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 <subject>Banking regulation</subject>
 <subject>Bonds (securities)</subject>
 <subject>Credit bureaus</subject>
 <subject>Derivative securities</subject>
 <subject>Federal regulations</subject>
 <subject>Lending institutions</subject>
 <subject>Policy evaluation</subject>
 <subject>Risk management</subject>
 <subject>Securities regulation</subject>
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<titleInfo>
 <title>Credit Derivatives: Confirmation Backlogs Increased Dealers&apos; Operational Risks, but Were Successfully Addressed after Joint Regulatory Action</title>
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<abstract>Over-the-counter (OTC) credit derivatives are privately
negotiated contracts that allow a party to transfer the risk of  
default on a bond or loan to another party without transferring  
ownership. After trading in these products grew dramatically in  
recent years, backlogs of thousands of trades developed for which
dealers had yet to formally confirm the trade terms with	 
end-users--such as hedge funds, pension funds, and insurance	 
companies--and other dealers. Not confirming these trades raised 
the risk that losses could arise. GAO was asked to review (1)	 
what caused the trade confirmation backlogs and how they were	 
being addressed and (2) how U.S. financial regulators were	 
overseeing dealers&apos; credit derivative operations, including the  
security and resiliency of the information technology systems	 
used for these products. GAO analyzed data on credit derivatives 
operations that dealers submitted to regulators, reviewed	 
regulatory examination reports and work papers, and interviewed  
regulators, dealers, end-users, and industry organizations.</abstract>
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 <topic>Bonds (securities)</topic>
 <topic>Credit bureaus</topic>
 <topic>Derivative securities</topic>
 <topic>Federal regulations</topic>
 <topic>Lending institutions</topic>
 <topic>Policy evaluation</topic>
 <topic>Risk management</topic>
 <topic>Securities regulation</topic>
 <topic>Trade agreements</topic>
 <topic>Trade regulation</topic>
 <topic>Policies and procedures</topic>
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  <partNumber>Title 15 Section 77b-1</partNumber>
  <partNumber>Title 15 Section 78c-1</partNumber>
  <partNumber>Title 15 Section 78cnote</partNumber>
  <partNumber>Title 15 Section 78j(b)</partNumber>
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 <identifier type="USC citation">15 U.S.C. 78j(b)</identifier>
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  <partNumber>Title 1215 Section 78cnote</partNumber>
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