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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Administrative Courts</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contract Rates</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Executive Authority Vis-A-Vis Congress or the States</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Miscellaneous</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-006-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Government contractor</petitioner>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 1 (taxing, spending, general welfare, or uniformity clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
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                   <writer>Harlan Fiske Stone</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Bates v. United States, 323 U.S. 15 (1944)</title>
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              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>National Security</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Presentation, Admissibility, or Sufficiency of Evidence (Not Necessarily a Criminal Case)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1944-024-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
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              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Executive Order</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Carolene Products Co. v. U.S., 323 U.S. 18 (1944)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Filled Milk Act</topic>
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              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Consumer Protection: Typically Under the Truth in Lending, Food, Drug and Cosmetic, and Consumer Protection Credit Acts</topic>
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                   <topic>Filled Milk Act</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal or State Consumer Protection: Typically Under the Truth in Lending, Food, Drug and Cosmetic, and Consumer Protection Credit Acts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1944-022-01</docketId>
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              <caseOrigin>West Virginia Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Sage Stores Co. v. Kansas, 323 U.S. 32 (1944)</title>
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                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Milk</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal or State Consumer Protection: Typically Under the Truth in Lending, Food, Drug and Cosmetic, and Consumer Protection Credit Acts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1944-023-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Seller or vendor</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Kansas">State</respondent>
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              <adminAction state="Kansas">State Agency</adminAction>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Walling v. Helmerich &amp; Payne, 323 U.S. 37 (1944)</title>
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              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Wage Rates</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-017-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Sixteenth Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-021-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</petitioner>
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Owen Josephus Roberts</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <docketId>1944-016-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1944-025-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Harlan Fiske Stone</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1944-004-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
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                   <writer>Owen Josephus Roberts</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Spector Motor Co. v. McLaughlin, 323 U.S. 101 (1944)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Corporate Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Commerce Clause</topic>
              <topic>Connecticut State Constitution</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Connecticut</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>No Merits: Remand to Determine Basis of State or Federal Court Decision (Cf. Judicial Administration: State Law)</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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                   <topic>Corporate Income Tax</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Connecticut State Constitution</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>No Merits: Remand to Determine Basis of State or Federal Court Decision (Cf. Judicial Administration: State Law)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-026-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Tenant or lessee</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Connecticut">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Connecticut">State Agency</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Connecticut U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Harlan Fiske Stone</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1944-11-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Standard Rice Co., 323 U.S. 106 (1944)</title>
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              <topic>Income Tax</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Agriculture and Food</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Contracts and Procurement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-003-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Smith v. Davis, 323 U.S. 111 (1944)</title>
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              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Construction Business</topic>
              <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>National Supremacy: Intergovernmental Tax Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>National Supremacy: Intergovernmental Tax Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-005-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Georgia">State or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Georgia">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Georgia">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <dateArgument>1944-10-16</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Comm&apos;r. v. Scottish American Co., 323 U.S. 119 (1944)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-323/USREPORTS-323-119</identifier>
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              <topic>Evidence</topic>
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              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Wales</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Great Britain</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Securities</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation of Gifts, Personal, Business, or Professional Expenses</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation of Gifts, Personal, Business, or Professional Expenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-020-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
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              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Armour &amp; Co. v. Wantock, 323 U.S. 126 (1944)</title>
              <partNumber>323 U.S. 126</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act (F.L.S.A.)</topic>
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              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
              <topic>On-Call Hours</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act (F.L.S.A.)</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-014-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fair Labor Standards</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Skidmore v. Swift &amp; Co., 323 U.S. 134 (1944)</title>
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                   <topic>Liquidated Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act (F.L.S.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Overtime Wages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Commerce</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorney&apos;s Fees</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-015-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin>Texas Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fair Labor Standards</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Claridge Apartments Co. v. Comm&apos;r., 323 U.S. 141 (1944)</title>
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              <topic>Administrative Courts</topic>
              <topic>Indebtedness</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Chapter X</topic>
              <topic>Tax Court</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Chandler Act of 1938</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Administrative Courts</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-011-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Taxpayer or executor of taxpayer&apos;s estate, federal only</petitioner>
              <respondent>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</respondent>
