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              <topic>Ship Owner&apos;s Duty</topic>
              <topic>Personal Injury</topic>
              <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-421-1</accessId>
              <reportNumber>1</reportNumber>
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                   <topic>Workers&apos; Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Permanent Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Workers Health and Safety</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injured Seaman</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ship Owner&apos;s Duty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Personal Injury</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-079-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Water transportation, stevedore</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Michigan Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-02-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Stanton v. Stanton, 421 U.S. 7 (1975)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Gender Equality Lawsuit</topic>
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              <topic>Divorce</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
              <topic>Gender Equality</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Reasonable Basis for Gender Differential</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Child Support</topic>
              <topic>Utah</topic>
              <topic>Adulthood</topic>
              <topic>Family Law</topic>
              <topic>Period of Minority</topic>
              <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
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                   <topic>Gender Equality Lawsuit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Divorce Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Divorce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gender Equality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonable Basis for Gender Differential</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Families</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Child Support</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Utah</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Adulthood</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Family Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Period of Minority</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Discrimination (Excluding Sex Discrimination in Employment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-080-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Child, children, including adopted or illegitimate</petitioner>
              <respondent>Father</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Utah">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Utah">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-02-19</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>McLucas v. DeChamplain, 421 U.S. 21 (1975)</title>
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              <topic>Unconstitutionally Vague</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Article 134</topic>
              <topic>Military Law</topic>
              <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
              <topic>Rule Exception</topic>
              <topic>Military Justice</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Military: Active Duty</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;McLucas v. DeChamplain, 421 U.S. 21 (1975);421 U.S. 21</searchTitle>
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              <sequenceNumber>11</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1975-04-15</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 21</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Court-Martial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Uniform Code of Military Justice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unauthorized Use of Classified Documents</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unconstitutionally Vague</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Article 134</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rule Exception</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Justice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Military: Active Duty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-081-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Military personnel, or dependent of, including reservist</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1974-12-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Universal Code of Military Justice</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Withrow v. Larkin, 421 U.S. 35 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 35</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-35</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 35 (1975)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Medical Law</topic>
              <topic>Restraining Order</topic>
              <topic>Medical License Suspension</topic>
              <topic>Health Law</topic>
              <topic>Physician Misconduct</topic>
              <topic>Abortion Provider</topic>
              <topic>Professional Misconduct</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>State Medical Examination Board</topic>
              <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
              <topic>Abortion</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Impartial Decision Maker</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Withrow v. Larkin, 421 U.S. 35 (1975);421 U.S. 35</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-421-35</accessId>
              <reportNumber>35</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>12</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1975-04-16</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 35</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 35 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Medical Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Restraining Order</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Medical License Suspension</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Physician Misconduct</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion Provider</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Professional Misconduct</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Medical Examination Board</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Courts</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Impartial Decision Maker</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-082-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Wisconsin">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Wisconsin">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Wisconsin Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Wisconsin Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1974-12-18</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Train v. Natural Resources Def. Council, 421 U.S. 60 (1975)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>State Plan Compliance</topic>
              <topic>State Standards</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Clean Air Amendments of 1970</topic>
              <topic>Environment</topic>
              <topic>Health</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
              <topic>Emissions Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Public Health</topic>
              <topic>Court of Appeals</topic>
              <topic>Georgia</topic>
              <topic>Air Pollution</topic>
              <topic>Air Quality Standards</topic>
              <topic>Ambient Air</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Train v. Natural Resources Def. Council, 421 U.S. 60 (1975);421 U.S. 60</searchTitle>
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                   <topic>State Plan Compliance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Standards</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.)</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Court of Appeals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Georgia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Air Pollution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Air Quality Standards</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ambient Air</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-083-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator</petitioner>
              <respondent>Environmental organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Clean Air, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Colonial Pipeline Co. v. Traigle, 421 U.S. 100 (1975)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Delaware Incorporation</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Delaware</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Corporate Headquarters</topic>
              <topic>Louisiana</topic>
              <topic>Louisiana Corporation Franchise Tax</topic>
              <topic>Petroleum Product Careers</topic>
              <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Georgia</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Colonial Pipeline Co. v. Traigle, 421 U.S. 100 (1975);421 U.S. 100</searchTitle>
