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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1961-01-23</decisionDate>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Inflation and Prices</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York City</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Industrial Buyers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Public Utilities Regulation: Gas Pipeline (Cf. Federal Transportation Regulation: Pipeline)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1960-032-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Federal Power Commission</petitioner>
              <respondent>Pipe line company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Power Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1960-11-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Natural Gas, or Natural Gas Policy Acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Earl Warren</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Times Film Corp. v. Chicago, 365 U.S. 43 (1961)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Prior Restraint</topic>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Television and Film</topic>
              <topic>Chicago</topic>
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              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>Prior Restraint</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Illinois</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1960-033-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Movie, play, pictorial representation, theatrical production, actor, or exhibitor or distributor of</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Other reason</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Felix Frankfurter</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Campbell v. United States, 365 U.S. 85 (1961)</title>
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              <topic>Judges</topic>
              <topic>Mishandling Evidence</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Appellate Courts</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
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                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Missing Documents</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judges</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Discovery and Inspection (In the Context of Criminal Litigation Only, Otherwise Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1960-034-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Massachusetts U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Jencks</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
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              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>McNeal v. Culver, 365 U.S. 109 (1961)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
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              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Mental Health</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
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                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1960-035-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Florida">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1960-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to counsel)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Charles Evans Whittaker</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Labor Board v. Mattison Machine Works, 365 U.S. 123 (1961)</title>
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              <topic>Corporate Name</topic>
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Representative Election</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1960-036-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</petitioner>
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              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseOrigin>
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              <dateArgument>1961-01-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Parke, Davis &amp; Co., 365 U.S. 125 (1961)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1960-037-01</docketId>
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                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Eastern R. Conf. v. Noerr Motors, 365 U.S. 127 (1961)</title>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1960-038-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Railroad</petitioner>
              <respondent>Trucking company, or motor carrier</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1960-12-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sherman</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Fruehauf, 365 U.S. 146 (1961)</title>
              <partNumber>365 U.S. 146</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-365/USREPORTS-365-146</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Loans</topic>
              <topic>District Court</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Loans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>District Court</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1960-039-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1961-01-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Maynard v. Durham &amp; S. R. Co., 365 U.S. 160 (1961)</title>
              <partNumber>365 U.S. 160</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-365/USREPORTS-365-160</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">365 U.S. 160</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d15e6a</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Salaries and Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Release Form</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Damages</topic>
              <topic>Sufficiency of Evidence: Typically in the Context of a Jury&apos;s Determination of Compensation for Injury or Death</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1960, January 23 through April 17, 1961;Maynard v. Durham &amp; S. R. Co., 365 U.S. 160 (1961);365 U.S. 160</searchTitle>
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              <decisionDate>1961-02-20</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1960</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>365 U.S. 160</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Salaries and Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Release Form</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Damages</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Sufficiency of Evidence: Typically in the Context of a Jury&apos;s Determination of Compensation for Injury or Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1960-040-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Railroad</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="North Carolina">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="North Carolina">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Other reason</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1961-01-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Employers&apos; Liability, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Monroe v. Pape, 365 U.S. 167 (1961)</title>
              <partNumber>365 U.S. 167</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-365/USREPORTS-365-167</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d15e64</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
              <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
              <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
              <topic>Overuse of Authority</topic>
              <topic>Deprivation of Rights</topic>
              <topic>Illinois</topic>
              <topic>Section 1983 Actions</topic>
              <topic>Chicago</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Police Action</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Election of Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Specific Intent</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Ku Klux Act</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minority Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Overuse of Authority</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Deprivation of Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Illinois</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Section 1983 Actions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Chicago</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Police Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Election of Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Specific Intent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ku Klux Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1960-041-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Racial or ethnic minority</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Other reason</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1960-11-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Schnell v. Peter Eckrich &amp; Sons, 365 U.S. 260 (1961)</title>
              <partNumber>365 U.S. 260</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-365/USREPORTS-365-260</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">365 U.S. 260 (1961)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d15e34</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Unauthorized Production</topic>
              <topic>Patent Infringement</topic>
              <topic>Patents</topic>
              <topic>Venue</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1960, January 23 through April 17, 1961;Schnell v. Peter Eckrich &amp; Sons, 365 U.S. 260 (1961);365 U.S. 260</searchTitle>
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              <sequenceNumber>19</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1961-02-20</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1960</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>365 U.S. 260</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unauthorized Production</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patent Infringement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patents</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1960-042-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Inventor, patent assigner, trademark owner or holder</petitioner>
