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              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-12-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>La Crosse Tel. Corp. v. Wis. Board, 336 U.S. 18 (1949)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-18</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 18 (1949)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
              <topic>Collective Bargaining Agreements</topic>
              <topic>Labor Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;La Crosse Tel. Corp. v. Wis. Board, 336 U.S. 18 (1949);336 U.S. 18</searchTitle>
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                   <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Collective Bargaining Agreements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Organizations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-027-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Wisconsin">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Wisconsin">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Wisconsin">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Wisconsin">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-11-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Labor-Management Relations</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Commissioner v. Jacobson, 336 U.S. 28 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 28</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-28</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 28 (1949)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Tax Avoidance</topic>
              <topic>Tax Exemptions</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Gifts and Services</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Commissioner v. Jacobson, 336 U.S. 28 (1949);336 U.S. 28</searchTitle>
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              <decisionDate>1949-01-17</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 28</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 28 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Income Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Avoidance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Exemptions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gifts and Services</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-028-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Tax Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Other reason</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-11-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harold Hitz Burton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Wilkerson v. McCarthy, 336 U.S. 53 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 53</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-53</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 53 (1949)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Negligence</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Railroads</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Contributory Negligence</topic>
              <topic>Federal Employers&apos; Liability Act</topic>
              <topic>Sufficiency of Evidence: Typically in the Context of a Jury&apos;s Determination of Compensation for Injury or Death</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contributory Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Employers&apos; Liability Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Sufficiency of Evidence: Typically in the Context of a Jury&apos;s Determination of Compensation for Injury or Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-029-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Utah">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Utah">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Employers&apos; Liability, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Kovacs v. Cooper, 336 U.S. 77 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 77</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-77</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Trenton</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Religion</topic>
              <topic>New Jersey</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Municipal Ordinances</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Noise Ordinances</topic>
              <topic>Protest Demonstrations (Other than as Pertains to Sit-in Demonstrations): Demonstrations and Other Forms of Protest Based on First Amendment Guarantees</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Kovacs v. Cooper, 336 U.S. 77 (1949);336 U.S. 77</searchTitle>
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              <decisionDate>1949-01-31</decisionDate>
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                   <topic>Trenton</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Religion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New Jersey</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Municipal Ordinances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Noise Ordinances</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Protest Demonstrations (Other than as Pertains to Sit-in Demonstrations): Demonstrations and Other Forms of Protest Based on First Amendment Guarantees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-030-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or nonindigent loiterer</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New Jersey">Judge</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New Jersey">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New Jersey">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-10-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Railway Express v. New York, 336 U.S. 106 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 106</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-106</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 106 (1949)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
              <topic>Motor Vehicles</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Municipal Ordinances</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Traffic Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Speech, Excluding Attorneys</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1949-01-31</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 106</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Vehicles</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Marketing and Advertising</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Municipal Ordinances</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Traffic Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Speech, Excluding Attorneys</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-031-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Trucking company, or motor carrier</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New York">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Goggin v. California Labor Div., 336 U.S. 118 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 118</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 118 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 118</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Petitions</topic>
              <topic>Priority of Creditors</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Tax Liens</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Creditors</topic>
              <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Goggin v. California Labor Div., 336 U.S. 118 (1949);336 U.S. 118</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-118</accessId>
              <reportNumber>118</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>14</sequenceNumber>
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              <decisionDate>1949-01-31</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 118</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 118 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Petitions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Priority of Creditors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Liens</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Creditors</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-032-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</petitioner>
              <respondent state="California">State department or agency</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-11-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harold Hitz Burton</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Callaway v. Benton, 336 U.S. 132 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 132</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-132</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 132 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 132</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08de6</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Railroads</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Stockholders</topic>
              <topic>Internal Restructuring</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Callaway v. Benton, 336 U.S. 132 (1949);336 U.S. 132</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-132</accessId>
              <reportNumber>132</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>15</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-02-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 132</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 132 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Stockholders</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Internal Restructuring</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-033-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Railroad</petitioner>
              <respondent>Stockholder, shareholder, or bondholder</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Interstate Commerce Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Georgia">Georgia Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Conflict between federal court and state court</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-10-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Fred Moore Vinson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Fisher v. Pace, 336 U.S. 155 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 155</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-155</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 155 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 155</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08dd0</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
              <topic>Judges</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Worker&apos;s Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Workmen&apos;s Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Contempt of Court</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Contempt of Court or Congress</topic>
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        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-155</accessId>