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              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 100</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 100 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Delaware Incorporation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Delaware</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporate Headquarters</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Louisiana</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Louisiana Corporation Franchise Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Petroleum Product Careers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Georgia</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-084-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Pipe line company</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Louisiana">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Louisiana">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Louisiana">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Louisiana">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-01-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Kugler v. Helfant, 421 U.S. 117 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 117</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-117</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Right to a Fair Trial</topic>
              <topic>Fair Trial</topic>
              <topic>Coercion by State Deputy Attorney General</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Evidentiary Hearing</topic>
              <topic>Coercion</topic>
              <topic>Comity: Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Kugler v. Helfant, 421 U.S. 117 (1975);421 U.S. 117</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>117</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1975-04-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 117</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 117 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to a Fair Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Coercion by State Deputy Attorney General</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidentiary Hearing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Coercion</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Comity: Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-085-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New Jersey">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Jersey">Judge</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-03-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>NLRB v. Sears, Roebuck &amp; Co., 421 U.S. 132 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 132</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-132</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 132 (1975)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">421 U.S. 132</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d50bac</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>General Counsel&apos;s Advice Branch</topic>
              <topic>National Law Relations Act</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act (F.O.I.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Charges Against Unfair Labor Practice</topic>
              <topic>Right to Appeal</topic>
              <topic>Unfair Labor Practices</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Privacy</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-421-132</accessId>
              <reportNumber>132</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>16</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1975-04-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 132</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 132 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>General Counsel&apos;s Advice Branch</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Law Relations Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Information Act (F.O.I.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Charges Against Unfair Labor Practice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Appeal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unfair Labor Practices</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-086-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-01-14</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Freedom of Information, Sunshine, or Privacy Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Renogiation Board v. Grumman Aircraft, 421 U.S. 168 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 168</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-168</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 168 (1975)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">421 U.S. 168</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Public Contracts and Procurement</topic>
              <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
              <topic>Determination of Excessive Profits</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Government Contract Renegotiation Process</topic>
              <topic>Renegotiation Board</topic>
              <topic>Renegotiation Act of 1951</topic>
              <topic>Regional Board Powers</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act (F.O.I.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Class a Cases</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Privacy</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Renogiation Board v. Grumman Aircraft, 421 U.S. 168 (1975);421 U.S. 168</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-421-168</accessId>
              <reportNumber>168</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>17</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1975-04-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 168</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 168 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Contracts and Procurement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Determination of Excessive Profits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government Contract Renegotiation Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Renegotiation Board</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Renegotiation Act of 1951</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Regional Board Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Information Act (F.O.I.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Class a Cases</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-087-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Renegotiation Board</petitioner>
              <respondent>Government contractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Renegotiation Board</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-01-14</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Freedom of Information, Sunshine, or Privacy Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Costarelli v. Massachusetts, 421 U.S. 193 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 193</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Superior Court</topic>
              <topic>Boston</topic>
              <topic>Denial of a Jury Trial</topic>
              <topic>Municipal Court</topic>
              <topic>Motion for Jury Trial</topic>
              <topic>Appellate Review of Adverse Decision</topic>
              <topic>Two-Tier Trial System</topic>
              <topic>Massachusetts</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Massachusetts Two-Tier Trial System</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Guilty After Trial</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Supreme Court Jurisdiction or Authority on Appeal or Writ of Error, from Highest State Court</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-421-193</accessId>
              <reportNumber>193</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>18</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1975-04-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 193</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 193 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Superior Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boston</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Denial of a Jury Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Municipal Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motion for Jury Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Appellate Review of Adverse Decision</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Two-Tier Trial System</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Massachusetts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Massachusetts Two-Tier Trial System</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Guilty After Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Supreme Court Jurisdiction or Authority on Appeal or Writ of Error, from Highest State Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-088-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Massachusetts">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Massachusetts">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Massachusetts">State Trial Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-03-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Gurley v. Rhoden, 421 U.S. 200 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 200</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-200</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Gasoline Excise Tax</topic>
              <topic>Federal Gasoline Excise Tax</topic>
              <topic>Gross Proceeds of Sales</topic>
              <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Denial of Tax Deduction</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Retail Sales of Personal Property</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-421-200</accessId>
              <reportNumber>200</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>19</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1975-05-12</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 200</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 200 (1975)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Gasoline Excise Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Gasoline Excise Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gross Proceeds of Sales</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Denial of Tax Deduction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Retail Sales of Personal Property</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-089-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Distributor</petitioner>
