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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Price Control</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transfers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Orders</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal or State Consumer Protection: Typically Under the Truth in Lending, Food, Drug and Cosmetic, and Consumer Protection Credit Acts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-054-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Seller or vendor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Office of Price Administration, or Price Administrator</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-03-06</dateArgument>
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              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Executive Order</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>American Fire &amp; Cas. Co. v. Finn, 341 U.S. 6 (1951)</title>
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              <topic>Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Agency</topic>
              <topic>Removal</topic>
              <topic>Texas</topic>
              <topic>Cause of Action</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Corporations</topic>
              <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Nonresidents</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Venue</topic>
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              <reportNumber>6</reportNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1951-04-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1950</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>341 U.S. 6</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>341 U.S. 6 (1951)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agency</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Removal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Texas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Cause of Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Corporations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Original Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonresidents</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-055-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Insurance company, or surety</petitioner>
              <respondent>Heir, or beneficiary, or person so claiming to be</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Texas">Texas Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1950-12-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Dyer v. Sims, 341 U.S. 22 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 22</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-341/USREPORTS-341-22</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0a46f</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Compact Clause</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Obligations</topic>
              <topic>Delegations</topic>
              <topic>Rivers and Waterways</topic>
              <topic>Ohio River</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Compacts</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Pollution</topic>
              <topic>Miscellaneous Interstate Relations Conflict</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1950, from April 9 through June 4, 1951 (end of term);Dyer v. Sims, 341 U.S. 22 (1951);341 U.S. 22</searchTitle>
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              <sequenceNumber>11</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1951-04-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1950</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>341 U.S. 22</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>341 U.S. 22 (1951)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Compact Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Obligations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Delegations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rivers and Waterways</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ohio River</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Compacts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Pollution</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Miscellaneous Interstate Relations Conflict</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-056-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent state="West Virginia">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Administrative agency established under an interstate compact (except for the MTC)</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="West Virginia">State Supreme Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="West Virginia">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1950-12-05</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Interstate Compact</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Robertson v. Chambers, 341 U.S. 37 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 37</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-341/USREPORTS-341-37</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">341 U.S. 37 (1951)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">341 U.S. 37</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0a499</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Granting Powers</topic>
              <topic>Medical History</topic>
              <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Retirement</topic>
              <topic>Service Records</topic>
              <topic>Army</topic>
              <topic>Disability</topic>
              <topic>Military Law</topic>
              <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
              <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
              <topic>Military Personnel</topic>
              <topic>Military: Active Duty</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1950, from April 9 through June 4, 1951 (end of term);Robertson v. Chambers, 341 U.S. 37 (1951);341 U.S. 37</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-341-37</accessId>
              <reportNumber>37</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>12</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1951-04-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1950</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>341 U.S. 37</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>341 U.S. 37 (1951)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Granting Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Medical History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Retirement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Service Records</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Army</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Disability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>People with Disabilities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Personnel</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Military: Active Duty</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-057-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Army</petitioner>
              <respondent>Military personnel, or dependent of, including reservist</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Army</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="District of Columbia">District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-03-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Selective Service, Military Selective Service, or Universal Military Service and Training Acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Moser v. United States, 341 U.S. 41 (1951)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>West Europe</topic>
              <topic>Military Service</topic>
              <topic>Aliens</topic>
              <topic>U.S. Department of State (D.O.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Neutral Aliens</topic>
              <topic>Immigration</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
              <topic>Treaty Rights</topic>
              <topic>World War II</topic>
              <topic>Citizenship and Nationality</topic>
              <topic>Noncitizens</topic>
              <topic>Treaties and International Agreements</topic>
              <topic>Convention of Friendship, Commerce, and Extradition (1850)</topic>
              <topic>Switzerland</topic>
              <topic>Exemptions</topic>
              <topic>Immigration and Naturalization: Citizenship</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1950, from April 9 through June 4, 1951 (end of term);Moser v. United States, 341 U.S. 41 (1951);341 U.S. 41</searchTitle>
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              <reportNumber>41</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>13</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1951-04-09</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1950</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>341 U.S. 41</usCitation>
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                   <topic>West Europe</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aliens</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>U.S. Department of State (D.O.S.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Neutral Aliens</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Treaty Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>World War II</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Citizenship and Nationality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Noncitizens</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Treaties and International Agreements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Convention of Friendship, Commerce, and Extradition (1850)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Switzerland</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Exemptions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Immigration and Naturalization: Citizenship</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-058-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Treaty</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sherman Minton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Tillamooks, 341 U.S. 48 (1951)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Takings</topic>
              <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Interest</topic>
              <topic>Native Americans</topic>
              <topic>North America</topic>
              <topic>Eminent Domain</topic>
              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Indians (Other than Pertains to State Jurisdiction Over)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>American Indians</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Court of Claims</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Just Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Takings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Americans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>North America</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Eminent Domain</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Compensation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Indians (Other than Pertains to State Jurisdiction Over)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-059-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (takings clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion></majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
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              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Witnesses</topic>
              <topic>Confessions</topic>
              <topic>Right to Fair Trial</topic>
              <topic>Prejudicial Influence</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Jury Prejudice</topic>
              <topic>Sex Offenses</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
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                   <topic>Desegregation (Other than as Pertains to School Desegregation, Employment Discrimination, and Affirmative Action)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1950-060-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Florida">State</respondent>
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              <caseSource state="Florida">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Gerende v. Elections Board, 341 U.S. 56 (1951)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
              <topic>Election Law</topic>
              <topic>Ballots</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
              <topic>Political Candidates</topic>
              <topic>Treason</topic>
              <topic>Loyalty Oath: Political Party</topic>
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                   <topic>Oaths</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Municipal Elections</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Loyalty Oath: Political Party</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-061-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Maryland">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Maryland">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Maryland">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-04-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion></majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Williams, 341 U.S. 58 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 58</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-341/USREPORTS-341-58</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
              <topic>Indictments</topic>
              <topic>Aiding and Abetting</topic>
              <topic>Perjury</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Res Judicata</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indictments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aiding and Abetting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Perjury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1950-062-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Florida">Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (double jeopardy)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>United States v. Williams, 341 U.S. 70 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 70</partNumber>
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              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Investigation</topic>
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              <topic>Coerced Confessions</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
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              <topic>Crimes Against Property</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Detective Agencies</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
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                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Detective Agencies</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-063-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Williams v. United States, 341 U.S. 97 (1951)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Special Police Officers</topic>
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              <topic>Indictments</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Confessions</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
              <topic>Assault and Battery</topic>
              <topic>Deprivation of Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
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                   <topic>Law Enforcement Officers</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-064-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>California Auto. Assn. v. Maloney, 341 U.S. 105 (1951)</title>
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              <topic>Insurance</topic>
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              <topic>Unincorporated Associations</topic>
              <topic>Licensing and Permits</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Insurance</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-065-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Insurance company, or surety</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
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              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Woodward v. United States, 341 U.S. 112 (1951)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Marriage and Family Status</topic>
              <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
              <topic>Benefits</topic>
              <topic>Designation</topic>
              <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
              <topic>Military Personnel</topic>
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              <topic>Conflicting Claimants</topic>
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                   <topic>Beneficiaries</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Military: Active Duty</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1950-066-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Heir, or beneficiary, or person so claiming to be</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Missouri">Missouri Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion></majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Pewee Coal Co., 341 U.S. 114 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 114</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-341/USREPORTS-341-114</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Operations</topic>
              <topic>Losses</topic>
              <topic>Railroads</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Just Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Operating Losses</topic>
              <topic>Temporary Takings</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Coal</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Resources and Mines</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Labor Strikes</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1950</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Operations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Losses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Just Compensation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Labor Strikes</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-067-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Coal company or coal mine operator</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (takings clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Anti-Fascist Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 123</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Defamation</topic>
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              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Executive Order 9835</topic>
              <topic>Ninth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Charitable Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Second Red Scare</topic>
              <topic>Designation</topic>
              <topic>Officials and Employees</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Executive Powers</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Subversive Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Tenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Fraternal Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Construction</topic>
              <topic>Standing to Sue: Justiciable Question</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Communist Party</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Standing</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Executive Order 9835</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ninth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Charitable Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Second Red Scare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Designation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Officials and Employees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Executive Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Subversive Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraternal Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Construction</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Justiciable Question</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-068-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Eleemosynary institution or person</petitioner>
              <respondent>Attorney general of the United States, or his office</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department of Justice or Attorney General</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="District of Columbia">District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1950-10-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harold Hitz Burton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Bowman Dairy Co. v. United States, 341 U.S. 214 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 214</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Objects</topic>
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              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Documents</topic>
              <topic>Indictments</topic>
              <topic>Materials</topic>
              <topic>Papers</topic>
              <topic>Subpoenas</topic>
              <topic>Informants</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Inspection</topic>
              <topic>Discovery and Inspection (In the Context of Criminal Litigation Only, Otherwise Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1951-04-30</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1950</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>341 U.S. 214</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Objects</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Papers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Subpoenas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Informants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inspection</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Discovery and Inspection (In the Context of Criminal Litigation Only, Otherwise Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1950-069-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
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              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-03-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sherman Minton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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         <subject>
              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
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              <topic>Immigration Act of 1917</topic>
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              <topic>Deportation</topic>
              <topic>Immigration</topic>
              <topic>Immigration Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Immigration Act of 1917</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-070-01</docketId>
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Fred Moore Vinson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Montana-Dakota Co. v. Public Serv. Co., 341 U.S. 246 (1951)</title>
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              <topic>Administrative Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Cause of Action</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Reasonable Rates</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>No Merits: Dismissed or Affirmed for Want of a Substantial or Properly Presented Federal Question, or a Nonsuit</topic>
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                   <topic>No Merits: Dismissed or Affirmed for Want of a Substantial or Properly Presented Federal Question, or a Nonsuit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-071-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Federal Power Commission</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Power</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Mosser v. Darrow, 341 U.S. 267 (1951)</title>
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              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Trusteeships</topic>
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                   <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1950-072-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</petitioner>
              <respondent>Agent, fiduciary, trustee, or executor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Elder v. Brannan, 341 U.S. 277 (1951)</title>
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                   <topic>Reemployment</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Military: Veteran</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-073-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent>Department or Secretary of Agriculture</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Civil Service Commission, U.S.</adminAction>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Champlin Rfg Co., 341 U.S. 290 (1951)</title>
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              <topic>Interstate Commerce Commission (I.C.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Refineries</topic>
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              <topic>Companies</topic>
              <topic>Common Carriers</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Pipeline (Cf. Federal Public Utilities Regulation: Gas Pipeline)</topic>
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                   <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Pipeline (Cf. Federal Public Utilities Regulation: Gas Pipeline)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1950-074-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Pipe line company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Interstate Commerce Commission</adminAction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Interstate Commerce, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Wheelock Bros., 341 U.S. 319 (1951)</title>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-341/USREPORTS-341-319</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
              <topic>Court of Claims</topic>
              <topic>Just Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Temporary Takings</topic>
              <topic>Commission Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction to Enter</topic>
              <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of the Court of Claims</topic>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Court of Claims</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Just Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of the Court of Claims</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-075-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Trucking company, or motor carrier</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-01-03</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ewing v. Gardner, 341 U.S. 321 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 321</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Statutory Authority</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Costs</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Assessment of Costs or Damages: As Part of a Court Order</topic>
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        </subject>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Authority</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Costs</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Assessment of Costs or Damages: As Part of a Court Order</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-076-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Social Security Administration or Commissioner</petitioner>
              <respondent>Heir, or beneficiary, or person so claiming to be</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Ohio Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion></majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Labor Board v. Highland Park Co., 341 U.S. 322 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 322</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-341/USREPORTS-341-322</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Labor Management Relations Act of (Taft-Hartley Act)</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Mccarthyism</topic>
              <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Textile Workers Union of America (T.W.U.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Congress of Industrial Organizations (C.I.O.)</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>International Labor Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Second Red Scare</topic>
              <topic>Labor Organizations</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Loyalty Oath or Non-Communist Affidavit (Other than Bar Applicants, Government Employees, Political Party, or Teacher)</topic>
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                   <topic>Labor Management Relations Act of (Taft-Hartley Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mccarthyism</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Textile Workers Union of America (T.W.U.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Congress of Industrial Organizations (C.I.O.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>International Labor Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Second Red Scare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Loyalty Oath or Non-Communist Affidavit (Other than Bar Applicants, Government Employees, Political Party, or Teacher)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-077-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-04-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Labor-Management Relations</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Panhandle Co. v. Michigan Comm., 341 U.S. 329 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 329</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-341/USREPORTS-341-329</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">341 U.S. 329 (1951)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0a47f</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Natural Gas</topic>
              <topic>Energy</topic>
              <topic>Sales</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Consumers</topic>
              <topic>State Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Competing Claims</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
              <topic>Certificates</topic>
              <topic>Federal Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Transportation</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Energy Law</topic>
              <topic>National Supremacy: Public Utilities (Cf. Federal Public Utilities Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1951-05-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1950</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>341 U.S. 329</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>341 U.S. 329 (1951)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Natural Gas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sales</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Consumers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Competing Claims</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Certificates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>National Supremacy: Public Utilities (Cf. Federal Public Utilities Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-078-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Pipe line company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Michigan">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Michigan">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Michigan">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-04-23</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sherman Minton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Alabama Comm&apos;n et al. v. Southern R. Co., 341 U.S. 341 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 341</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
