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         <title>State-of-the-Art Review on Measurement of Pressure Losses of Fluid Flow Through Pipe Fittings</title>
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         <topic>Measurement</topic>
         <topic>Pipe fittings</topic>
         <topic>Pressure loss</topic>
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    <name type="personal">
         <namePart>Batista, Marylia Duarte.</namePart>
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    <name type="personal">
         <namePart>Ferretti, Natascha Milesi.</namePart>
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         <namePart>Engineering Laboratory</namePart>
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    <abstract>This report presents a state-of-the-art review of the measurement of pressure loss of pipe fittings. The mechanisms of pressure loss in pipes and fittings are discussed to facilitate the understanding of this these measurement and their challenges problem. Existing methods for measuring the pressure loss of pipe fittings are critically reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of each method and other general considerations are discussed. The instrumentation techniques are illustrated in detail, including guidelines and considerations for the design or selection of pressure taps, impulse lines, pressure transducers, and flow meters. The available pressure loss data of pipe fittings, published from 1926 to 2019, are reviewed. In general, most of the existing data are not representative of modern pipe fittings and flow conditions. Future research efforts are described to focus on developing a standard method of test and terminology, and generating new representative data for modern pipe fittings.</abstract>
    <note type="statement of responsibility">Lingnan Lin; Marylia Duarte Batista; Natascha Milesi Ferretti.</note>
    <note>June 2022.</note>
    <note>Title from PDF title page (viewed January 4, 2023).</note>
    <note type="bibliography">Includes bibliographical references.</note>
    <note type="venue">Approved by the NIST Editorial Review Board on 2022-03-02</note>
    <note type="system details">Mode of access: World Wide Web.</note>
    <note type="system details">Systems requirements: Adobe Acrobat PDF reader.</note>
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         <topic>Pipe fittings</topic>
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         <topic>Pressure loss</topic>
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         <topic>Measurement</topic>
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