              <respondent>Manufacturer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Indiana Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1961-01-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Costello v. United States, 365 U.S. 265 (1961)</title>
              <partNumber>365 U.S. 265</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-365/USREPORTS-365-265</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d15e5c</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Naturalization</topic>
              <topic>Citizenship and Nationality</topic>
              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Immigration</topic>
              <topic>Employment-Based Immigration</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
              <topic>Immigration and Naturalization: Loss of Citizenship, Denaturalization</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1960</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Naturalization</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Citizenship and Nationality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employment-Based Immigration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration and Naturalization: Loss of Citizenship, Denaturalization</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1960-043-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1960-12-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Immigration and Naturalization, Immigration, Nationality, or Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Felix Frankfurter</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Charles Evans Whittaker</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
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                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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              <title>Egan v. City of Aurora, 365 U.S. 514 (1961)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
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              <docketId>1960-057-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Illinois">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. �� 1983)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Thornton v. Ohio, 365 U.S. 516 (1961)</title>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Laurens Fed. Savings &amp; Loan Assn. v. S. C. Tax Comm&apos;n, 365 U.S. 517 (1961)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>State Stamp Tax</topic>
              <topic>Advances</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Promissory Notes</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>State Stamp Tax</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1960-058-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company</petitioner>
              <respondent state="South Carolina">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="South Carolina">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="South Carolina">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="South Carolina">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Reynolds v. Cochran, 365 U.S. 525 (1961)</title>
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              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Trial Judge</topic>
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                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1960-059-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Arrested person, or pretrial detainee</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Rogers v. Richmond, 365 U.S. 534 (1961)</title>
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              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
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                   <topic>Coercion</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>False Confession</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1960-060-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Connecticut">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Connecticut U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1960-061-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Potter Stewart</writer>
                                        
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                   <topic>Hiring Arrangements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Membership Fees and Dues</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Union Security Agreements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Union or Closed Shop: Includes Agency Shop Litigation</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1960-067-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Membership Fees and Dues</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Seniority</topic>
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                   <topic>Hiring Halls</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Hiring Arrangements</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1960-068-01</docketId>
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              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Labor Board v. News Syndicate Co., 365 U.S. 695 (1961)</title>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Union Security Agreements</topic>
              <topic>Hiring Arrangements</topic>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Membership Fees and Dues</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Collective Bargaining Agreements</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Union or Closed Shop: Includes Agency Shop Litigation</topic>
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                   <topic>Hiring Arrangements</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Union or Closed Shop: Includes Agency Shop Litigation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1960-069-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Publisher, publishing company</respondent>
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              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Typographical Union v. Labor Board, 365 U.S. 705 (1961)</title>
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              <topic>Collective Bargaining Agreements</topic>
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                   <topic>Negotiation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Hiring Arrangements</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Union or Closed Shop: Includes Agency Shop Litigation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1960-070-01</docketId>
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              <respondent>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Smith v. Bennett, 365 U.S. 708 (1961)</title>
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Court Costs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1960-071-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Indigent defendant</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Iowa">State</respondent>
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                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority, 365 U.S. 715 (1961)</title>
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              <topic>Buildings and Property</topic>
              <topic>State Action</topic>
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                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1960-072-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person or organization protesting racial or ethnic segregation or discrimination</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Delaware">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Kossick v. United Fruit Co., 365 U.S. 731 (1961)</title>
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              <topic>Health</topic>
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              <docketId>1960-073-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>John Marshall Harlan, II</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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                   <topic>Air Force Base</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1960-074-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Tenant or lessee</petitioner>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article VI, Section 2 (supremacy clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Charles Evans Whittaker</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Bulova Watch Co. v. United States, 365 U.S. 753 (1961)</title>
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              <topic>Taxation</topic>
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              <topic>Carry-Backs</topic>
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              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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                   <topic>Income Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Overpayment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Excess Profits</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1960-075-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Charles Evans Whittaker</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Coppola v. United States, 365 U.S. 762 (1961)</title>
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              <docketId>1960-076-01</docketId>
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                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Bolton v. Schuylkill Haven, 365 U.S. 767 (1961)</title>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Walgreen Co. v. Commissioner of Taxation, 365 U.S. 767 (1961)</title>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Verret v. Oil Transport Co., 365 U.S. 768 (1961)</title>
              <partNumber>365 U.S. 768</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
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                   <topic>Mootness (Cf. Standing to Sue: Live Dispute)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1960-077-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Shipper, including importer and exporter</petitioner>
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                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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