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              <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
              <topic>Railroads</topic>
              <topic>Intrastate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Trains</topic>
              <topic>Discontinuance</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Comity Primarily Removal Cases, Civil Procedure (Cf. Comity, Criminal and First Amendment), Deference to Foreign Judicial Tribunals</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Intrastate Commerce</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Comity Primarily Removal Cases, Civil Procedure (Cf. Comity, Criminal and First Amendment), Deference to Foreign Judicial Tribunals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-079-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Alabama">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent>Railroad</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Alabama">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Alabama">Alabama Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Alabama">Alabama Middle U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-02-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
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                   <writer>Fred Moore Vinson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Alabama Comm&apos;n et al. v. Southern R. Co., 341 U.S. 363 (1951)</title>
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              <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
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              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Trains</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1951-05-21</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1950</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>341 U.S. 363</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>341 U.S. 363 (1951)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Coal</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discontinuance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Natural Resources</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intrastate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trains</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Comity Primarily Removal Cases, Civil Procedure (Cf. Comity, Criminal and First Amendment), Deference to Foreign Judicial Tribunals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-080-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Alabama">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent>Railroad</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Alabama">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Alabama">Alabama Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Alabama">Alabama Middle U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-02-27</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Fred Moore Vinson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Tenney v. Brandhove, 341 U.S. 367 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 367</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Mccarthyism</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>Second Red Scare</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Committees</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Officials and Employees</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Privileges</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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                   <topic>Mccarthyism</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>California</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Second Red Scare</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Committees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Officials and Employees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privileges</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-081-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State legislature, house, or committee</petitioner>
              <respondent>Witness, or person under subpoena</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-03-01</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Schwegmann Brothers v. Calvert Corp., 341 U.S. 384 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 384</partNumber>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-341/USREPORTS-341-384</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0a473</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Price-Fixing</topic>
              <topic>Resale Prices</topic>
              <topic>Nonsigners</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Minimum Pricing</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
              <topic>Diverse Citizenship</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</topic>
              <topic>Commodities</topic>
              <topic>Retailers</topic>
              <topic>Miller-Tydings Act</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1951-05-21</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1950</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>341 U.S. 384</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Price-Fixing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Resale Prices</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nonsigners</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Minimum Pricing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Diverse Citizenship</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commodities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Retailers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miller-Tydings Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-082-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Establishment serving liquor by the glass, or package liquor store</petitioner>
              <respondent>Distributor, importer, or exporter of alcoholic beverages</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Louisiana">Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-04-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Radio Corp. v. United States, 341 U.S. 412 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 412</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-341/USREPORTS-341-412</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0a475</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Color Television</topic>
              <topic>Experimentation</topic>
              <topic>Receivers</topic>
              <topic>Television and Film</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Federal Communications Commission (F.C.C.)</topic>
              <topic>Public Interest</topic>
              <topic>Communications</topic>
              <topic>Broadcasting</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-341-412</accessId>
              <reportNumber>412</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>38</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1951-05-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1950</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>341 U.S. 412</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Color Television</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Experimentation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Receivers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Television and Film</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Broadcasting</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-083-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Radio and television network, except cable tv</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Communications Commission (including a predecessor, Federal Radio Commission)</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Illinois">Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Illinois">Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-03-26</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Standard Oil Co. v. New Jersey, 341 U.S. 428 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 428</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">341 U.S. 428 (1951)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d0a482</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Escheat</topic>
              <topic>Personal Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Stockholders</topic>
              <topic>Certificates</topic>
              <topic>Notice</topic>
              <topic>Dividends</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>Stocks and Bonds</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1951-05-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1950</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>341 U.S. 428</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Escheat</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Personal Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Stockholders</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Certificates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Notice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dividends</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Stocks and Bonds</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-084-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Tangible property, other than real estate, including contraband</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Jersey">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New Jersey">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New Jersey">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-03-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 10, Paragraph 1 (contract clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Stanley Forman Reed</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Zittman v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 446 (1951)</title>
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              <topic>Attachments</topic>
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              <topic>Trading with the Enemy Act</topic>
              <topic>Banks and Financial Institutions</topic>
              <topic>War</topic>
              <topic>Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Licensing and Permits</topic>
              <topic>Germany</topic>
              <topic>World War II</topic>
              <topic>Assets</topic>
