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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>East Asia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Treaties and International Agreements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Justice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Necessary and Proper Clause</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Military: Active Duty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-101-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="United States">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Wife, or ex-wife</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Rehearing or restored to calendar for reargument</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseSource>
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              <dateRearg>1957-02-27</dateRearg>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Universal Code of Military Justice</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>Act of congress declared unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Erie Doctrine</topic>
              <topic>Shareholder Derivative Suits</topic>
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              <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
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              <docketId>1956-102-01</docketId>
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              <caseOrigin>California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Swanson v. Traer, 354 U.S. 114 (1957)</title>
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              <docketId>1956-103-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Stockholder, shareholder, or bondholder</petitioner>
              <respondent>Management, executive officer, or director, of business entity</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Curcio v. United States, 354 U.S. 118 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Subpoenas Ad Testificandum</topic>
              <topic>Grand Jury</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Subpoenas Duces Tecem</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Contempt of Court</topic>
              <topic>Racketeering</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Organized Crime and Gangs</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Privilege Against Self-Incrimination</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Self-Incrimination (Other than as Pertains to Miranda or Immunity from Prosecution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1956-104-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (self-incrimination)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harold Hitz Burton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>British Transport Comm&apos;n v. U. S., 354 U.S. 129 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Cross-Claims</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Accidental Death</topic>
              <topic>Impleader</topic>
              <topic>Limitations on Damages</topic>
              <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-105-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Foreign (non-American) nongovernmental entity</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Lake Tankers Corp. v. Henn, 354 U.S. 147 (1957)</title>
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              <docketId>1956-106-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>John Marshall Harlan, II</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
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                   <writer>Earl Warren</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Earl Warren</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Teamsters Union v. Vogt, Inc., 354 U.S. 284 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>354 U.S. 284</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-354/USREPORTS-354-284</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">354 U.S. 284 (1957)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0c0b3</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Picketing</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <usCitation>354 U.S. 284</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Picketing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-112-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Wisconsin">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Wisconsin">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Other reason</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1957-02-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Felix Frankfurter</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Yates v. United States, 354 U.S. 298 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>354 U.S. 298</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-354/USREPORTS-354-298</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0c09f</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Res Judicata</topic>
              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
              <topic>Communism</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sedition</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crimes Against the State</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Internal Security Legislation: Smith, Internal Security, and Related Federal Statutes</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1956, June 10 through July 11, 1957;Yates v. United States, 354 U.S. 298 (1957);354 U.S. 298</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-354-298</accessId>
              <reportNumber>298</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>20</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1957-06-17</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>354 U.S. 298</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Res Judicata</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Communism</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sedition</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crimes Against the State</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal or State Internal Security Legislation: Smith, Internal Security, and Related Federal Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-113-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1956-10-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Smith, Subversive Activities Control, Communist Control, or other similar federal legislation (also see 346)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Marshall Harlan, II</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Calamaro, 354 U.S. 351 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>354 U.S. 351</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-354/USREPORTS-354-351</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">354 U.S. 351 (1957)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0c05f</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Lotteries</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Messengers</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Wagering Excise Taxes</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation of Gifts, Personal, Business, or Professional Expenses</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1956, June 10 through July 11, 1957;United States v. Calamaro, 354 U.S. 351 (1957);354 U.S. 351</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
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              <decisionDate>1957-06-17</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>354 U.S. 351</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>354 U.S. 351 (1957)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lotteries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Messengers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wagering Excise Taxes</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation of Gifts, Personal, Business, or Professional Expenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-120-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1957-03-04</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Marshall Harlan, II</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Service v. Dulles, 354 U.S. 363 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>354 U.S. 363</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-354/USREPORTS-354-363</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">354 U.S. 363 (1957)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0c0ae</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Employee Dismissal</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Mccarran Rider</topic>
              <topic>Communism</topic>
              <topic>U.S. Department of State (D.O.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Federal Employee Loyalty Program</topic>
              <topic>Espionage</topic>
              <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
              <topic>China</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Service</topic>
              <topic>National Security</topic>
              <topic>East Asia</topic>
              <topic>Security Risks: Denial of Benefits or Dismissal of Employees for Reasons Other than Failure to Meet Loyalty Oath Requirements</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1956, June 10 through July 11, 1957;Service v. Dulles, 354 U.S. 363 (1957);354 U.S. 363</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-354-363</accessId>
