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              <docketId>1956-001-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Earl Warren</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Good Faith</topic>
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                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-004-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Brownell v. Chase National Bank, 352 U.S. 36 (1956)</title>
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                   <topic>World War II</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-005-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Attorney general of the United States, or his office</petitioner>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Bergh, 352 U.S. 40 (1956)</title>
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              <topic>Collective Bargaining Agreements</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
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                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-006-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <title>United States v. Western Pac. R. Co., 352 U.S. 59 (1956)</title>
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              <topic>Limitation of Actions</topic>
              <topic>Incendiary Bombs</topic>
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              <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Tariffs</topic>
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                   <topic>Incendiary Bombs</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-008-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Railroad</respondent>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>John Marshall Harlan, II</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <title>United States v. Chesapeake &amp; O. R. Co., 352 U.S. 77 (1956)</title>
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              <topic>Tariffs</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
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              <reportNumber>77</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>15</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1956-12-03</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>352 U.S. 77</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>352 U.S. 77 (1956)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Supplies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Primary Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Limitation of Actions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tariffs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-009-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Railroad</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1956-10-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Interstate Commerce, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Marshall Harlan, II</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Putnam v. Commissioner, 352 U.S. 82 (1956)</title>
              <partNumber>352 U.S. 82</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-352/USREPORTS-352-82</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">352 U.S. 82 (1956)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">352 U.S. 82</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0e69b</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Bad Debts</topic>
              <topic>Income Tax Deductions</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation of Gifts, Personal, Business, or Professional Expenses</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1956, October 1, 1956, through March 11, 1957;Putnam v. Commissioner, 352 U.S. 82 (1956);352 U.S. 82</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-352-82</accessId>
              <reportNumber>82</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1956-12-03</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>352 U.S. 82</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>352 U.S. 82 (1956)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Income Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bad Debts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Income Tax Deductions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation of Gifts, Personal, Business, or Professional Expenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-010-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Debtor</petitioner>
              <respondent>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Tax Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1956-10-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Nelson v. New York City, 352 U.S. 103 (1956)</title>
              <partNumber>352 U.S. 103</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-352/USREPORTS-352-103</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Unpaid Utility Bills</topic>
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              <topic>Just Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Default Judgment</topic>
              <topic>Notice</topic>
              <topic>Buildings and Property</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Real Estate</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1956-12-10</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Unpaid Utility Bills</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreclosure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Just Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Notice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Buildings and Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-011-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New York">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1956-11-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Earl Warren</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Walker v. City of Hutchinson, 352 U.S. 112 (1956)</title>
              <partNumber>352 U.S. 112</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-352/USREPORTS-352-112</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">352 U.S. 112 (1956)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0e68a</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Notice</topic>
              <topic>Newspaper Publication</topic>
              <topic>Eminent Domain</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Hearing or Notice (Other than as Pertains to Government Employees or Prisoners&apos; Rights)</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1956-12-10</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>352 U.S. 112</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Notice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Newspaper Publication</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Eminent Domain</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Due Process: Hearing or Notice (Other than as Pertains to Government Employees or Prisoners&apos; Rights)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-012-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Kansas">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Kansas">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Kansas">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1956-10-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Massachusetts Bonding Co. v. U. S., 352 U.S. 128 (1956)</title>
              <partNumber>352 U.S. 128</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-352/USREPORTS-352-128</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Negligence</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Compensatory Damages</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Accidental Death</topic>
              <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
              <topic>Punitive Damages</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1956-12-10</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>352 U.S. 128</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Compensatory Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Accidental Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Punitive Damages</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-013-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Massachusetts U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1956-11-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Tort Claims, or Alien Tort Statute</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Leedom v. International Union, 352 U.S. 145 (1956)</title>
              <partNumber>352 U.S. 145</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-352/USREPORTS-352-145</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Communism</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>False Affidavits</topic>
              <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1956-12-10</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>352 U.S. 145</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Communism</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>False Affidavits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-014-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Union, labor organization, or official of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1956-11-14</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Labor-Management Relations</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Meat Cutters v. Labor Board, 352 U.S. 153 (1956)</title>
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              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
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              <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-015-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. I. C. C., 352 U.S. 158 (1956)</title>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce Commission (I.C.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>World War II</topic>
              <topic>Justiciable Controversy</topic>
              <topic>Tariffs</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce Act of 1887</topic>
              <topic>Wharfage and Handling</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Railroad</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Allowances</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Tariffs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce Act of 1887</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wharfage and Handling</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Railroad</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-016-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Interstate Commerce Commission</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Interstate Commerce Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1956-10-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Interstate Commerce, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Stanley Forman Reed</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Brownell v. Tom We Shung, 352 U.S. 180 (1956)</title>
              <partNumber>352 U.S. 180</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-352/USREPORTS-352-180</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Exclusion and Denial of Entry</topic>
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              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
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              <topic>Declaratory Judgments</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
              <topic>Family-Based Immigration</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Deportation (Cf. Immigration and Naturalization)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1956-12-17</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1956</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Exclusion and Denial of Entry</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Deportation (Cf. Immigration and Naturalization)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-017-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Attorney general of the United States, or his office</petitioner>
              <respondent>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Board of Immigration Appeals</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Immigration and Naturalization, Immigration, Nationality, or Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Leslie Miller, Inc., v. Arkansas, 352 U.S. 187 (1956)</title>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Preemption</topic>
              <topic>Military Procurement</topic>
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              <topic>Federalism</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Licensing Violations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Preemption</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-018-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Government contractor</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Arkansas">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Arkansas">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Fikes v. Alabama, 352 U.S. 191 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Crimes Against Property</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Capital Punishment</topic>