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              <caseOrigin state="Mississippi">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Mississippi">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (takings clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Picketing</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1968</topic>
              <topic>Constitutionality of Conspiracy Statutes</topic>
              <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Boycotts</topic>
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                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Comity: Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-090-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Racial or ethnic minority</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Mississippi">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Mississippi Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society, 421 U.S. 240 (1975)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Statutory Authorization</topic>
              <topic>Private Attorney General Approach</topic>
              <topic>Recoverability of Fees</topic>
              <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>American Rule</topic>
              <topic>Court of Appeals</topic>
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                   <topic>Statutory Authorization</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Recoverability of Fees</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorneys</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1974-091-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Pipe line company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Environmental organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseOrigin>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Hill v. Stone, 421 U.S. 289 (1975)</title>
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              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
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              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
              <topic>Buildings and Property</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Personal Property</topic>
              <topic>Election Law</topic>
              <topic>Right to Vote</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>City Library Construction</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Voting</topic>
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                   <topic>Suffrage</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Real, Mixed, or Personal Property</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Personal Property</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Voting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-092-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Texas">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William J. Brennan, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>United States v. Wilson, 421 U.S. 309 (1975)</title>
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              <topic>Summary Contempt</topic>
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              <topic>Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Bank Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Contempt of Court</topic>
              <topic>Invocation of Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Contempt of Court or Congress</topic>
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                   <topic>Summary Contempt</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Contempt of Court or Congress</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-093-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Witness, or person under subpoena</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Notice of Tax Lien</topic>
              <topic>Federal Tax Assessments</topic>
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              <topic>Tax Avoidance</topic>
              <topic>Constructive Custody of Cash Proceeds</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Act</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Failure to Pay Taxes</topic>
              <topic>Asset Transfer</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Court</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Notice of Tax Lien</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Tax Assessments</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Tax Avoidance</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.)</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Bankruptcy Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-094-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Van Lare v. Hurley, 421 U.S. 338 (1975)</title>
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              <topic>Lodger</topic>
              <topic>Inalienable Title</topic>
              <topic>Textbook Loans in Public Schools</topic>
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              <topic>Auxiliary Services</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Instructional Material Loans for Nonpublic Schools</topic>
              <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Pennsylvania Compulsory Attendance Requirements</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Dependent</topic>
              <topic>Pro Rata</topic>
              <topic>Act 195</topic>
              <topic>Establishment Clause</topic>
              <topic>Nonlegally Responsible Resident</topic>
              <topic>Family Law</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
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                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Shelter Allowance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lodger</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inalienable Title</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Textbook Loans in Public Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Auxiliary Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Instructional Material Loans for Nonpublic Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pennsylvania Compulsory Attendance Requirements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Families</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dependent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pro Rata</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Act 195</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Establishment Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonlegally Responsible Resident</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Family Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-095-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">State department or agency</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indigent, needy, welfare recipient</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="New York">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
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              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Aid to Families with Dependent Children provisions of the Social Security Act, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Meek v. Pittenger, 421 U.S. 349 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 349</partNumber>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-349</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Testing</topic>
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              <topic>Act 195</topic>
              <topic>Counseling</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Religion</topic>
              <topic>Education</topic>
              <topic>Auxiliary Services</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Private Schools</topic>
              <topic>Psychological Services</topic>
              <topic>Instructional Materials and Equipment</topic>
              <topic>Speech and Hearing Therapy</topic>
              <topic>Useful to Education</topic>
              <topic>Textbook Loans</topic>
              <topic>Establishment Clause</topic>
              <topic>Textbooks</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
              <topic>Parochiaid: Government Aid to Religious Schools, or Religious Requirements in Public Schools</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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         <extension>
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                   <topic>Testing</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Act 195</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Psychological Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Instructional Materials and Equipment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Speech and Hearing Therapy</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Textbook Loans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Establishment Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Textbooks</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Parochiaid: Government Aid to Religious Schools, or Religious Requirements in Public Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-096-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Pennsylvania">State or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Pennsylvania">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Pennsylvania">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (establishment of religion)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Reliable Transfer Co., 421 U.S. 397 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 397</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-397</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 397 (1975)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d50bc6</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Rule of Divided Damage</topic>
              <topic>Contributory Fault</topic>
