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 <subject>Copyrights</subject>
 <subject>Federal agencies</subject>
 <subject>Foreign governments</subject>
 <subject>Foreign trade policies</subject>
 <subject>Intellectual property</subject>
 <subject>International cooperation</subject>
 <subject>International organizations</subject>
 <subject>International trade</subject>
 <subject>Law enforcement</subject>
 <subject>Patents</subject>
 <subject>Program evaluation</subject>
 <subject>Risk assessment</subject>
 <subject>Risk management</subject>
 <subject>Trademarks</subject>
 <subject>Counterfeiting</subject>
 <subject>Program coordination</subject>
 <subject>Strategy Targeting Organized Piracy</subject>
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<titleInfo>
 <title>Intellectual Property: Risk and Enforcement Challenges</title>
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<abstract>Intellectual property plays a significant role in the U.S.
economy, and the United States is an acknowledged leader in its  
creation. Industries that relied on IP protection were estimated 
to account for over half of all U.S. exports and employed about  
18 million Americans in 2006. However, legal protection of IP	 
varies greatly around the world, and several countries are havens
for the production of counterfeit and pirated goods. Counterfeit 
products raise serious public health and safety concerns, and the
annual losses that companies face from IP violations are	 
substantial. Eight federal agencies undertake a wide range of	 
activities in support of protecting IP rights, and two mechanisms
coordinate protection efforts: the National Intellectual Property
Law Enforcement Coordination Council (NIPLECC) and the Strategy  
for Targeting Organized Piracy (STOP). GAO was asked to address: 
(1) the nature of the risks that U.S. corporations face in	 
protecting IP, particularly in countries such as China, and (2)  
U.S. methods for implementing and coordinating domestic IP	 
enforcement activities. This testimony is based on issued GAO	 
reports that focused on IP protection and related trade matters.</abstract>
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<identifier type="preferred citation">GAO-08-177T</identifier>
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<note>Testimony</note>
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 <topic>Copyrights</topic>
 <topic>Federal agencies</topic>
 <topic>Foreign governments</topic>
 <topic>Foreign trade policies</topic>
 <topic>Intellectual property</topic>
 <topic>International cooperation</topic>
 <topic>International organizations</topic>
 <topic>International trade</topic>
 <topic>Law enforcement</topic>
 <topic>Patents</topic>
 <topic>Program evaluation</topic>
 <topic>Risk assessment</topic>
 <topic>Risk management</topic>
 <topic>Trademarks</topic>
 <topic>Counterfeiting</topic>
 <topic>Program coordination</topic>
 <topic>Strategy Targeting Organized Piracy</topic>
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  <partNumber>Title 15 Section 1128</partNumber>
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  <title>United States Public Law 58 (106th Congress)</title>
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 <identifier type="public law citation">Public Law 106-58</identifier>
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