United States Government Publishing Office publisher pbl distributor dst United States Government Accountability Office author aut Government Organization text government publication eng GAOREPORTS Legislative Agency Publications gao legislative 2010-08-12 U.S. Government Printing Office 2006-12-05 monographic deposited born digital 35 p. GA 1.13:GAO-07-70 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-70 P0b002ee18037444a f:d0770 DGPO 2010-08-12 2011-03-28 GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-70 machine generated eng fdlp REPORT GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-70 GAO-07-70 Classified defense information Colleges and universities Export regulation Exporting Federal regulations Foreign students Foreign trade policies Internal controls Licenses Policy evaluation Regulation Research and development Risk assessment Strategic planning Technology Other Written Product A63905

Foreign students and scholars have made substantial contributions to U.S. research efforts and technology development. However, according to a federal government intelligence assessment, foreign access to sensitive U.S. technology has imposed a significant but unquantifiable cost to the United States. Given this risk, GAO was asked to (1) describe the nature of the research at universities and identify steps they take to comply with export controls and (2) assess efforts by the Departments of Commerce and State--the key export control agencies--to determine the risk of export violations in university research. GAO reviewed Commerce and State export control programs and met with officials from 13 universities, selected based on their foreign student populations, applications for export licenses, and federal grants and contracts. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-70/html/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-70.htm https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-70/pdf/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-70.pdf GAO-07-70 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-GAO-07-70 Other Written Product GAO-07-70; Export Controls: Agencies Should Assess Vulnerabilities and Improve Guidance for Protecting Export-Controlled Information at Universities; Classified defense information Colleges and universities Export regulation Exporting Federal regulations Foreign students Foreign trade policies Internal controls Licenses Policy evaluation Regulation Research and development Risk assessment Strategic planning Technology Title 8 Section 1101(a)(20) Title 8 Section 1324b(a)(3) 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(20) 8 U.S.C. 1324b(a)(3) Title 22 Section 2778 22 U.S.C. 2778 Title 50 Section 2401-2420 50 U.S.C. 2401-2420 Title 15 Part 734(b)(2)(ii) 15 CFR Part 734(b)(2)(ii)