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 <subject>Best practices</subject>
 <subject>Direct loans</subject>
 <subject>Federal aid programs</subject>
 <subject>Government information dissemination</subject>
 <subject>Grants</subject>
 <subject>Information resources management</subject>
 <subject>Information technology</subject>
 <subject>Student financial aid</subject>
 <subject>Systems compatibility</subject>
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<titleInfo>
 <title>Federal Student Aid: Progress in Integrating Pell Grant and Direct Loan Systems and Processes, but Critical Work Remains</title>
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<abstract>To address system problems and other long-standing management	 
weaknesses, in 1998, the Congress created a discrete unit within 
the Department of Education, the Office of Federal Student Aid	 
(FSA). This office subsequently adopted a new approach to systems
integration using middleware (a type of software that can allow  
an application to access data residing in different databases)	 
and Extensible Markup Language (XML)--a flexible, nonproprietary 
set of standards that is intended to make it easier to identify, 
integrate, and process information widely dispersed among systems
and organizations. FSA&apos;s first use of this approach is the Common
Origination and Disbursement (COD) process for the Direct Loan,  
Pell Grant, and campus-based programs. GAO initiated a follow-up 
review to assess FSA&apos;s progress in implementing this process.</abstract>
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 <topic>Information resources management</topic>
 <topic>Information technology</topic>
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