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-551</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
              <topic>National Geographic Society</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Use Tax</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Nonprofit Corporations</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1977-04-04</decisionDate>
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                   <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Geographic Society</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Use Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonprofit Corporations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-080-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Professional organization, business, or person</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="California">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-02-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
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                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
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                   <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-081-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Rosebud Sioux Tribe v. Kneip, 430 U.S. 584 (1977)</title>
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              <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
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              <topic>Property</topic>
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Indians (Other than Pertains to State Jurisdiction Over)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-082-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</petitioner>
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              <caseOrigin>South Dakota U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Alexander v. Fioto, 430 U.S. 634 (1977)</title>
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              <topic>Veterans</topic>
              <topic>Government Trust Funds</topic>
              <topic>National Guard</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Reserve Components of Armed Forces</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>World War II</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Legislative Bodies</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-083-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Veteran</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Army</adminAction>
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              <caseSource>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Antelope, 430 U.S. 641 (1977)</title>
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              <topic>Idaho</topic>
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              <topic>Native Americans</topic>
              <topic>Coeur D&apos;Alene Indian Reservation</topic>
              <topic>North America</topic>
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              <topic>Major Crimes Act</topic>
              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
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                   <topic>Indians (Other than Pertains to State Jurisdiction Over)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1976-084-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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            </law>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651 (1977)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Disciplinary Practices</topic>
              <topic>Education</topic>
              <topic>School Administration</topic>
              <topic>Child Abuse at School</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Corporal Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Child Abuse</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Public Schools</topic>
              <topic>Child Health</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Children&apos;s Rights</topic>
              <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty (Cf. Liability, Civil Rights Acts)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Children&apos;s Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty (Cf. Liability, Civil Rights Acts)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-085-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Student, or applicant for admission to an educational institution</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Florida">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Vorchheimer v. School District of Philadelphia, 430 U.S. 703 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 703</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-703</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 703 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">430 U.S. 703</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55d33</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-086-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Female</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Pennsylvania">Local school district or board of education</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Pennsylvania">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-02-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Equally divided vote</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion></majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>4</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Darden v. Florida, 430 U.S. 704 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 704</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-704</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 704 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">430 U.S. 704</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55faa</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-430-704</accessId>
              <reportNumber>704</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-04-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 704</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>430 U.S. 704 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center"></subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-087-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Florida">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1977-03-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Writ Improvidently Granted</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-704</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-430/pdf/USREPORTS-430-704.pdf</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Wooley v. Maynard, 430 U.S. 705 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 705</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-705</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 705 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">430 U.S. 705</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55fa4</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Religion</topic>
              <topic>Arts and Culture</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Religion</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Church and State Relations</topic>
              <topic>Religious Minorities</topic>
              <topic>New Hampshire</topic>
              <topic>Protest and Dissent</topic>
              <topic>Free Exercise of Religion</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1976, opinions of February 23 through (in part) April 27, 1977, orders of February 23 through April 25, 1977;Wooley v. Maynard, 430 U.S. 705 (1977);430 U.S. 705</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-430-705</accessId>
              <reportNumber>705</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-04-20</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 705</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>430 U.S. 705 (1977)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Religion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Arts and Culture</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Religion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Church and State Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Religious Minorities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New Hampshire</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Protest and Dissent</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Free Exercise of Religion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-088-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New Hampshire">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Religious organization, institution, or person</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New Hampshire U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New Hampshire U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-11-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (free exercise of religion)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-705</url>
              <url access="raw object" displayLabel="PDF rendition">https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-430/pdf/USREPORTS-430-705.pdf</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Gravitt v. Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., 430 U.S. 723 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 723</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-723</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 723 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">430 U.S. 723</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55fb1</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Torts Law</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-430-723</accessId>
              <reportNumber>723</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1977-04-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 723</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-089-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Injured person or legal entity, nonphysically and non-employment related</petitioner>
              <respondent>Telephone, telecommunications, or telegraph company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Consumer Life Ins. Co., 430 U.S. 725 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 725</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-430/USREPORTS-430-725</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 725 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">430 U.S. 725</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55fc1</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Reinsurance Treaties</topic>
              <topic>Health Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
              <topic>Life Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Unearned Premium Reserves</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1977-04-26</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1976</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>430 U.S. 725</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Reinsurance Treaties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Life Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unearned Premium Reserves</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-090-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Insurance company, or surety</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1976-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Trimble v. Gordon, 430 U.S. 762 (1977)</title>
              <partNumber>430 U.S. 762</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">430 U.S. 762 (1977)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">430 U.S. 762</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d55d30</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Illegitimate Children</topic>
              <topic>Illinois Probate Law</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Inheritance and Succession</topic>
              <topic>Buildings and Property</topic>
              <topic>Marriage and Family Status</topic>
              <topic>Death and Dying</topic>
              <topic>Property Rights</topic>
              <topic>Paternity</topic>
              <topic>Children&apos;s Rights</topic>
              <topic>Real Estate</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
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                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Illegitimates, Rights of (Cf. Juveniles): Typically Inheritance and Survivor&apos;s Benefits, and Paternity Suits</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-091-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Heir, or beneficiary, or person so claiming to be</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Immigration and Nationality Act (I.N.A.)</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Illegitimates, Rights of (Cf. Juveniles): Typically Inheritance and Survivor&apos;s Benefits, and Paternity Suits</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-092-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</petitioner>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Federal Law Enforcement Assistance Administration</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Division of Prisons of the North Carolina Department of Correction</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Prisoners&apos; Rights and Defendants&apos; Rights</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
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                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Law Enforcement Assistance Administration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Division of Prisons of the North Carolina Department of Correction</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Due Process: Prisoners&apos; Rights and Defendants&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1976-093-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="North Carolina">State</petitioner>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Orders from February 23 through April 25, 1977</title>
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