United States Government Publishing Office publisher pbl distributor dst United States Government Accountability Office National Security and International Affairs Division author aut Government Organization text government publication eng GAOREPORTS Legislative Agency Publications gao legislative 2010-08-12 U.S. Government Printing Office 1999-11-05 monographic deposited born digital 36 p. GA 1.13:NSIAD-00-45 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-00-45 P0b002ee18037a1d4 f:ns00045 DGPO 2010-08-12 2011-03-24 GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-00-45 machine generated eng fdlp REPORT GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-00-45 NSIAD-00-45 Computer equipment industry Dual-use technologies Export regulation Foreign governments Supercomputers International trade restriction Foreign trade policies Technology transfer Internal controls Reporting requirements China Russia India Pakistan Israel Letter Report NSIAD Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the executive branch's report on high performance computer export controls, focusing on: (1) whether the July 1999 report to Congress satisfied the requirements of the Fiscal Year 1998 National Defense Authorization Act; (2) whether the report was factually supported; and (3) how many high performance computers at the current control levels have been approved for export to certain sensitive countries.<p/>GAO noted that: (1) the President's July 1999 report to Congress did not fully satisfy the reporting requirements of section 1211 of the Fiscal Year 1998 Defense Authorization Act; (2) the report did address two of the three requirements--to determine the availability of high performance computers in foreign countries and the potential for use of the newly decontrolled computers for significant military use; (3) it did not, however, assess the impact of such military use on the national security interests of the United States; (4) instead, the report discussed the economic importance of a strong U.S. computer industry to U.S. national security; (5) a 1998 Department of Defense- and Commerce-sponsored study and data from the U.S. computer industry generally provided evidence to support the report's statements that the capabilities of high performance computers and their related components are increasing; (6) however, the President's report implied that there is a greater level of foreign supply of high performance computers than is supported by evidence in the Commerce- and Defense-sponsored study; (7) the study found that U.S. companies and their international business partners overwhelmingly dominate the international market for most high performance computers; (8) further, GAO was unable to assess the justification for the new export control levels because the President's report did not define key terms or explain how they were applied; (9) from November 1997 through August 1999, the United States approved for export 4,092 high performance computers, as defined under the current export control levels, to certain sensitive countries such as China and Russia; (10) China, by far the largest importer of high performance computers, received 1,924 of these approvals; (11) 141 of the computers going to certain sensitive countries, or 3.4 percent of the total, required a license; and (12) the requirement for a license is an indication that the end-use or -user might be connected to the military or a proliferation related end-use or -user. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-00-45/html/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-00-45.htm https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-00-45/pdf/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-00-45.pdf GAO/NSIAD-00-45 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-00-45 Letter Report GAO/NSIAD-00-45; Export Controls: Statutory Reporting Requirements for; Computer equipment industry Dual-use technologies Export regulation Foreign governments Supercomputers International trade restriction Foreign trade policies Technology transfer Internal controls Reporting requirements China Russia India Pakistan Israel Public Law 105-85