              <reportNumber>155</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>16</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-02-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 155</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 155 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judges</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Worker&apos;s Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Workmen&apos;s Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contempt of Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Lawyers and Legal Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Contempt of Court or Congress</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-034-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Attorney, or person acting as such, includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">Judge</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Texas">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Texas">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-10-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ott v. Mississippi Barge Line, 336 U.S. 169 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 169</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-169</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 169 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 169</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08df4</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Property Tax</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Ott v. Mississippi Barge Line, 336 U.S. 169 (1949);336 U.S. 169</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-169</accessId>
              <reportNumber>169</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>17</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-02-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 169</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 169 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Property Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-035-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Louisiana">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Water transportation, stevedore</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Louisiana">Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-05</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Wis. Power Co. v. United States, 336 U.S. 176 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 176</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-176</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 176 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 176</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08deb</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Electricity</topic>
              <topic>Excise Taxes</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Dairy</topic>
              <topic>Energy Revenues and Royalties</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Wis. Power Co. v. United States, 336 U.S. 176 (1949);336 U.S. 176</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-176</accessId>
              <reportNumber>176</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>18</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-02-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 176</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 176 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Electricity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Excise Taxes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dairy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Energy Revenues and Royalties</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-036-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Wisconsin">Wisconsin Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Putative conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>McComb v. Jacksonville Paper Co., 336 U.S. 187 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 187</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-187</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 187 (1949)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08dde</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Civil Contempt</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Contempt of Court or Congress</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1949-02-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 187</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 187 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Injunctions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Contempt</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Contempt of Court or Congress</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-037-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Labor</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Labor</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-12-14</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fair Labor Standards</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Lawson v. Suwannee S. S. Co., 336 U.S. 198 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 198</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-198</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 198 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 198</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08dcf</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Workplace Injuries</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Disability</topic>
              <topic>Longshore and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Harbors</topic>
              <topic>Workmen&apos;s Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Lawson v. Suwannee S. S. Co., 336 U.S. 198 (1949);336 U.S. 198</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-198</accessId>
              <reportNumber>198</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>20</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-02-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 198</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 198 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Workplace Injuries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Disability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Longshore and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation Act (L.H.W.C.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Harbors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Workmen&apos;s Compensation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-038-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>U.S. Employees&apos; Compensation Commission, or Commissioner</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>U.S. Employees&apos; Compensation Commission, or Commissioner</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Florida">Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-12-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Longshoremen and Harbor Workers&apos; Compensation</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Reynolds v. Atlantic Coast Line, 336 U.S. 207 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 207</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-207</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 207 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 207</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08df3</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Negligence</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal Employers&apos; Liability Act</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Alabama</topic>
              <topic>Sufficiency of Evidence: Typically in the Context of a Jury&apos;s Determination of Compensation for Injury or Death</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Reynolds v. Atlantic Coast Line, 336 U.S. 207 (1949);336 U.S. 207</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-207</accessId>
              <reportNumber>207</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>21</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-02-14</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 207</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 207 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Employers&apos; Liability Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alabama</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Sufficiency of Evidence: Typically in the Context of a Jury&apos;s Determination of Compensation for Injury or Death</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-039-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Alabama">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Alabama">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Employers&apos; Liability, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion></majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-336-210" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-210/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hirshberg v. Cooke, 336 U.S. 210 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 210</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-210</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 210 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 210</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08dd6</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Military Law</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Court Martial</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Navy</topic>
              <topic>Enlisted Man</topic>
              <topic>Navy Rules and Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Military: Veteran</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Hirshberg v. Cooke, 336 U.S. 210 (1949);336 U.S. 210</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-210</accessId>
              <reportNumber>210</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-02-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 210</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 210 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Military Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Court Martial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Navy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Enlisted Man</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Navy Rules and Regulations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Military: Veteran</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-040-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Veteran</petitioner>
              <respondent>Secretary or administrative unit of the U.S. Navy</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-210</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Daniel v. Family Ins. Co., 336 U.S. 220 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 220</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-220</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 220 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 220</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08dfd</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Undertaking</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Life Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Undertakers</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Daniel v. Family Ins. Co., 336 U.S. 220 (1949);336 U.S. 220</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-220</accessId>