              <topic>Property Damage</topic>
              <topic>Divided Damages</topic>
              <topic>Liability</topic>
              <topic>Admiralty Rule</topic>
              <topic>Maritime Collision</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Degree of Fault</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 397</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Rule of Divided Damage</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contributory Fault</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Damage</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Divided Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Admiralty Rule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime Collision</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Degree of Fault</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-098-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Water transportation, stevedore</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Tort Claims, or Alien Tort Statute</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Securities Investor Protection v. Barbour, 421 U.S. 412 (1975)</title>
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              <topic>Financial Relief</topic>
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              <topic>Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970</topic>
              <topic>Consumer Protection</topic>
              <topic>Nonprofit Corporations</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Broker-Dealer</topic>
              <topic>Customer Protection</topic>
              <topic>Securities and Exchange Commission (S.E.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>Financial Liquidation of Failing Broker-Dealers</topic>
              <topic>Securities on Deposit</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Financial Relief</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Financial Liquidation of Failing Broker-Dealers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities on Deposit</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-099-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Securities and Exchange Commission</petitioner>
              <respondent>Investor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Securities and Exchange Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Tennessee Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ellis v. Dyson, 421 U.S. 426 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 426</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Bad Faith Prosecution</topic>
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              <topic>Dallas</topic>
              <topic>Nolo Contendere</topic>
              <topic>Texas</topic>
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              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Loitering</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Comity: Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Ellis v. Dyson, 421 U.S. 426 (1975);421 U.S. 426</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>426</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>29</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1975-05-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 426</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 426 (1975)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Bad Faith Prosecution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Steffel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Municipal Court</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Comity: Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1974-100-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1974-11-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Johnson v. Railway Express Agency, 421 U.S. 454 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 454</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-454</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 454 (1975)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d50bd7</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination Charge</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (E.E.O.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Limitations Period</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Delayed Filing of Cause of Action</topic>
              <topic>Title Seven</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employment Discrimination Charge</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights Act of 1964</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (E.E.O.C.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Limitations Period</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Delayed Filing of Cause of Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Title Seven</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-101-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Racial or ethnic minority employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Tennessee Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Putative conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1974-12-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Dallas County v. Reese, 421 U.S. 477 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 477</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-477</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 477 (1975)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">421 U.S. 477</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d50bc9</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>County Representation</topic>
              <topic>Unequal Residency Districts</topic>
              <topic>Alabama Statutory System</topic>
              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>Dallas County Commission</topic>
              <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
              <topic>Countrywide Balloting</topic>
              <topic>Election Law</topic>
              <topic>District Populations</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Dallas County v. Reese, 421 U.S. 477 (1975);421 U.S. 477</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>477</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>31</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1975-05-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 477</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 477 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>County Representation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unequal Residency Districts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alabama Statutory System</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dallas County Commission</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Countrywide Balloting</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-102-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Alabama">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</petitioner>
              <respondent>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Alabama Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-421-482" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-482/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Pitchess v. Davis, 421 U.S. 482 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 482</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-482</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 482 (1975)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">421 U.S. 482</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d50b73</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Exculpatory Laboratory Report</topic>
              <topic>Exculpatory Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Rape</topic>
              <topic>Right to a Fair Trial</topic>
              <topic>Writ of Prohibition</topic>
              <topic>Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Crimes Against Women</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>Exhaustion of Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Court of Appeals</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Destruction of Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Pitchess v. Davis, 421 U.S. 482 (1975);421 U.S. 482</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-421-482</accessId>
              <reportNumber>482</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>32</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1975-05-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 482</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 482 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Exculpatory Laboratory Report</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Exculpatory Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rape</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to a Fair Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Writ of Prohibition</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crimes Against Women</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Exhaustion of Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Court of Appeals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Destruction of Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-103-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>28 U.S.C. �� 2241-2255 (habeas corpus)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Eastland v. United States Servicemen&apos;s Fund, 421 U.S. 491 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 491</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-491</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 491 (1975)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">421 U.S. 491</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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              <topic>Duces Tecum</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Alternative Avenue of Relief</topic>
              <topic>Internal Security Act of 1950</topic>
