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                   <topic>Bodies of Water</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Public Policy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Overseas Commercial Activity</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Foreign Trade and International Finance</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Forum-Selection Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trade and Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trade Agreements and Negotiations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Election of Remedies: Legal Remedies Available to Injured Persons or Things</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-133-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Foreign (non-American) nongovernmental entity</petitioner>
              <respondent>Oil company, or natural gas producer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972)</title>
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              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
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                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-134-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
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                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Fuentes v. Shevin, 407 U.S. 67 (1972)</title>
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              <topic>Possession</topic>
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              <topic>Right to Be Heard</topic>
              <topic>Seizure of Goods</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Waiver</topic>
              <topic>State Powers</topic>
              <topic>Debtors&apos; Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Writ of Replevin</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State Powers</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Debtors&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-135-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Buyer, purchaser</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>4</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Colten v. Kentucky, 407 U.S. 104 (1972)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Disorderly Conduct</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Protest Demonstrations (Other than as Pertains to Sit-in Demonstrations): Demonstrations and Other Forms of Protest Based on First Amendment Guarantees</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1972-06-12</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1971</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>407 U.S. 104</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>De Novo Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Traffic Violations</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Protest Demonstrations (Other than as Pertains to Sit-in Demonstrations): Demonstrations and Other Forms of Protest Based on First Amendment Guarantees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-136-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or nonindigent loiterer</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Kentucky">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
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              <caseSource state="Kentucky">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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              <title>James. v. Strange, 407 U.S. 128 (1972)</title>
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              <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
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              <topic>Interest</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Recoupment Statute</topic>
              <topic>Indigents: Costs or Filing Fees</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indigent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Debt</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Indigents: Costs or Filing Fees</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1971-137-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Kansas">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indigent defendant</respondent>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
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                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-138-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Connecticut">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Connecticut U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1972-04-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis, 407 U.S. 163 (1972)</title>
              <partNumber>407 U.S. 163</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Private Clubs</topic>
              <topic>Standing</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>State Action</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Membership</topic>
              <topic>Case or Controversy</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Relief</topic>
              <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Private Clubs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Standing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Action</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-139-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Private club or facility</petitioner>
              <respondent>Racial or ethnic minority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Pennsylvania Middle U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1972-02-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Taylor v. McKeithen, 407 U.S. 191 (1972)</title>
              <partNumber>407 U.S. 191</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">407 U.S. 191</identifier>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Boundaries</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
              <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment</topic>
              <topic>Gerrymandering</topic>
              <topic>Census</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-407-191</accessId>
              <reportNumber>191</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>16</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1972-06-12</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1971</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>407 U.S. 191</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>407 U.S. 191 (1972)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Boundaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maps and Mapping</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gerrymandering</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Census</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-140-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Louisiana">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Flower v. United States, 407 U.S. 197 (1972)</title>
              <partNumber>407 U.S. 197</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-407/USREPORTS-407-197</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">407 U.S. 197</identifier>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Police Powers</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1972-06-12</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1971</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>407 U.S. 197</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>407 U.S. 197 (1972)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Military Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Police Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-141-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or nonindigent loiterer</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Army</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Texas Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ivan V. v. City of New York, 407 U.S. 203 (1972)</title>
              <partNumber>407 U.S. 203</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-407/USREPORTS-407-203</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">407 U.S. 203 (1972)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">407 U.S. 203</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Reasonable Doubt</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Juvenile Crime</topic>
              <topic>Retroactivity (Of Newly Announced or Newly Enacted Constitutional or Statutory Rights)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1972-06-12</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1971</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reasonable Doubt</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Retroactivity (Of Newly Announced or Newly Enacted Constitutional or Statutory Rights)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-142-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Juvenile</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New York">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Retroactive application of a constitutional right</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Pennsylvania v. New York, 407 U.S. 206 (1972)</title>
              <partNumber>407 U.S. 206</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
              <topic>Escheat</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Money Orders</topic>
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              <topic>Special Master</topic>
              <topic>Banks and Financial Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Credit</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1972-06-19</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1971</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Escheat</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Credit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-143-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Pennsylvania">State</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New York">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1972-03-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Mitchum v. Foster, 407 U.S. 225 (1972)</title>
              <partNumber>407 U.S. 225</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">407 U.S. 225 (1972)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d462d0</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Anti-Injunction</topic>
              <topic>Enjoin</topic>
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              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
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              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Consideration</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Prosecution</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
