United States Government Publishing Office publisher pbl distributor dst United States Government Accountability Office General Government Division author aut Government Organization text government publication eng GAOREPORTS Legislative Agency Publications gao legislative 2010-08-12 U.S. Government Printing Office 1995-06-26 monographic deposited born digital 107 p. GA 1.13:GGD-95-68 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-GGD-95-68 P0b002ee180381c62 f:gg95068 DGPO 2010-08-12 2011-03-28 GAOREPORTS-GGD-95-68 machine generated eng fdlp REPORT GAOREPORTS-GGD-95-68 GGD-95-68 Developing countries Commodity marketing Agricultural assistance Food relief programs International food programs Cargo preference laws Foreign economic assistance Exporting Economic development International economic relations USDA Cottonseed Oil Assistance Program USDA Dairy Export Incentive Program USDA Export Enhancement Program Food Aid Policy Council Gross National Product USDA Sunflowerseed Oil Assistance Program Official Development Assistance USDA GSM-102 Program Usual Marketing Requirement Special Drawing Right Broad-Based, Sustainable Egypt Morocco Sri Lanka Philippines El Salvador Guatemala Jamaica USDA GSM-103 Program Enterprise for the Americas Initiative USDA Market Promotion Program USDA Food for Progress Program Chapter Report GGD

Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the impact of Title I assistance on: (1) broad-based, sustainable economic development in recipient countries; and (2) long-term market development for U.S. agricultural goods in those countries.<p/>GAO found that: (1) U.S. agricultural exports and world food aid has decreased because there are other donor countries and new programs such as the Department of Agriculture's (USDA) market development programs; (2) title I has had minimal affect on sustainable economic development in recipient countries; (3) the primary way in which title I food aid can contribute to broad-based sustainable (BBS) development in the recipient country is to give the country the foreign exchange savings it needs to invest in long-term economic development projects; (4) the link between title I and market development is uncertain, as USDA and other agency studies show no link between title I assistance and the establishment of a long-term commercial market share for U.S. agricultural products; (5) price-sensitive exports restrict title I market development opportunities; (6) Title I program management has been streamlined by assigning title I programs to USDA and titles II and III to the Agency for International Development (AID); and (7) while the objectives of P.L. 480 legislation can support U.S. foreign policy and trade interests, they can also impede the development of an effective program strategy. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-GGD-95-68/html/GAOREPORTS-GGD-95-68.htm https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-GGD-95-68/pdf/GAOREPORTS-GGD-95-68.pdf GAO/GGD-95-68 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-GGD-95-68 Chapter Report GAO/GGD-95-68; Food Aid: Competing Goals and Requirements Hinder Title I Program Results; Developing countries Commodity marketing Agricultural assistance Food relief programs International food programs Cargo preference laws Foreign economic assistance Exporting Economic development International economic relations USDA Cottonseed Oil Assistance Program USDA Dairy Export Incentive Program USDA Export Enhancement Program Food Aid Policy Council Gross National Product USDA Sunflowerseed Oil Assistance Program Official Development Assistance USDA GSM-102 Program Usual Marketing Requirement Special Drawing Right Broad-Based, Sustainable Egypt Morocco Sri Lanka Philippines El Salvador Guatemala Jamaica USDA GSM-103 Program Enterprise for the Americas Initiative USDA Market Promotion Program USDA Food for Progress Program Title 7 Section 1431 Title 7 Section 1736o 7 U.S.C. 1431 7 U.S.C. 1736o Volume 49 Page 1985 49 Stat. 1985 Volume 68 Page 832 68 Stat. 832 Public Law 83-480 Public Law 99-198 Public Law 101-508 Public Law 101-624