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              <dateArgument>1971-01-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Utah v. United States, 403 U.S. 9 (1971)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Bodies of Water</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Great Salt Lake</topic>
              <topic>Shore Lands</topic>
              <topic>Environment</topic>
              <topic>Equal Footing</topic>
              <topic>Navigable</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Federal-State Ownership Dispute (Cf. Submerged Lands Act)</topic>
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                   <topic>Bodies of Water</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Great Salt Lake</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Shore Lands</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Footing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Navigable</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Federal-State Ownership Dispute (Cf. Submerged Lands Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-120-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Utah">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Original</jurisdiction>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1971-04-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Stay, petition, or motion granted</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e83</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Offensive Conduct</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Disturbing the Peace</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>California Penal Code</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Expletives</topic>
              <topic>Public Display</topic>
              <topic>Protest Demonstrations (Other than as Pertains to Sit-in Demonstrations): Demonstrations and Other Forms of Protest Based on First Amendment Guarantees</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>15</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1971-06-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>403 U.S. 15</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Offenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Offensive Conduct</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Disturbing the Peace</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>California Penal Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Expletives</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Display</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Protest Demonstrations (Other than as Pertains to Sit-in Demonstrations): Demonstrations and Other Forms of Protest Based on First Amendment Guarantees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-121-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or nonindigent loiterer</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1971-02-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Marshall Harlan, II</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Rosenbloom v. Metromedia, Inc., 403 U.S. 29 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 29</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-29</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">403 U.S. 29 (1971)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">403 U.S. 29</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e92</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Diversity Action</topic>
              <topic>Slander and Libel</topic>
              <topic>Adult Material</topic>
              <topic>News Media and Reporting</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Obscenity Charges</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Arrest</topic>
              <topic>Police Interference</topic>
              <topic>Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Possession of Obscene Literature</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Communications</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Obscene Material</topic>
              <topic>District Court</topic>
              <topic>Libel, Defamation: Defamation of Public Officials and Public and Private Persons</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1970, June 7 through June 30, 1971;Rosenbloom v. Metromedia, Inc., 403 U.S. 29 (1971);403 U.S. 29</searchTitle>
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              <decisionDate>1971-06-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Diversity Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Slander and Libel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Adult Material</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>News Media and Reporting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Obscenity Charges</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Arrest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Police Interference</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctive Relief</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Possession of Obscene Literature</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Communications</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Obscene Material</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Court</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Libel, Defamation: Defamation of Public Officials and Public and Private Persons</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-122-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bookstore, newsstand, printer, bindery, purveyor or distributor of books or magazines</petitioner>
              <respondent>Radio station</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1970-12-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Griffin v. Breckenridge, 403 U.S. 88 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 88</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-88</identifier>
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              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Motor Vehicles</topic>
              <topic>Equal Rights</topic>
              <topic>Mississippi</topic>
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              <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Roads and Highways</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Assembly</topic>
              <topic>Assault and Battery</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Travel</topic>
              <topic>Hostile Actions</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Thirteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Damages Action</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>District Court</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
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                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Association</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Equal Rights</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Travel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hostile Actions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Thirteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Damages Action</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>District Court</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-123-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Racial or ethnic minority</petitioner>
              <respondent>Private person</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Mississippi Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1971-01-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1985)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ely v. Klahr, 403 U.S. 108 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 108</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-108</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e82</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Arizona Laws</topic>
              <topic>District Court</topic>
              <topic>Apportionment Plans</topic>
              <topic>Districting Laws</topic>
              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>1970 Elections</topic>
              <topic>1970 Census Figures</topic>
              <topic>Arizona</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1971-06-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>403 U.S. 108</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>403 U.S. 108 (1971)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Arizona Laws</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Apportionment Plans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Districting Laws</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>1970 Elections</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>1970 Census Figures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Arizona</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-124-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Arizona">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Arizona U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Arizona U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1971-03-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Whitcomb v. Chavis, 403 U.S. 124 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 124</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-124</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">403 U.S. 124</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e8f</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Dilution of Votes</topic>
              <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Multi-Member Districts</topic>
              <topic>Single Member Districts</topic>
              <topic>Indiana</topic>
              <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
              <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
              <topic>Redistricting</topic>
              <topic>Election Law</topic>