              <topic>Activities Harmful to United States Armed Forces</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Interference Immunity</topic>
              <topic>National Security</topic>
              <topic>Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security</topic>
              <topic>Legitimate Legislative Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Investigations: Concerning Internal Security Only</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Eastland v. United States Servicemen&apos;s Fund, 421 U.S. 491 (1975);421 U.S. 491</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-421-491</accessId>
              <reportNumber>491</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>33</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1975-05-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 491</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 491 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Duces Tecum</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alternative Avenue of Relief</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Security Act of 1950</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Activities Harmful to United States Armed Forces</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Interference Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legitimate Legislative Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Investigations: Concerning Internal Security Only</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-104-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>U.S. Senate</petitioner>
              <respondent>Protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or nonindigent loiterer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-01-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 6, Paragraph 1 (speech or debate clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-491</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Breed v. Jones, 421 U.S. 519 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 519</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-519</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 519 (1975)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">421 U.S. 519</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d50bb1</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Minors</topic>
              <topic>Mental Health</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
              <topic>California Superior Court</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Juveniles (Cf. Rights of Illegitimates)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Breed v. Jones, 421 U.S. 519 (1975);421 U.S. 519</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-421-519</accessId>
              <reportNumber>519</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>34</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1975-05-27</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 519</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 519 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Minors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mental Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California Superior Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Juveniles (Cf. Rights of Illegitimates)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-105-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Juvenile</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Conflict between federal court and state court</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-02-25</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (double jeopardy)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Pay Board</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Wage Stabilization</topic>
              <topic>Economic Stabilization Act of 1970</topic>
              <topic>Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Salary and Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Ohio</topic>
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                   <topic>National Supremacy: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-106-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Ohio">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Pay Board (established under the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970)</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Ohio Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Temporary Emergency U.S. Court of Appeals</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
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              <topic>Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of (L.M.R.D.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Secretary of Labor</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Union Elections</topic>
              <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1974-107-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Labor</petitioner>
              <respondent>Union member</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Labor</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Administrative Procedure, or Administrative Orders Review</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Appendix to Opinion of the Court (Putz 421) 578 (1974)</title>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Mississippi Tax Comm&apos;n, 421 U.S. 599 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 599</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-599</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Out-of-State Liquor Suppliers</topic>
              <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
              <topic>Mississippi Tax Commission</topic>
              <topic>Exclusive Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Tax Collection from Military Installations</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
              <topic>Markup on Liquor</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Concurrent Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Wholesale Markup</topic>
              <topic>National Supremacy: Intergovernmental Tax Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
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                   <topic>Out-of-State Liquor Suppliers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Markup on Liquor</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>National Supremacy: Intergovernmental Tax Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1974-108-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Mississippi">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Mississippi">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Twenty-First Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Connell Co. v. Plumbers &amp; Steamfitters, 421 U.S. 616 (1975)</title>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Subcontracting Agreement Exemption</topic>
              <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
              <topic>Most Favored Nation Clause</topic>
              <topic>Texas Antirust Laws</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Union Antitrust: Legality of Anticompetitive Union Activity</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
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                   <topic>Union Antitrust: Legality of Anticompetitive Union Activity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-109-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Construction industry</petitioner>
              <respondent>Union, labor organization, or official of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>National Labor Relations, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Connor v. Waller, 421 U.S. 656 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 656</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Statutes Submitted for Clearance</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
              <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965</topic>
              <topic>Election Law</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Election Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights Act of 1965, Plus Amendments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-110-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Mississippi">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Mississippi Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Mississippi Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Voting Rights Act of 1965, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Park, 421 U.S. 658 (1975)</title>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d50bcf</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (F.D.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Unsanitary Conditions</topic>
              <topic>Wrongful Action</topic>
              <topic>Legally Sanitary</topic>
              <topic>Egregious Social Harm</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Food Shipments</topic>
              <topic>Supervisory Responsibility</topic>
              <topic>Strict Liability</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Warehouse Conditions</topic>
              <topic>Rodent Contamination</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
