United States Government Publishing Office publisher pbl distributor dst United States Government Accountability Office author aut Government Organization text government publication eng GAOREPORTS Legislative Agency Publications gao legislative 2010-08-12 U.S. Government Printing Office 2006-11-13 monographic deposited born digital 40 p. GA 1.13:GAO-07-77 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-77 P0b002ee18037f159 f:d0777 DGPO 2010-08-12 2011-03-28 GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-77 machine generated eng fdlp REPORT GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-77 GAO-07-77 Blood diseases Cost analysis Dialysis Food and drug law Medicare Payments Policy evaluation Prescription drugs Prices and pricing Program evaluation Rates Urologic diseases Other Written Product A63327 Medicare covers dialysis--a process that removes excess fluids and toxins from the bloodstream--for most individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a condition of permanent kidney failure. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) pays for certain dialysis services under a type of bundled rate, called a composite rate, and, for certain dialysis-related drugs, pays a separate rate per dose each time the drug is administered. These drugs are referred to as "separately billable" and are paid at 6 percent above manufacturers' average sales price (ASP). Recently, the Congress required CMS to explore the creation of a bundled payment for all ESRD services, including separately billable drugs. GAO was asked to examine (1) recent changes in payments for ESRD services, (2) the ASP payment method of setting rates for separately billable ESRD drugs, and (3) CMS efforts to develop a bundled payment method that includes all ESRD drugs. GAO obtained information for this study from CMS, the U.S. Renal Data System, ESRD experts, and previously issued GAO reports. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-77/html/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-77.htm https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-77/pdf/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-77.pdf GAO-07-77 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-77 Other Written Product GAO-07-77; End-Stage Renal Disease: Bundling Medicare's Payment for Drugs with Payment for All ESRD Services Would Promote Efficiency and Clinical Flexibility; Blood diseases Cost analysis Dialysis Food and drug law Medicare Payments Policy evaluation Prescription drugs Prices and pricing Program evaluation Rates Urologic diseases Volume 92 Page 307 92 Stat. 307 Volume 111 Page 251 111 Stat. 251 Volume 114 Page 2763A-463 114 Stat. 2763A-463 Volume 117 Page 2066 Volume 117 Page 2238 Volume 117 Page 2314 Volume 117 Page 2314-15 Volume 117 Page 2315-16 117 Stat. 2066 117 Stat. 2238 117 Stat. 2314 117 Stat. 2314-15 117 Stat. 2315-16 Public Law 95-292 Public Law 105-33 Public Law 106-554 Public Law 108-173