              <reportNumber>220</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>23</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-02-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 220</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 220 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Undertaking</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Life Insurance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Undertakers</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-041-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="South Carolina">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Insurance company, or surety</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="South Carolina">South Carolina Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="South Carolina">South Carolina Eastern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-02-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-220</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Labor Board v. Stowe Spinning Co., 336 U.S. 226 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 226</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-226</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 226 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 226</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08de5</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Unfair Labor Practices</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Labor Board v. Stowe Spinning Co., 336 U.S. 226 (1949);336 U.S. 226</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-226</accessId>
              <reportNumber>226</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>24</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-02-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 226</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 226 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unfair Labor Practices</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Takings Clause, or Other Non-Constitutional Governmental Taking of Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-042-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Putative conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-12-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (takings clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-226</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Auto. Workers v. Wis. Board, 336 U.S. 245 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 245</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-245</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 245 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 245</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08dd7</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Antistrike Injunction</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Auto. Workers v. Wis. Board, 336 U.S. 245 (1949);336 U.S. 245</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-245</accessId>
              <reportNumber>245</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>25</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-02-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 245</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 245 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Disputes: Antistrike Injunction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-043-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Wisconsin">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Wisconsin">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Wisconsin">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Wisconsin">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-11-17</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Labor-Management Relations</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Graver Mfg. Co. v. Linde Co., 336 U.S. 271 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 271</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-271</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 271 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 271</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08dfa</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
              <topic>Patent Claims</topic>
              <topic>Originality of Patents</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Inventions</topic>
              <topic>Patents</topic>
              <topic>Patents and Copyrights: Patent</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Graver Mfg. Co. v. Linde Co., 336 U.S. 271 (1949);336 U.S. 271</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-271</accessId>
              <reportNumber>271</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>26</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-02-28</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 271</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 271 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patent Claims</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Originality of Patents</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Inventions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patents</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Patents and Copyrights: Patent</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-044-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>Inventor, patent assigner, trademark owner or holder</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Indiana">Indiana Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-05</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-271</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Foley Bros. v. Filardo, 336 U.S. 281 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 281</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-281</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 281 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 281</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08df1</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Eight Hour Law</topic>
              <topic>West Asia</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Public Contracts and Procurement</topic>
              <topic>Iran</topic>
              <topic>Construction</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Iraq</topic>
              <topic>Adamson Act</topic>
              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Foley Bros. v. Filardo, 336 U.S. 281 (1949);336 U.S. 281</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-281</accessId>
              <reportNumber>281</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>27</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-03-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 281</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 281 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Eight Hour Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>West Asia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Contracts and Procurement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Iran</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Iraq</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Adamson Act</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-045-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Government contractor</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-12-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-281</url>
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    <relatedItem type="constituent" ID="id-USREPORTS-336-301" xlink:href="https://www.govinfo.gov/metadata/granule/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-301/mods.xml">
         <titleInfo>
              <title>Algoma Plywood Co. v. Wis. Board, 336 U.S. 301 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 301</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-301</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 301 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 301</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08e05</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
              <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Nongovernmental Organizations</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Algoma Plywood Co. v. Wis. Board, 336 U.S. 301 (1949);336 U.S. 301</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-301</accessId>
              <reportNumber>301</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>28</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-03-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 301</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 301 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Compensation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Nongovernmental Organizations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-046-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Wisconsin">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Wisconsin">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Wisconsin">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Wisconsin">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-11-18</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>National Labor Relations, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-301</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>New York v. Saper, 336 U.S. 328 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 328</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-328</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 328 (1949)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08e04</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Act of 1898</topic>
              <topic>Appellate Courts</topic>
              <topic>Chandler Act of 1938</topic>
              <topic>Taxation of Debtor in Bankruptcy</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;New York v. Saper, 336 U.S. 328 (1949);336 U.S. 328</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-328</accessId>
              <reportNumber>328</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>29</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-03-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 328</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 328 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Act of 1898</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Appellate Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Chandler Act of 1938</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation of Debtor in Bankruptcy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-047-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="New York">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-04</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Oklahoma Tax Comm&apos;n v. Texas Co., 336 U.S. 342 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 342</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-342</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 342 (1949)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08dd5</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Property Tax</topic>
              <topic>Immunity from Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
              <topic>American Indians</topic>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Mineral Taxes</topic>
              <topic>Native Americans</topic>
              <topic>North America</topic>
              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Indian Lands</topic>
              <topic>National Supremacy: Intergovernmental Tax Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Oklahoma Tax Comm&apos;n v. Texas Co., 336 U.S. 342 (1949);336 U.S. 342</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-342</accessId>
              <reportNumber>342</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>30</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-03-07</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 342</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 342 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Property Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Immunity from Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>American Indians</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mineral Taxes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Americans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>North America</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indian Lands</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>National Supremacy: Intergovernmental Tax Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-048-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Oklahoma">State commission, board, committee, or authority</petitioner>
              <respondent>Oil company, or natural gas producer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Oklahoma">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin state="Oklahoma">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Oklahoma">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-11-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Wiley Blount Rutledge</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Stainback v. Mo Hock Ke Lok Po, 336 U.S. 368 (1949)</title>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Elementary and Secondary Education</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Supreme Court Jurisdiction or Authority on Appeal or Writ of Error, from Federal District Courts or Courts of Appeals (Cf. 753)</topic>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Foreign Language and Bilingual Programs</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Supreme Court Jurisdiction or Authority on Appeal or Writ of Error, from Federal District Courts or Courts of Appeals (Cf. 753)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-049-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Hawaii">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Private school, college, or university</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Hawaii">Hawaii U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Hawaii">Hawaii U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Black Diamond v. Stewart &amp; Sons, 336 U.S. 386 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 386</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-386</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08ddc</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Ships and Boats</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Limited Liability Companies</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
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        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Ships and Boats</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Limited Liability Companies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-050-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Water transportation, stevedore</petitioner>
              <respondent>Water transportation, stevedore</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">New York Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-03</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Commissioner v. Phipps, 336 U.S. 410 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 410</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-410</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Tax Avoidance</topic>
              <topic>Specialized Courts</topic>
              <topic>Corporate Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Tax Court</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Tax-Free Liquidation</topic>
              <topic>Treasury Regulations</topic>
              <topic>Corporate Restructuring</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Avoidance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Specialized Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporate Income Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Court</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax-Free Liquidation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Treasury Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporate Restructuring</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-051-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Tax Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Putative conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-12-10</dateArgument>
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              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>National Carbide Corp. v. Comm&apos;r., 336 U.S. 422 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 422</partNumber>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-422</identifier>
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              <topic>Tax Avoidance</topic>
              <topic>Corporate Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Parent Corporations</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Agency</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Subsidiaries</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-422</accessId>
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              <decisionDate>1949-03-28</decisionDate>
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                   <topic>Tax Avoidance</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporate Income Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Parent Corporations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agency</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Subsidiaries</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-052-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</petitioner>
              <respondent>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Tax Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-06</dateArgument>
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              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Fred Moore Vinson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Krulewitch v. United States, 336 U.S. 440 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 440</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Human Trafficking</topic>
              <topic>New York</topic>
              <topic>Crimes Against Women</topic>
              <topic>Out-of-Court Statements</topic>
              <topic>Florida</topic>
              <topic>Testimony</topic>
              <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Conspiracy (Cf. Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure: Conspiracy)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
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              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 440</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Trafficking</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>New York</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crimes Against Women</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Out-of-Court Statements</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Florida</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Testimony</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Conspiracy (Cf. Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure: Conspiracy)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-053-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-10</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Harmless Error</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>U. S. v. Women&apos;s Sportswear Assn., 336 U.S. 460 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 460</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</topic>
              <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
              <topic>Stitching Contractors</topic>
              <topic>Trade Associations</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 460</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 460 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Hiring</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Stitching Contractors</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trade Associations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-054-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Professional organization, business, or person</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Massachusetts">Massachusetts U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Massachusetts">Massachusetts U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-02-28</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sherman</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Chicago Etc. R. Co. v. Acme Freight, 336 U.S. 465 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 465</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-465</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Freight</topic>
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              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Agency</topic>
              <topic>Shipments</topic>
              <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
              <topic>Carmack Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce Act of 1887</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Railroad</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <usCitation>336 U.S. 465</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Freight</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Agency</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Shipments</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Railroad</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-055-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Railroad</petitioner>
              <respondent>Shipper, including importer and exporter</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="New York">New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Interstate Commerce, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Fred Moore Vinson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Giboney v. Empire Storage Co., 336 U.S. 490 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 490</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-490</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Picketing</topic>
              <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Restraint of Trade</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
              <topic>Business Ethics</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1949-04-04</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 490</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 490 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Picketing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor Unions</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Restraint of Trade</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Freedom of Speech</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Business Ethics</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-056-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Wholesale trade</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Missouri">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Missouri">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-04</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Knight, 336 U.S. 505 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 505</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-505</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 505 (1949)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Specialized Courts</topic>
              <topic>Aiding and Abetting</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1949-04-04</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 505</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 505 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Specialized Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aiding and Abetting</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-057-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Attorney, or person acting as such, includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-03-04</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Farrell v. United States, 336 U.S. 511 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 511</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-511</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 511 (1949)</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Patients&apos; Rights</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Law of the Sea</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 511</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Patients&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Law of the Sea</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-058-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-01-14</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hood &amp; Sons v. Du Mond, 336 U.S. 525 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 525</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-525</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Import and Export</topic>
              <topic>Dairy Plants</topic>
              <topic>Food Industry</topic>
              <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Plant Construction</topic>
              <topic>Dairy</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Import and Export</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dairy Plants</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Food Industry</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Plant Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Dairy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-059-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Food, meat packing, or processing company, stockyard</petitioner>
              <respondent state="New York">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="New York">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <caseSource state="New York">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-12-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Stanley Forman Reed</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Power Comm&apos;n v. Interstate Gas Co., 336 U.S. 577 (1949)</title>
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              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Rates Charged</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Gas Companies</topic>
              <topic>Environmental Law</topic>
              <topic>Natural Gas Act of 1938</topic>
              <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Public Utilities Regulation: Gas Pipeline (Cf. Federal Transportation Regulation: Pipeline)</topic>
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                   <topic>Oil and Gas</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Utilities and Utility Rates</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Public Utilities Regulation: Gas Pipeline (Cf. Federal Transportation Regulation: Pipeline)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-060-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Federal Power Commission</petitioner>
              <respondent>Oil company, or natural gas producer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Power Commission</adminAction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>T.W.A. v. Civil Aeronautics Board, 336 U.S. 601 (1949)</title>
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              <topic>Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938</topic>
              <topic>Retroactive Rates</topic>
              <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
              <topic>U.S. Postal Service (U.S.P.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Airline</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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              <usCitation>336 U.S. 601</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Postal Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Aeronautics Board (C.A.B.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Retroactive Rates</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Aviation and Airports</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>U.S. Postal Service (U.S.P.S.)</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal and Some Few State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Airline</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1948-061-01</docketId>
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              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>NYE &amp; Nissen v. United States, 336 U.S. 613 (1949)</title>
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              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>False Invoices</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Business Ethics</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Conspiracy (Cf. Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure: Conspiracy)</topic>
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              <usCitation>336 U.S. 613</usCitation>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>False Invoices</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Business Ethics</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Conspiracy (Cf. Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure: Conspiracy)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1948-062-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Government contractor</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Other reason</certReason>
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                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Defense Corp. v. Lawrence Co., 336 U.S. 631 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 631</partNumber>
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              <topic>Dissolution</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Corporate Assets</topic>
              <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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                   <topic>Dissolution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporate Assets</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statute of Limitations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-063-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Reconstruction Finance Corp.</petitioner>
              <respondent>Government contractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Putative conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-02-03</dateArgument>
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              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Jones, 336 U.S. 641 (1949)</title>
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              <topic>Specialized Courts</topic>
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              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Separation of Powers</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>U.S. Postal Service (U.S.P.S.)</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Railroad</topic>
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                   <topic>Postal Service</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Specialized Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Separation of Powers</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>U.S. Postal Service (U.S.P.S.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Railroad</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-064-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Railroad</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Interstate Commerce Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1949-02-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Wiley Blount Rutledge</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Rice v. Rice, 336 U.S. 674 (1949)</title>
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              <topic>Divorce</topic>
              <topic>Widows and Widowers</topic>
              <topic>Family Law</topic>
              <topic>Connecticut</topic>
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                   <topic>Nevada</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Full Faith and Credit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Divorce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Widows and Widowers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Family Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Inheritance and Succession</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Miscellaneous Interstate Relations Conflict</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Relations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-065-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Wife, or ex-wife</petitioner>