              <topic>Food Safety</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Consumer Protection: Typically Under the Truth in Lending, Food, Drug and Cosmetic, and Consumer Protection Credit Acts</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (F.D.A.)</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Unsanitary Conditions</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Legally Sanitary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Egregious Social Harm</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Food Shipments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Supervisory Responsibility</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Strict Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Warehouse Conditions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rodent Contamination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Food Safety</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal or State Consumer Protection: Typically Under the Truth in Lending, Food, Drug and Cosmetic, and Consumer Protection Credit Acts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-111-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Food and Drug Administration</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Maryland U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Putative conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-03-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic, and related statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Mullaney v. Wilbur, 421 U.S. 684 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 684</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-684</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 684 (1975)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Maine</topic>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure Rules</topic>
              <topic>Reduction in Charge</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Heat of Passion</topic>
              <topic>Sudden Provocation</topic>
              <topic>Mandatory Sentence</topic>
              <topic>Reduction in Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Homicide to Manslaughter</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Murder Trial</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Mullaney v. Wilbur, 421 U.S. 684 (1975);421 U.S. 684</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>684</reportNumber>
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                   <topic>Maine</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Heat of Passion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sudden Provocation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mandatory Sentence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reduction in Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide to Manslaughter</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Murder Trial</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-112-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Maine">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Maine U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-01-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-421-707" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-707/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Philbrook v. Glodgett, 421 U.S. 707 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 707</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-707</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 707 (1975)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">421 U.S. 707</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d50b75</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Dependent Children</topic>
              <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
              <topic>Aid to Needy Families with Children Program</topic>
              <topic>Unemployment Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Vermont Unemployed-Father Program</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Aid to Families with Dependent Children (A.F.D.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Deprivation Caused by Parental Unemployment</topic>
              <topic>Family Law</topic>
              <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
              <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Philbrook v. Glodgett, 421 U.S. 707 (1975);421 U.S. 707</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-421-707</accessId>
              <reportNumber>707</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>43</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1975-06-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 707</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 707 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Dependent Children</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aid to Needy Families with Children Program</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unemployment Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Vermont Unemployed-Father Program</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Families</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aid to Families with Dependent Children (A.F.D.C.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Deprivation Caused by Parental Unemployment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Family Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty Law, Statutory: Welfare Benefits, Typically Under Some Social Security Act Provision.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-113-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Vermont">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Unemployed person or unemployment compensation applicant or claimant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Vermont">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Vermont U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Vermont U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-03-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Aid to Families with Dependent Children provisions of the Social Security Act, plus amendments</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Blue Chip Stamps v. Manor Drug Stores, 421 U.S. 723 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 723</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-723</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">421 U.S. 723 (1975)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Deceptive Devices</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Consent Decree Petition</topic>
              <topic>Strict Loss</topic>
              <topic>False Statements</topic>
              <topic>Securities Exchange Act of 1934</topic>
              <topic>Private Damages Action</topic>
              <topic>Purchase or Sale of Security</topic>
              <topic>Securities and Exchange Commission (S.E.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Purchase of Sale or Stock</topic>
              <topic>Birnbaum Rule Exceptions</topic>
              <topic>Misleading Statements</topic>
              <topic>Class Action Lawsuit</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Blue Chip Stamps v. Manor Drug Stores, 421 U.S. 723 (1975);421 U.S. 723</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-421-723</accessId>
              <reportNumber>723</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>44</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
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              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Securities Exchange Act of 1934</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Private Damages Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Purchase or Sale of Security</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Purchase of Sale or Stock</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Birnbaum Rule Exceptions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Misleading Statements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Class Action Lawsuit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-114-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Tender offer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Shareholders to whom a tender offer is made</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1975-03-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Securities Act of 1933, the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, or the Williams Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Edwards, Governor of Louisiana, et al. v. Healy et al., 421 U.S. 772 (1975)</title>
              <partNumber>421 U.S. 772</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-421/USREPORTS-421-772</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1974, opinions of April 15 through (in part) June 16, 1975, orders of April 7 through June 9, 1975;Edwards, Governor of Louisiana, et al. v. Healy et al., 421 U.S. 772 (1975);421 U.S. 772</searchTitle>
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              <courtTerm>1974</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>421 U.S. 772</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>421 U.S. 772 (1975)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-115-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Louisiana">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Female</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Price Fixing</topic>
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              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Minimum-Fee Schedule</topic>
              <topic>Virginia State Bar</topic>
              <topic>Title Examination</topic>
              <topic>Fairfax County Bar Association</topic>
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            </subject>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Jury Selection</topic>
              <topic>Jury Bias</topic>
              <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Pretrial Publicity</topic>
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                   <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Pretrial Publicity</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1974-117-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1974-118-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Publisher, publishing company</petitioner>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>Low Interest Mortgage Loans</topic>
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                   <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Securities</topic>
                                        
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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