              <topic>Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Alien Property Custodian</topic>
              <topic>Financial Services</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Alien Property</topic>
              <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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              <usCitation>341 U.S. 446</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Attachments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>West Europe</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trading with the Enemy Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Banks and Financial Institutions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>War</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Licensing and Permits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Germany</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>World War II</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Assets</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alien Property Custodian</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Financial Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alien Property</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-085-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Creditor, including institution appearing as such, e.g., a finance company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Alien Property Custodian</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Financial Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Confiscation Measures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alien Property</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1950-086-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Creditor, including institution appearing as such, e.g., a finance company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Alien Property Custodian</respondent>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Attachments</topic>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hoffman v. United States, 341 U.S. 479 (1951)</title>
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                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Self-Incrimination (Other than as Pertains to Miranda or Immunity from Prosecution)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-087-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Witness, or person under subpoena</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (self-incrimination)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Hammerstein v. Superior Court, 341 U.S. 491 (1951)</title>
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              <petitioner>Father</petitioner>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
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              <docketId>1950-089-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Fred Moore Vinson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Timken Co. v. United States, 341 U.S. 593 (1951)</title>
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              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
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              <topic>Restraint of Trade</topic>
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              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
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              <topic>Territories</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>Wales</topic>
              <topic>Subsidiaries</topic>
              <topic>Foreign Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Great Britain</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</topic>
              <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>West Europe</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Wales</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Subsidiaries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Great Britain</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-090-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
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              <caseSource state="Ohio">Ohio Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sherman</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hughes v. Fetter, 341 U.S. 609 (1951)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Public Acts</topic>
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              <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
              <topic>Wisconsin</topic>
              <topic>Cause of Action</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
              <topic>Full Faith and Credit</topic>
              <topic>Civil Actions</topic>
              <topic>Accidents</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
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                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Acts</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Full Faith and Credit</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-091-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Heir, or beneficiary, or person so claiming to be</petitioner>
              <respondent>Insurance company, or surety</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Wisconsin">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Wisconsin">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article IV, Section 1 (full faith and credit clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Breard v. Alexandria, 341 U.S. 622 (1951)</title>
              <partNumber>341 U.S. 622</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-341/USREPORTS-341-622</identifier>
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              <topic>Solicitation</topic>
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              <topic>Periodicals</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Door-to-Door Solicitation</topic>
              <topic>Municipal Ordinances</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Nuisance Laws</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
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        </subject>
         <extension>
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                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of the Press</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Municipal Ordinances</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-092-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Seller or vendor</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Louisiana">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Louisiana">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Louisiana">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Stanley Forman Reed</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Collins v. Hardyman, 341 U.S. 651 (1951)</title>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-341/USREPORTS-341-651</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Ku Klux Klan Act</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Political Parties and Affiliations</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>California</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
              <topic>Officials and Employees</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Marshall Plan</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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                   <topic>Ku Klux Klan Act</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Elections and Politics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immunity</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Marshall Plan</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-093-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</petitioner>
              <respondent>Political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1951-01-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Labor Board v. Rice Milling Co., 341 U.S. 665 (1951)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Labor Management Relations Act of (Taft-Hartley Act)</topic>
              <topic>Picketing</topic>
              <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Employees</topic>
              <topic>Labor Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Unfair Labor Practices</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Secondary Activity</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
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                   <topic>Labor Management Relations Act of (Taft-Hartley Act)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Picketing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unfair Labor Practices</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Secondary Activity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1950-094-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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              <docketId>1950-095-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Harold Hitz Burton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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              <docketId>1950-096-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Harold Hitz Burton</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Commerce</topic>
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              <docketId>1950-097-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Harold Hitz Burton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1950-098-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Tom Campbell Clark</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Restraining Order</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Shares</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Certificates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contempt of Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Temporary Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Securities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Stocks and Bonds</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Untimely Filing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1950-099-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Federal Maritime Commission</petitioner>
              <respondent>Water transportation, stevedore</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Maritime Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="District of Columbia">District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Stay, petition, or motion granted</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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