              <respondent>Wife, or ex-wife</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Connecticut">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Connecticut">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-12-14</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article IV, Section 1 (full faith and credit clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Fountain v. Filson, 336 U.S. 681 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 681</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-681</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 681 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 681</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08df0</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Personal Money Judgment</topic>
              <topic>Judgments</topic>
              <topic>Summary Judgment</topic>
              <topic>Appellate Courts</topic>
              <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Presentation, Admissibility, or Sufficiency of Evidence (Not Necessarily a Criminal Case)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Fountain v. Filson, 336 U.S. 681 (1949);336 U.S. 681</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-681</accessId>
              <reportNumber>681</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>48</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-04-18</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 681</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 681 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Personal Money Judgment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judgments</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Summary Judgment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Appellate Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Presentation, Admissibility, or Sufficiency of Evidence (Not Necessarily a Criminal Case)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-066-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="District of Columbia">District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion></majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Wade v. Hunter, 336 U.S. 684 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 684</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-684</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 684 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 684</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08de3</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Military Law</topic>
              <topic>Court Martial</topic>
              <topic>Military Justice</topic>
              <topic>Military Tribunal</topic>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Wade v. Hunter, 336 U.S. 684 (1949);336 U.S. 684</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-684</accessId>
              <reportNumber>684</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>49</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-04-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 684</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 684 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Court Martial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Justice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Tribunal</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Double Jeopardy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-067-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Kansas">Kansas U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-03-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (double jeopardy)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Humphrey v. Smith, 336 U.S. 695 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 695</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-695</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 695 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 695</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08dd8</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Military Law</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Court Martial</topic>
              <topic>Military Justice</topic>
              <topic>70th Article of War</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Humphrey v. Smith, 336 U.S. 695 (1949);336 U.S. 695</searchTitle>
              <granuleClass>CASE</granuleClass>
              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-695</accessId>
              <reportNumber>695</reportNumber>
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              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-04-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 695</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 695 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Military Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Court Martial</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Military Justice</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>70th Article of War</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-068-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Military personnel, or dependent of, including reservist</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-03-30</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
        </extension>
         <location>
              <url displayLabel="Content Detail" access="object in context">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-695</url>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Griffin v. United States, 336 U.S. 704 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 704</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-704</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 704 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 704</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08de7</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Homicide</topic>
              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Appellate Courts</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Supreme Court Jurisdiction or Authority on Appeal or Writ of Error, from Federal District Courts or Courts of Appeals (Cf. 753)</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;Griffin v. United States, 336 U.S. 704 (1949);336 U.S. 704</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-704</accessId>
              <reportNumber>704</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>51</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-04-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 704</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 704 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Homicide</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Appellate Courts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Supreme Court Jurisdiction or Authority on Appeal or Writ of Error, from Federal District Courts or Courts of Appeals (Cf. 753)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-069-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (includes the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia but not the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which has local jurisdiction)</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1948-12-15</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>California v. Zook, 336 U.S. 725 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 725</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-725</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 725 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 725</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08df9</identifier>
        </relatedItem>
         <subject>
              <topic>Transportation of Passengers</topic>
              <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
              <topic>Transportation Costs</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;California v. Zook, 336 U.S. 725 (1949);336 U.S. 725</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-725</accessId>
              <reportNumber>725</reportNumber>
              <sequenceNumber>52</sequenceNumber>
              <pagePosition>1</pagePosition>
              <decisionDate>1949-04-25</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 725</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 725 (1949)</fullCitation>
              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation of Passengers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Motor Carriers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative Powers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commercial Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transportation Costs</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>State or Local Government Regulation, Especially of Business (Cf. Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction, Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1948-070-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Business, corporation</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="California">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="California">State Appellate Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Fred Moore Vinson</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1949-02-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Wallace Co., 336 U.S. 793 (1949)</title>
              <partNumber>336 U.S. 793</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-336/USREPORTS-336-793</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">336 U.S. 793 (1949)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">336 U.S. 793</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1d4d08ddf</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
              <topic>Juries</topic>
              <topic>Grand Jury</topic>
              <topic>Subpoenas</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Exclusion of Documents</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure</topic>
              <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1948, from January 17, 1949 (concluded) through May 9, 1949;United States v. Wallace Co., 336 U.S. 793 (1949);336 U.S. 793</searchTitle>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-336-793</accessId>
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              <decisionDate>1949-05-02</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1948</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>336 U.S. 793</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>336 U.S. 793 (1949)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>Evidence</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Trials and Court Proceedings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Juries</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Grand Jury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Subpoenas</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Exclusion of Documents</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Search and Seizure (Other than as Pertains to Vehicles or Crime Control Act)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1948-071-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Fred Moore Vinson</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
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