United States Government Publishing Office publisher pbl distributor dst United States Government Accountability Office Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division author aut Government Organization text government publication eng GAOREPORTS Legislative Agency Publications gao legislative 2010-08-12 U.S. Government Printing Office 1994-05-26 monographic deposited born digital GA 1.13:RCED-94-88 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-RCED-94-88 P0b002ee18039f394 f:rc94088 DGPO 2010-08-12 2011-03-24 GAOREPORTS-RCED-94-88 machine generated eng fdlp REPORT GAOREPORTS-RCED-94-88 RCED-94-88 Agricultural production Farm subsidies Grain and grain products Farm income stabilization programs International trade Exporting Commodity marketing Cost control Agricultural programs Microeconomic analysis USDA Rice Program USDA 50/92 Program USDA 50/85 Program China Thailand Vietnam European Community Arkansas California Louisiana Texas Mississippi Missouri USDA Acreage Reduction Program USDA GSM-102 Program USDA GSM-103 Program USDA Foreign Market Development Program USDA Market Promotion Program USDA Export Enhancement Program USDA Targeted Export Assistance Program USDA Flex Acres Program Japan South Korea North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA Chapter Report RCED The rice program, run by the Agriculture Department, cost an average of $1 billion annually between 1986 and 1992 to support rice producers and rice exports. These costs remained substantial because of (1) increased government costs resulting from the marketing loan provision and (2) continuing high deficiency payments. In addition, the government spent $157 million annually over this period to promote exports. The rice program has increased the percentage of farmers' income derived from government support. Government payments as a percentage of producers' total rice revenues nearly doubled, from an average of 27 percent in 1982-84 to 50 percent in 1992. Without the program, some producers would probably go out of business. However, with the program, producers receive rice revenues that, on average, exceed the amount needed to stay in business over the long term. Moreover, although all rice producers benefitted from the program, the benefits were concentrated. For the 1990 crop year, 15 percent of the rice farms received 52 percent of the deficiency payments. Despite federal efforts to boost U.S. exports, the U.S. share of the world rice market dropped from 24 percent in 1980 to 15 percent in 1992. This decline occurred because Thailand began exporting rice of comparable quality at a lower price, some countries lowered their rice imports, and U.S. exports were limited by increased domestic consumption and supply restrictions on the U.S. rice program. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-RCED-94-88/html/GAOREPORTS-RCED-94-88.htm GAO/RCED-94-88 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-RCED-94-88 Chapter Report GAO/RCED-94-88; Rice Program: Government Support Needs to Be Reassessed; Agricultural production Farm subsidies Grain and grain products Farm income stabilization programs International trade Exporting Commodity marketing Cost control Agricultural programs Microeconomic analysis USDA Rice Program USDA 50/92 Program USDA 50/85 Program China Thailand Vietnam European Community Arkansas California Louisiana Texas Mississippi Missouri USDA Acreage Reduction Program USDA GSM-102 Program USDA GSM-103 Program USDA Foreign Market Development Program USDA Market Promotion Program USDA Export Enhancement Program USDA Targeted Export Assistance Program USDA Flex Acres Program Japan South Korea North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA