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 <subject>Disease detection or diagnosis</subject>
 <subject>Emergency preparedness</subject>
 <subject>Health care planning</subject>
 <subject>Health hazards</subject>
 <subject>Immunization programs</subject>
 <subject>Immunization services</subject>
 <subject>Infectious diseases</subject>
 <subject>Respiratory diseases</subject>
 <subject>Influenza</subject>
 <subject>HHS Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and</subject>
 <subject>Response Plan</subject>
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 <title>Influenza Pandemic: Challenges Remain in Preparedness</title>
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<abstract>Vaccine shortages and distribution problems during the 2004-2005
influenza season raised concerns about the nation&apos;s ability to	 
respond to a worldwide influenza epidemic--or influenza 	 
pandemic--which many experts believe to be inevitable. Some	 
experts believe that the next pandemic could be spawned by the	 
recurring avian influenza in Asia. If avian influenza strains	 
directly infect humans and acquire the ability to be readily	 
transmitted between people, a pandemic could occur. Modeling	 
studies suggest that its effect in the United States could be	 
severe, with one estimate from the Centers for Disease Control	 
and Prevention (CDC) ranging from 89,000 to 207,000 deaths and	 
from 38 million to 89 million illnesses. GAO was asked to discuss
surveillance systems in place to identify and monitor an	 
influenza pandemic and concerns about preparedness for and	 
response to an influenza pandemic. This testimony is based on	 
GAO&apos;s 2004 report on disease surveillance; reports and testimony 
on influenza outbreaks, influenza vaccine supply, and pandemic	 
planning that GAO has issued since October 2000; and work GAO has
done in May 2005 to update key information.</abstract>
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<note>Testimony</note>
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 <topic>Disease detection or diagnosis</topic>
 <topic>Emergency preparedness</topic>
 <topic>Health care planning</topic>
 <topic>Health hazards</topic>
 <topic>Immunization programs</topic>
 <topic>Immunization services</topic>
 <topic>Infectious diseases</topic>
 <topic>Respiratory diseases</topic>
 <topic>Influenza</topic>
 <topic>HHS Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and</topic>
 <topic>Response Plan</topic>
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  <title>United States Statutes at Large</title>
  <partNumber>Volume 116 Page 594</partNumber>
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 <identifier type="Statute citation">116 Stat. 594</identifier>
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  <title>United States Public Law 188 (107th Congress)</title>
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