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                   <topic>Mental Incompetence</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Involuntary Confession</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-019-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Alabama">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Alabama">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Alabama">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Earl Warren</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Plesha, 352 U.S. 202 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Military Law</topic>
              <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
              <topic>Premiums</topic>
              <topic>Military Personnel</topic>
              <topic>Life Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Policy Lapse</topic>
              <topic>Military: Veteran</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Insurance</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-020-01</docketId>
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              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Howard, 352 U.S. 212 (1957)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Marine Resources and Fisheries</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
              <topic>Black Bass</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Marine Resources and Fisheries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Natural Resources - Environmental Protection (Cf. National Supremacy: Natural Resources, National Supremacy: Pollution)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1956-021-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Leiter Minerals, Inc., v. United States, 352 U.S. 220 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
              <topic>Stays</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
              <topic>Comity Primarily Removal Cases, Civil Procedure (Cf. Comity, Criminal and First Amendment), Deference to Foreign Judicial Tribunals</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Leases</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Comity Primarily Removal Cases, Civil Procedure (Cf. Comity, Criminal and First Amendment), Deference to Foreign Judicial Tribunals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-022-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Delli Paoli v. United States, 352 U.S. 232 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Confessions</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
              <topic>Jury Instructions</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Prejudicial Statements or Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Confessions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alcoholic Beverages</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Extra-Legal Jury Influences: Prejudicial Statements or Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-023-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1956-10-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harold Hitz Burton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>La Buy v. Howes Leather Co., 352 U.S. 249 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Special Master</topic>
              <topic>Extraordinary Writs</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary Powers</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Special Master</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1956-024-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="United States">Judge</petitioner>
              <respondent>Manufacturer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Soriano v. United States, 352 U.S. 270 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Limitation of Actions</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
              <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
              <topic>World War II</topic>
              <topic>East Asia</topic>
              <topic>Philippines</topic>
              <topic>Militias and Paramilitary Groups</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Untimely Filing</topic>
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                   <topic>Japan</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tolling</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Army</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Untimely Filing</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-025-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <docketId>1956-026-01</docketId>
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                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Labor Board v. Lion Oil Co., 352 U.S. 282 (1957)</title>
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              <docketId>1956-027-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>National Labor Relations, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Earl Warren</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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              <title>United States v. Allen-Bradley Co., 352 U.S. 306 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Amortization</topic>
              <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Income Tax Deductions</topic>
              <topic>World War II</topic>
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              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-028-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>National Lead Co. v. Commissioner, 352 U.S. 313 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>World War II</topic>
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                   <topic>Partial Certification</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-029-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Rayonier Inc. v. United States, 352 U.S. 315 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Forests and Timber</topic>
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              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
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                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-030-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Injured person or legal entity, nonphysically and non-employment related</petitioner>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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         <subject>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
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              <topic>Banks and Financial Institutions</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
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              <topic>Robbery</topic>
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              <docketId>1956-033-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin>Texas Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Earl Warren</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <title>In re Groban, 352 U.S. 330 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
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              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Privilege Against Self-Incrimination</topic>
              <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
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                   <topic>Fires</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Right to Counsel (Cf. Indigents Appointment of Counsel or Inadequate Representation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1956-034-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Witness, or person under subpoena</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Ohio">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Stanley Forman Reed</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Pollard v. United States, 352 U.S. 354 (1957)</title>
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              <topic>Right to a Speedy Trial</topic>
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              <topic>White-Collar Crime</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-035-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Minnesota U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Stanley Forman Reed</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Senko v. LaCrosse Dredging Corp., 352 U.S. 370 (1957)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Sufficiency of Evidence: Typically in the Context of a Jury&apos;s Determination of Compensation for Injury or Death</topic>
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        </subject>
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                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Personal Injuries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crew Members</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dredging</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Sufficiency of Evidence: Typically in the Context of a Jury&apos;s Determination of Compensation for Injury or Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1956-036-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Water transportation, stevedore</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Illinois">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Earl Warren</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1956-12-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Jones, or Death on the High Seas</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Butler v. Michigan, 352 U.S. 380 (1957)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>Obscenity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Books</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Obscenity, State (Cf. Comity: Privacy): Including the Regulation of Sexually Explicit Material Under the 21st Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-037-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Michigan">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Michigan">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Michigan">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Nilva v. United States, 352 U.S. 385 (1957)</title>
              <partNumber>352 U.S. 385</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Obstruction of Justice</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
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              <topic>Sports and Recreation</topic>
              <topic>Subpoena Noncompliance</topic>
              <topic>Slot Machines</topic>
              <topic>Gambling</topic>
              <topic>Subpoenas Duces Tecem</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Contempt of Court</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Obstruction of Justice</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sports and Recreation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Subpoena Noncompliance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Slot Machines</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gambling</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Subpoenas Duces Tecem</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sentencing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contempt of Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Contempt of Court or Congress</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1956-038-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Attorney, or person acting as such, includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
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                   <writer>Harold Hitz Burton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Stanley Forman Reed</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <docketId>1956-039-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Harold Hitz Burton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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                   <topic>Zone Pricing</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-040-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
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                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Stanley Forman Reed</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-042-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1956-043-01</docketId>
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                   <assigner>Stanley Forman Reed</assigner>
                                    
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                   <writer>John Marshall Harlan, II</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>William J. Brennan, Jr.</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Earl Warren</assigner>
                                    
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