              <topic>State Elections</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <usCitation>403 U.S. 124</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dilution of Votes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Multi-Member Districts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Single Member Districts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indiana</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Voting Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Redistricting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Election Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Elections</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-125-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Indiana">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Racial or ethnic minority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Indiana Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Indiana Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1970-12-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Byron Raymond White</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-403-182" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-182/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Abate v. Mundt, 403 U.S. 182 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 182</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-182</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">403 U.S. 182 (1971)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">403 U.S. 182</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e65</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment</topic>
              <topic>County Supervisors</topic>
              <topic>New York</topic>
              <topic>Intergovernmental Coordination</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Malapportionment</topic>
              <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1970, June 7 through June 30, 1971;Abate v. Mundt, 403 U.S. 182 (1971);403 U.S. 182</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-403-182</accessId>
              <reportNumber>182</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>15</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1971-06-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>403 U.S. 182</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>403 U.S. 182 (1971)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>County Supervisors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intergovernmental Coordination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Malapportionment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Reapportionment: Other than Plans Governed by the Voting Rights Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-126-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New York">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1970-11-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Mitchell, 403 U.S. 190 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 190</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-190</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">403 U.S. 190 (1971)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">403 U.S. 190</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e81</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Community Rights</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Louisiana Community Property</topic>
              <topic>Federal Income Taxes</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>190</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1971-06-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>403 U.S. 190</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>403 U.S. 190 (1971)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Families</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Community Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Louisiana Community Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Income Taxes</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-127-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Wife, or ex-wife</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Tax Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1971-04-20</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-190</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Connell v. Higginbotham, 403 U.S. 207 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 207</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-207</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">403 U.S. 207 (1971)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">403 U.S. 207</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e93</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Public Employees</topic>
              <topic>Employment Condition</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Florida</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Loyalty Oaths</topic>
              <topic>Florida Statutes</topic>
              <topic>Loyalty Oath: Teachers</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1971-06-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>403 U.S. 207</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>403 U.S. 207 (1971)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Public Employees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employment Condition</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Florida</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Loyalty Oaths</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Florida Statutes</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Loyalty Oath: Teachers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-128-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Florida">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Florida">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Florida Middle U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1970-11-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Johnson v. Mississippi, 403 U.S. 212 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 212</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-212</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">403 U.S. 212 (1971)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">403 U.S. 212</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e99</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Recuse</topic>
              <topic>Judges</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Contempt</topic>
              <topic>Fair Hearing</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Prejudice</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Courtroom Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Contempt of Court or Congress</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>212</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>18</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1971-06-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>403 U.S. 212</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>403 U.S. 212 (1971)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Recuse</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judges</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Contempt</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Hearing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Prejudice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Courtroom Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Contempt of Court or Congress</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-129-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Mississippi">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Mississippi">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Mississippi">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1971-04-21</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Palmer v. Thompson, 403 U.S. 217 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 217</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">403 U.S. 217 (1971)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">403 U.S. 217</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e6b</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>District Court</topic>
              <topic>Mississippi</topic>
              <topic>Sports and Recreation</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Public Recreational Facilities</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Desegregation</topic>
              <topic>Swimming Pools</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Segregation</topic>
              <topic>Sports and Recreation Facilities</topic>
              <topic>City Council</topic>
              <topic>Pool Closure</topic>
              <topic>Anti-Discrimination Laws</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Thirteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>District Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mississippi</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sports and Recreation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Recreational Facilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Desegregation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Swimming Pools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judiciary</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Segregation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sports and Recreation Facilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>City Council</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pool Closure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Anti-Discrimination Laws</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Thirteenth Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-130-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Racial or ethnic minority</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Mississippi">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Mississippi Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Motor Coach Employees of America v. Lockridge, 403 U.S. 274 (1971)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-274</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Union Security Clause</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Idaho</topic>
              <topic>Lost Wages</topic>
              <topic>Breach of Contract</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Collective Bargaining Agreements</topic>
              <topic>Union Workers</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discharge</topic>
              <topic>Good Standing Membership</topic>