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              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
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              <dateArgument>1944-10-19</dateArgument>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Wiley Blount Rutledge</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Order of Conductors v. Penn. R. Co., 323 U.S. 166 (1944)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Railroads</topic>
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              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Railway Labor Act</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Order of Railway Conductors of America</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Labor Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
              <topic>Unfair Labor Practices</topic>
              <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Railroad</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal or State Regulation of Transportation Regulation: Railroad</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-010-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Railroad</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Railway Labor</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
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              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Owen Josephus Roberts</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>U.S. v. Crescent Amusement Co., 323 U.S. 173 (1944)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Evidence</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Motion Picture Theaters</topic>
              <topic>Franchise Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
              <topic>Television and Film</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</topic>
              <topic>Monopolies</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Motion Picture Theaters</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Franchise Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Television and Film</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Monopolies</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-019-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Movie, play, pictorial representation, theatrical production, actor, or exhibitor or distributor of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Tennessee Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Tennessee Middle U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sherman</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
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                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Steele v. L. &amp; N. R. Co., 323 U.S. 192 (1944)</title>
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              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Fraternal Organization Membership</topic>
              <topic>Racial Discrimination</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen</topic>
              <topic>Collective Bargaining</topic>
              <topic>Equal Protection</topic>
              <topic>African Americans</topic>
              <topic>Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Minority Employment</topic>
              <topic>Transportation and Public Works</topic>
              <topic>Railway Labor Act</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor Organizations</topic>
              <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
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                   <topic>Racial and Ethnic Relations</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Employment Discrimination: On Basis of Race, Age, Religion, Illegitimacy, National Origin, or Working Conditions.</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1944-008-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
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                   <writer>Harlan Fiske Stone</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Tunstall v. Brotherhood, 323 U.S. 210 (1944)</title>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Railroads</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Steele V. Louisville &amp; Nashville R. CO</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
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                   <writer>Harlan Fiske Stone</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
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            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>1944-007-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
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                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Industrial Assn. v. Commissioner, 323 U.S. 310 (1945)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Board of Tax Appeals</topic>
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              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Tax Court</topic>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Board of Tax Appeals</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Excess Profits Tax</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Taxation of Gifts, Personal, Business, or Professional Expenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-146-01</docketId>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harlan Fiske Stone</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Coffman v. Breeze Corporations, 323 U.S. 316 (1945)</title>
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              <topic>Article III</topic>
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              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>U.S. Constitution</topic>
              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Royalty Adjustment Act</topic>
              <topic>Patents</topic>
              <topic>Standing to Sue: Adversary Parties</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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              <courtTerm>1944</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Adversary Parties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-068-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Inventor, patent assigner, trademark owner or holder</petitioner>
              <respondent>Holder of a license or permit, or applicant therefor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Harlan Fiske Stone</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1944-12-07</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harlan Fiske Stone</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Coffman v. Fed. Laboratories, 323 U.S. 325 (1945)</title>
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              <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Coffman V. Breeze Corporations</topic>
              <topic>Royalty Adjustment Act</topic>
              <topic>Patents</topic>
              <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
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        </subject>
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                   <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutionality</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Government</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Legal Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Coffman V. Breeze Corporations</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-061-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</petitioner>
              <respondent>Holder of a license or permit, or applicant therefor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harlan Fiske Stone</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>McCullough v. Kammerer Corp., 323 U.S. 327 (1945)</title>
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              <topic>Patent Monopolies</topic>
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              <topic>Infringement</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
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              <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
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                   <topic>Patent Monopolies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Infringement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1944-148-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Defendant</petitioner>
              <respondent>Inventor, patent assigner, trademark owner or holder</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Other reason</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Harlan Fiske Stone</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1944-12-11</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Cleveland v. United States, 323 U.S. 329 (1945)</title>
              <partNumber>323 U.S. 329</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>United States Housing Act of 1937</topic>
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              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Federal Public Housing Authority</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Housing Projects</topic>
