United States Government Publishing Office publisher pbl distributor dst United States Commerce Department National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) author aut Government Organization Butler, Kathryn M. author aut text government publication eng GOVPUB Executive Agency Publications executive 2023-10-27 Commerce Department 2022-08-10 monographic Withdrawal deposited born digital 364 digital object pages C 13. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-C13-a96326c3cf54722a9910b5e23e3dc2cc P0b002ee1c1bb3fbe on1389890399 (OCoLC)1389890399 DGPO 2023-10-27 2026-06-27 GOVPUB-C13-a96326c3cf54722a9910b5e23e3dc2cc machine generated eng fdlp C13 GOVPUB-C13-a96326c3cf54722a9910b5e23e3dc2cc a96326c3cf54722a9910b5e23e3dc2cc GOVPUB NIST Technical Notes NOTE: THE “DATE ISSUED” ABOVE MAY DEFAULT TO JANUARY 1ST OF A GIVEN YEAR. TO THE VIEW THE MOST ACCURATE DATE OF ISSUE, REVIEW THE TITLE PAGE OF THE PUBLICATION. Studies or reports which are complete in themselves but restrictive in their treatment of a subject. Analogous to monographs but not so comprehensive in scope or definitive in treatment of the subject area. Often serve as a vehicle for final reports of work performed at NIST under the sponsorship of other government agencies. National Institute of Standards and Technology Commerce Department. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2022 2022-08-10 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-C13-a96326c3cf54722a9910b5e23e3dc2cc https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-C13-a96326c3cf54722a9910b5e23e3dc2cc/pdf/GOVPUB-C13-a96326c3cf54722a9910b5e23e3dc2cc.pdf Embers Fence fires Fences Fire spread Firebrands Fires Mulching Parallel fences Structural ignition Structure vulnerability Wildland-urban interface Wildland-urban interface fires Wind-driven fires Butler, Kathryn M. creator Butler, Kathryn M. Johnsson, Erik L. Maranghides, Alexander. Nazare, Shonali. Fernandez, Marco. Zarzecki, Mariusz. Tang, Wei. Auth, Eric. McIntyre, Rachel. Pryor, Michael. Saar, William. McLaughlin, Colin. National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) Engineering Laboratory mdu U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology 2022-08-10. Withdrawal monographic 1 online resource (364 pages) : illustrations (color) text technical report eng A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for combustible fences and mulch under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of materials, designs, and configurations were studied under various wind conditions. The 187 experiments were split into five categories: mulch only, fence only, fence plus mulch, parallel fences, and long range firebrand experiments. Fence materials included western redcedar, California redwood, pine, vinyl, and wood-plastic composites, and fence styles included privacy, lattice, and good neighbor (board on board). The tested mulch types were shredded hardwood, mini pine bark nuggets, pine straw, rubber, and artificial turf. A wind machine provided a mean wind speed between 6 m/s and 14 m/s (13 mi/h to 31 mi/h). The fence and/or mulch bed was ignited by a propane burner on the ground at the end farthest from the structure. A small structure was located between 0 m and 1.83 m (0 ft to 6 ft) downwind of the fence or mulch bed as a target for flames and firebrands. A target mulch bed at the base of the structure tested the ability of firebrands produced by the burning fence and mulch bed to ignite spot fires that threatened the structure. Kathryn M. Butler; Erik L. Johnsson; Alexander Maranghides; Shonali Nazare; Marco Fernandez; Mariusz Zarzecki; Wei Tang; Eric Auth; Rachel McIntyre; Michael Pryor; William Saar; Colin McLaughlin. August 2022. Title from PDF title page (viewed January 4, 2023). Includes bibliographical references. Approved by the NIST Editorial Review Board on 2022-07-15 Mode of access: World Wide Web. Systems requirements: Adobe Acrobat PDF reader. Fences Mulching Wildland-urban interface Fires Fence fires Parallel fences Firebrands Embers Fire spread Structural ignition Structure vulnerability Wildland-urban interface fires Wind-driven fires https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.2228