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              <topic>Comity: Obscenity</topic>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Comity: Obscenity</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-144-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bookstore, newsstand, printer, bindery, purveyor or distributor of books or magazines</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Florida Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Health</topic>
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              <topic>Contempt of Court</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Detainment</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Defective Delinquent</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Miscellaneous (Cf. Loyalty Oath), the Residual Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1971-145-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Involuntarily committed mental patient</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Maryland">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Maryland">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Maryland">State Trial Court</caseSource>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Flood v. Kuhn, 407 U.S. 258 (1972)</title>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
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              <topic>Stare Decisis</topic>
              <topic>Reserve System</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1971</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-146-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Professional organization, business, or person</petitioner>
              <respondent>Professional organization, business, or person</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. United States District Court, 407 U.S. 297 (1972)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Central Intelligence Agency, (C.I.A.)</topic>
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              <topic>Criminal Activity</topic>
              <topic>Congressional Neutrality</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Approval</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>National Security</topic>
              <topic>Electronic Surveillance</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Government Property</topic>
              <topic>Right of Privacy</topic>
              <topic>Executive Powers</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Wiretaps</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure, Crime Control Act</topic>
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure, Crime Control Act</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1971-147-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="United States">Court or judicial district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Michigan Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Shadwick v. City of Tampa, 407 U.S. 345 (1972)</title>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <docketId>1971-148-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Murel et al. v. Baltimore City Criminal Court, 407 U.S. 355 (1972)</title>
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                   <topic>Self-Incrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Burden of Proof</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Health Facilities and Institutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Confinement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-149-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Involuntarily committed mental patient</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Maryland">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Maryland U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Writ Improvidently Granted</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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                   <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1971-150-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Arkansas">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Arkansas">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (double jeopardy)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
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              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1971-151-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1972-01-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Harmless Error</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Pipefitters v. United States, 407 U.S. 385 (1972)</title>
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              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
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              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
              <topic>Indictment</topic>
              <topic>Union Membership</topic>
              <topic>Political Action Committee</topic>
              <topic>Political Funds</topic>
              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
              <topic>Campaigns</topic>
              <topic>Assessments</topic>
              <topic>Campaign Finance</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Interpretations</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Dues</topic>
              <topic>Corruption, Governmental or Governmental Regulation of Other than as in Campaign Spending</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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         <extension>
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                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Witnesses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indictment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Union Membership</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Political Funds</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Assessments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Campaign Finance</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1971-152-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1972-01-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Election Campaign</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Wright v. Council of the City of Emporia, 407 U.S. 451 (1972)</title>
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              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Bias</topic>
              <topic>Enjoin</topic>
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              <topic>Public Education</topic>
              <topic>Discriminatory Purpose</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Political Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Segregation</topic>
              <topic>Interpretations</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Choice</topic>
              <topic>Parents Right to Educate</topic>
              <topic>School System</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
              <topic>School District</topic>
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                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motivation</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1971-153-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Racial or ethnic minority</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Virginia">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>United States v. Scotland Neck Bd. of Educ., 407 U.S. 484 (1972)</title>
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              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Minority and Ethnic Relations</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Choice</topic>
              <topic>Dual School System</topic>
              <topic>Segregation</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>School District</topic>
              <topic>Desegregation, Schools</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School Administration</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Choice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dual School System</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Segregation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>School District</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Desegregation, Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1971-154-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="North Carolina">Local school district or board of education</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin>North Carolina Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Jury Selection</topic>
              <topic>Grand Juries</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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              <docketId>1971-155-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Georgia">State</respondent>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Government</topic>
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              <topic>Right to a Speedy Trial</topic>
              <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Balancing Test</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Pretrial Incarceration</topic>
              <topic>Waiver</topic>
              <topic>Speedy Trial</topic>
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              <docketId>1971-156-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Kentucky">State</respondent>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Central Hardware Co. v. NLRB, 407 U.S. 539 (1972)</title>
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              <topic>Property Rights</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
              <topic>Unfair Labor Practices</topic>
              <topic>Labor Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Right to Organize</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
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                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Solicitation</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1971-157-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
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              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>National Labor Relations, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
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              <topic>Religious Literature</topic>
              <topic>Public Use</topic>
              <topic>Handbills</topic>
              <topic>Property Rights</topic>
              <topic>Shopping Center</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
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              <docketId>1971-158-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Shopping center, mall</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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