              <topic>National Supremacy: Intergovernmental Tax Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Federalism</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Property Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>United States Housing Act of 1937</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State and Local Taxation</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Housing Projects</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>National Supremacy: Intergovernmental Tax Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-062-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Ohio">City, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Ohio Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Ohio Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Harlan Fiske Stone</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1944-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Owen Josephus Roberts</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Georgia Lumber Co. v. Compania, 323 U.S. 334 (1945)</title>
              <partNumber>323 U.S. 334</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Appellate Courts</topic>
              <topic>Judiciary</topic>
              <topic>District Courts</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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              <reportNumber>334</reportNumber>
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                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-129-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Forest products, lumber, or logging company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Georgia Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Singer v. United States, 323 U.S. 338 (1945)</title>
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              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Deserters</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Military: Draftee, or Person Subject to Induction</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-063-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Selective Service, Military Selective Service, or Universal Military Service and Training Acts</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Waddill Co., 323 U.S. 353 (1945)</title>
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              <topic>Municipal Tax Liens</topic>
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              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Virginia</topic>
              <topic>Landlords and Tenants</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Tenants</topic>
              <topic>Creditors</topic>
              <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Trustees</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Creditors</topic>
                                    
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims: Over Those of the States or Private Entities</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-147-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Agent, fiduciary, trustee, or executor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Virginia">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Virginia">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Other reason</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Rosenwasser, 323 U.S. 360 (1945)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act (F.L.S.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Piece Rate Employees</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
              <topic>Overtime Compensation</topic>
              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Minimum Wage</topic>
              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
              <topic>Unions</topic>
        </subject>
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              <decisionDate>1945-01-02</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1944</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>323 U.S. 360</usCitation>
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                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act (F.L.S.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Piece Rate Employees</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Statutory Construction</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-130-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
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              <caseOrigin>California Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>California Southern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fair Labor Standards</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>McKenzie v. Irving Trust Co., 323 U.S. 365 (1945)</title>
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              <topic>New York</topic>
              <topic>Consumer Credit</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Buildings and Property</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy Law</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <topic>Bankruptcy (Except in the Context of Priority of Federal Fiscal Claims)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-067-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization</petitioner>
              <respondent>Creditor, including institution appearing as such, e.g., a finance company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Harlan Fiske Stone</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Property</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1944-056-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Tenant or lessee</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (takings clause)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>Act of congress declared unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Owen Josephus Roberts</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Owen Josephus Roberts</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hartford-Empire Co. v. U.S., 323 U.S. 386 (1945)</title>
              <partNumber>323 U.S. 386</partNumber>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-323/USREPORTS-323-386</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
              <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
              <topic>Glassware Industry</topic>
              <topic>Conspiracy</topic>
              <topic>Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914</topic>
              <topic>Government</topic>
              <topic>Injunctions</topic>
              <topic>Licensing and Registration</topic>
              <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</topic>
              <topic>Monopolies</topic>
              <topic>Patents</topic>
              <topic>Antitrust Law</topic>
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                   <topic>Competition and Antitrust</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Patents</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Antitrust (Except in the Context of Mergers and Union Antitrust)</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-131-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Ohio Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>Ohio Northern U.S. District Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Harlan Fiske Stone</chiefJustice>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sherman</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Owen Josephus Roberts</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>4</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Metropolitan Bank v. U.S., 323 U.S. 454 (1945)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-323/USREPORTS-323-454</identifier>
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              <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>National Security</topic>
              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Forged Endorsements</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Finance and Financial Sector</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-057-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>District Of Columbia U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Harlan Fiske Stone</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1944-12-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ford Co. v. Dept. of Treasury, 323 U.S. 459 (1945)</title>
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              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>State and Local Laws</topic>
              <topic>Eleventh Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Construction</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1944-058-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Indiana">State or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Indiana">State commission, board, committee, or authority</respondent>
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                   <type>State or local law or regulation</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>State or Local Law Regulation</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Williams v. Kaiser, 323 U.S. 471 (1945)</title>
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              <topic>Right to Counsel</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Missouri</topic>
              <topic>Crimes Against the State</topic>
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                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1944-059-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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              <authorityDecision>Interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