              <topic>Dues</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Union-Union Member Dispute (Except as Pertains to Union or Closed Shop)</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1970, June 7 through June 30, 1971;Motor Coach Employees of America v. Lockridge, 403 U.S. 274 (1971);403 U.S. 274</searchTitle>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Union Security Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Idaho</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lost Wages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Breach of Contract</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Collective Bargaining Agreements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Union Workers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employment Discharge</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Good Standing Membership</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dues</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Union-Union Member Dispute (Except as Pertains to Union or Closed Shop)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-131-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Union member</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Idaho">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Idaho">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1970-12-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>National Labor Relations, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Marshall Harlan, II</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hodgson v. Steelworkers, 403 U.S. 333 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 333</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-333</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">403 U.S. 333 (1971)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">403 U.S. 333</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Meeting-Attendance Rule</topic>
              <topic>Union Elections</topic>
              <topic>Challenge an Election</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Internal Union Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959</topic>
              <topic>Union-Union Member Dispute (Except as Pertains to Union or Closed Shop)</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1970, June 7 through June 30, 1971;Hodgson v. Steelworkers, 403 U.S. 333 (1971);403 U.S. 333</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-403-333</accessId>
              <reportNumber>333</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1971-06-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>403 U.S. 333</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>403 U.S. 333 (1971)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Meeting-Attendance Rule</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Union Elections</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Challenge an Election</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Union Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Union-Union Member Dispute (Except as Pertains to Union or Closed Shop)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-132-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Labor</petitioner>
              <respondent>Union, labor organization, or official of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Labor</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>California Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1971-03-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Thurgood Marshall</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Commissioner v. Lincoln Savings &amp; Loan Assn., 403 U.S. 345 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 345</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-403/USREPORTS-403-345</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">403 U.S. 345 (1971)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">403 U.S. 345</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e8c</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Income Taxes</topic>
              <topic>State-Charted Savings and Loan Association</topic>
              <topic>Ordinary Business Expenses</topic>
              <topic>Additional Premium</topic>
              <topic>Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Not Tax Deductible</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Necessary Business Expenses</topic>
              <topic>National Housing Act</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <reportNumber>345</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1971-06-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>403 U.S. 345</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>403 U.S. 345 (1971)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Income Taxes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State-Charted Savings and Loan Association</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ordinary Business Expenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Additional Premium</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Not Tax Deductible</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Necessary Business Expenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Housing Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-133-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Tax Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1971-02-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Graham v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 365 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 365</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">403 U.S. 365 (1971)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">403 U.S. 365</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e66</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
              <topic>Resident Aliens</topic>
              <topic>Residency Requirement</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
              <topic>Exclusive Federal Powers</topic>
              <topic>15-Year Durational Residency Requirement</topic>
              <topic>Undocumented Immigrants</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
              <topic>Immigration and Naturalization: Welfare Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1971-06-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>403 U.S. 365</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>403 U.S. 365 (1971)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Social Welfare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Resident Aliens</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Residency Requirement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Poverty and Welfare Assistance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Exclusive Federal Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>15-Year Durational Residency Requirement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Undocumented Immigrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Social Security Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Immigration and Naturalization: Welfare Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-134-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Arizona">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Arizona">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Arizona U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Arizona U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Simpson v. Florida, 403 U.S. 384 (1971)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
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              <topic>Motion to Suppress</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>General Jury Verdict</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Robbery</topic>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
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                   <topic>Mutuality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motion to Quash Information</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Robbery</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-135-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Florida">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Warren Earl Burger</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (double jeopardy)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Warrantless Searches</topic>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Immunity Due to Official Position</topic>
              <topic>Cause of Action</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Narcotics Charges</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>District Court</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-138-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Injured person or legal entity, nonphysically and non-employment related</petitioner>
              <respondent state="United States">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin>New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>Political Organizations</topic>
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              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Nominating Petition</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Political Bodies</topic>
              <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
              <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
              <topic>Votes</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Ballot Access (Of Candidates and Political Parties)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1971-06-21</decisionDate>
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                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Association</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Political Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection Clause</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Nominating Petition</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Public Participation and Lobbying</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Votes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Ballot Access (Of Candidates and Political Parties)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-136-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Georgia">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