              <reportNumber>363</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1957-06-17</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>354 U.S. 363</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>354 U.S. 363 (1957)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Dismissal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mccarran Rider</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Communism</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>U.S. Department of State (D.O.S.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Employee Loyalty Program</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Espionage</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>China</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Security</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>East Asia</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Security Risks: Denial of Benefits or Dismissal of Employees for Reasons Other than Failure to Meet Loyalty Oath Requirements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-121-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent>Department or Secretary of State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of State</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1957-04-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Executive Order</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Marshall Harlan, II</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>West Point Grocery Co. v. Opelika, 354 U.S. 390 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>354 U.S. 390</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-354/USREPORTS-354-390</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">354 U.S. 390 (1957)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">354 U.S. 390</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0c0b7</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Grocery Delivery</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1957-06-17</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>354 U.S. 390</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>354 U.S. 390 (1957)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Grocery Delivery</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-122-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Wholesale trade</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Alabama">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Alabama">State Appellate Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Alabama">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1957-04-24</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>Municipal or other local ordinance unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Marshall Harlan, II</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Blackburn v. Alabama, 354 U.S. 393 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>354 U.S. 393</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-354/USREPORTS-354-393</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">354 U.S. 393 (1957)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>No Merits: Remand to Determine Basis of State or Federal Court Decision (Cf. Judicial Administration: State Law)</topic>
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        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1957-06-17</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>354 U.S. 393</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>354 U.S. 393 (1957)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>No Merits: Remand to Determine Basis of State or Federal Court Decision (Cf. Judicial Administration: State Law)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-123-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Alabama">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Alabama">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Alabama">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1957-05-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Carroll v. United States, 354 U.S. 394 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>354 U.S. 394</partNumber>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-354/USREPORTS-354-394</identifier>
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              <topic>Evidence</topic>
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              <topic>Arrest Warrants</topic>
              <topic>Final Judgments</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Miscellaneous</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interlocutory Orders</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-124-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Earl Warren</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt, 354 U.S. 416 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>354 U.S. 416</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-354/USREPORTS-354-416</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Alimony</topic>
              <topic>Families</topic>
              <topic>Full Faith and Credit</topic>
              <topic>Divorce</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Family Law</topic>
              <topic>Personal Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Jurisdiction (Jurisdiction over Non-Resident Litigants)</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1957-06-24</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>354 U.S. 416</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Alimony</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Families</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Full Faith and Credit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Divorce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Due Process: Jurisdiction (Jurisdiction over Non-Resident Litigants)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-125-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Husband, or ex-husband</petitioner>
              <respondent>Wife, or ex-wife</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1957-04-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article IV, Section 1 (full faith and credit clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Kingsley Books, Inc., et al. v. Brown, Corporation Counsel, 354 U.S. 436 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>354 U.S. 436</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-354/USREPORTS-354-436</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Obscenity</topic>
              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Books</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of the Press</topic>
              <topic>Destruction of Unlawful Materials</topic>
              <topic>Pornography</topic>
              <topic>Prior Restraints</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Equitable Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1957-06-24</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>354 U.S. 436</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Obscenity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Books</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of the Press</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Destruction of Unlawful Materials</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pornography</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prior Restraints</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equitable Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-126-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bookstore, newsstand, printer, bindery, purveyor or distributor of books or magazines</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New York">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1957-04-22</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Felix Frankfurter</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Mallory v. United States, 354 U.S. 449 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>354 U.S. 449</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-354/USREPORTS-354-449</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0c099</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Lie Detector Tests</topic>
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              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crimes Against Women</topic>
              <topic>Confession After Unreasonable Delay</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Right to Remain Silent</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
              <topic>Arraignment</topic>
              <topic>Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>354 U.S. 449</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Lie Detector Tests</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Right to Remain Silent</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Arraignment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-127-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1957-04-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Morey v. Doud, 354 U.S. 457 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>354 U.S. 457</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
              <topic>Money Orders</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Currency Exchange</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Financial Services</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1957-06-24</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>354 U.S. 457</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>354 U.S. 457 (1957)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Money Orders</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Financial Services</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-128-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Illinois">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Seller or vendor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harold Hitz Burton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <subject>
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              <docketId>1956-129-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bookstore, newsstand, printer, bindery, purveyor or distributor of books or magazines</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>McBride v. Toledo Terminal Railroad Co., 354 U.S. 517 (1957)</title>
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                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-132-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Railroad</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Ohio">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Employers&apos; Liability, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Farley v. United States, 354 U.S. 521 (1957)</title>
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                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-133-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
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                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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