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                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Tomkins v. Missouri, 323 U.S. 485 (1945)</title>
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              <topic>Crimes Against the State</topic>
              <topic>Indigents: Appointment of Counsel (Cf. Right to Counsel)</topic>
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                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Indigents: Appointment of Counsel (Cf. Right to Counsel)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>1944-060-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
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                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William Orville Douglas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <topic>Legislative History</topic>
              <topic>Telecommunications</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Child Labor</topic>
              <topic>Interstate Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Telegraph Companies</topic>
              <topic>Legislature</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Children&apos;s Rights</topic>
              <topic>Minimum Wage</topic>
              <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
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                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act (F.L.S.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Legislative History</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Unions</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1944-127-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Telephone, telecommunications, or telegraph company</petitioner>
              <respondent>Department or Secretary of Labor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Labor</adminAction>
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              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1944-11-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fair Labor Standards</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Robert Houghwout Jackson</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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              <title>Thomas v. Collins, 323 U.S. 516 (1945)</title>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Freedom of Assembly</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Law and Regulatory Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor Organizations</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
              <topic>First Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>First Amendment, Miscellaneous (Cf. Comity: First Amendment)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>First Amendment</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1944-128-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Union, labor organization, or official of</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Texas">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Appeal</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Texas">State Supreme Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Texas">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>Harlan Fiske Stone</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1944-05-01</dateArgument>
              <dateRearg>1944-10-11</dateRearg>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>State or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Wiley Blount Rutledge</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>United States v. Townsley, 323 U.S. 557 (1945)</title>
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              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
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              <topic>Labor</topic>
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              <topic>Wages and Hours</topic>
              <topic>Legislature</topic>
              <topic>Central America</topic>
              <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
              <topic>Attorneys</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorneys</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1944-055-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1944-12-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>No Legal Provision</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>No Legal Provision</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Owen Josephus Roberts</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Owen Josephus Roberts</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Tiller v. Atlantic Coast Line, 323 U.S. 574 (1945)</title>
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              <topic>Interstate Commerce Commission (I.C.C.)</topic>
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              <topic>Federal Employers&apos; Liability Act</topic>
              <topic>Wrongful Death</topic>
              <topic>Death and Dying</topic>
              <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
              <topic>Worker Safety and Health</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
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                   <topic>Negligence</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1944-098-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</petitioner>
              <respondent>Railroad</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Interstate Commerce Commission</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve important or significant question</certReason>
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              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Employers&apos; Liability, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Fitch Co. v. United States, 323 U.S. 582 (1945)</title>
              <partNumber>323 U.S. 582</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Revenue Act of 1932</topic>
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              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Manufacturing</topic>
              <topic>Commerce</topic>
              <topic>Excise Taxes</topic>
              <topic>Goods and Services</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation of Gifts, Personal, Business, or Professional Expenses</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Wholesale Selling Prices</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discrimination</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Revenue Act of 1932</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
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              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation of Gifts, Personal, Business, or Professional Expenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1944-145-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Manufacturer</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>Iowa Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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              <certReason>Putative conflict</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1944-12-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Frank Murphy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Statutory Authority</topic>
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                   <writer>Owen Josephus Roberts</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harlan Fiske Stone</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Taxation</topic>
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              <topic>Intestate Estates</topic>
              <topic>Gross Taxable Estate</topic>
              <topic>Revenue Act of 1926</topic>
              <topic>Property</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation, Typically Under Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code</topic>
              <topic>Federal Taxation</topic>
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              <docketId>1944-144-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Owen Josephus Roberts</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Federal Employers&apos; Liability Act</topic>
              <topic>Civil Liability</topic>
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              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Other than as in Sufficiency of Evidence, Election of Remedies, Punitive Damages</topic>
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                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
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                   <writer>Hugo Lafayette Black</writer>
                                        
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              <docketId>1944-097-01</docketId>
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              <topic>Fair and Equitable Distribution</topic>
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                   <writer>Stanley Forman Reed</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Hugo Lafayette Black</assigner>
                                    
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                   <writer>Felix Frankfurter</writer>
                                        
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