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              <caseSource>Georgia Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443 (1971)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Motion to Suppress Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Lie Detector Tests</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
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              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Incriminating Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Warrantless Searches</topic>
              <topic>Warrantless Seizures</topic>
              <topic>Search Warrants</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Theft</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Motion to Suppress Evidence</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Theft</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure, Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-137-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Hampshire">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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              <caseSource state="New Hampshire">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourth Amendment</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William Orville Douglas</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, 403 U.S. 528 (1971)</title>
              <partNumber>403 U.S. 528</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d44e89</identifier>
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              <topic>North Carolina</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Adjudicative Stage</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Jury Trial Requests</topic>
              <topic>Right to a Jury Trial</topic>
              <topic>Delinquency</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Juvenile Crime</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Juveniles (Cf. Rights of Illegitimates)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <reportNumber>528</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1971-06-21</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>403 U.S. 528</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Juvenile Trials</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Juvenile Court Delinquency Proceedings</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Right to a Jury Trial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Delinquency</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Juvenile Crime</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Juveniles (Cf. Rights of Illegitimates)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-139-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Juvenile</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Pennsylvania">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Pennsylvania">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Pennsylvania">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to trial by jury)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Harris, 403 U.S. 573 (1971)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Illicit Liquor</topic>
              <topic>Drug Trafficking</topic>
              <topic>Possession of Nontax Paid Liquor</topic>
              <topic>Reputation</topic>
              <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
              <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
              <topic>Search Warrants</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Nontax Paid Liquor</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
              <topic>Whiskey</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Insufficient Affidavit</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1970</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Illicit Liquor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drug Trafficking</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Possession of Nontax Paid Liquor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reputation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Drugs and Narcotics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search Warrants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nontax Paid Liquor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Whiskey</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insufficient Affidavit</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1970-140-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
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                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Religion</topic>
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              <topic>Roman Catholic</topic>
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              <topic>Pennsylvania&apos;s Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act</topic>
              <topic>Rhode Island&apos;s 1969 Salary Supplement Act</topic>
              <topic>Establishment Clause</topic>
              <topic>Excessive Entanglement</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Parochiaid: Government Aid to Religious Schools, or Religious Requirements in Public Schools</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-141-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Pennsylvania">State or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Pennsylvania">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
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                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (establishment of religion)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Tilton v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 672 (1971)</title>
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              <topic>Education</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Religion</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Conditions</topic>
              <topic>Limitations of Federal Funds</topic>
              <topic>Federal Construction Grants</topic>
              <topic>Religious Buildings</topic>
              <topic>Sectarian</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963</topic>
              <topic>Parochiaid: Government Aid to Religious Schools, or Religious Requirements in Public Schools</topic>
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                   <topic>Parochiaid: Government Aid to Religious Schools, or Religious Requirements in Public Schools</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1970-142-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Connecticut">State or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of</petitioner>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Warren Earl Burger</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Clay v. United States, 403 U.S. 698 (1971)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Three Tests for Conscientious Objector Status</topic>
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              <topic>Induction</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Conscientious Objector</topic>
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              <topic>Selective Service</topic>
              <topic>Protest and Dissent</topic>
              <topic>Conscientious Objectors (Cf. Military Draftee or Military Active Duty) to Military Service</topic>
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                   <topic>Three Tests for Conscientious Objector Status</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Conscientious Objectors (Cf. Military Draftee or Military Active Duty) to Military Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1970-143-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person subject to selective service, including conscientious objector</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Selective Service System</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hunter v. Tennessee, 403 U.S. 711 (1971)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Time-Limitation Provision</topic>
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              <topic>Bills of Exceptions</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
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              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Death Sentence</topic>
              <topic>Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Penalty (Cf. Extra Legal Jury Influence, Death Rights) Penalty)</topic>
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                   <topic>Time-Limitation Provision</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rape</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1970-144-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Tennessee">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Tennessee">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Tennessee">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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                   <assigner>Warren Earl Burger</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <title>New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971)</title>
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              <topic>Burden for Showing Justification for the Enforcement of a Prior Restraint</topic>
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              <topic>Washington Post</topic>
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              <topic>Classified Material</topic>
              <topic>Communications</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>New York Times</topic>
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                   <topic>Burden for Showing Justification for the Enforcement of a Prior Restraint</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>News Media and Reporting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Washington Post</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1970-145-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Newspaper, newsletter, journal of opinion, news service</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1971-06-26</dateArgument>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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