United States Government Publishing Office publisher pbl distributor dst United States Government Accountability Office author aut Government Organization text government publication eng GAOREPORTS Legislative Agency Publications gao legislative 2010-08-12 U.S. Government Printing Office 2005-03-31 monographic deposited born digital 33 p. GA 1.13:GAO-05-399 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-GAO-05-399 P0b002ee180376aa7 f:d05399 DGPO 2010-08-12 2011-03-28 GAOREPORTS-GAO-05-399 machine generated eng fdlp REPORT GAOREPORTS-GAO-05-399 GAO-05-399 Contraception Health hazards Health research programs Immunization services Pharmacological research Public health research Sexually transmitted diseases Publications Consumer education Medical research Preventive health care services HIV/AIDS Other Written Product A20584 Preventing the transmission of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is an important public health challenge. Researchers have sought to develop a microbicide--a substance to help users protect themselves against HIV. In the mid-1980s, researchers found that Nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a spermicide found in various contraceptive products, showed potential as a microbicide. However, more recent studies raised concerns that N-9 may increase certain users' risk of contracting HIV. GAO was asked to describe federal agencies' and contraceptive product manufacturers' actions related to N-9 and HIV. In this report, GAO reviewed (1) the efforts by federal agencies and manufacturers of contraceptive products to assess the safety of N-9 and its effectiveness as a microbicide for preventing HIV transmission and (2) the information provided to the public about the safety of N-9 and its effectiveness as a microbicide. GAO reviewed journal articles, Federal Register notices, product packaging, educational materials, and other documents. GAO also interviewed officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and selected manufacturers of N-9 contraceptive products. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-GAO-05-399/html/GAOREPORTS-GAO-05-399.htm https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-GAO-05-399/pdf/GAOREPORTS-GAO-05-399.pdf GAO-05-399 https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GAOREPORTS-GAO-05-399 Other Written Product GAO-05-399; HHS: Efforts to Research and Inform the Public about Nonoxynol-9 and HIV; Contraception Health hazards Health research programs Immunization services Pharmacological research Public health research Sexually transmitted diseases Publications Consumer education Medical research Preventive health care services HIV/AIDS Volume 114 Page 2763 114 Stat. 2763 Public Law 106-554