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<classification authority="sudocs">GA 1.13:AIMD-95-169</classification>
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 <subject>Liability (legal)</subject>
 <subject>Health care costs</subject>
 <subject>Insurance premiums</subject>
 <subject>Physicians</subject>
 <subject>Hospitals</subject>
 <subject>Liability insurance</subject>
 <subject>Medical equipment</subject>
 <subject>Pharmaceutical industry</subject>
 <subject>Malpractice (medical)</subject>
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 <title>Medical Liability: Impact on Hospital and Physician Costs Extends Beyond Insurance</title>
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<abstract>As Congress considers proposals to reduce to tort liability in the
health care industry, little consensus exists on the extent to which
medical liability-related spending boosts hospital and physician
expenditures, a central issue in the debate over health care reform. GAO
found that hospitals and physicians incur a variety of medical liability
costs. Studies attempting to measure such costs have focused on the cost
of purchased malpractice insurance, which is readily quantifiable
because of state reporting requirements. Other hospital and physician
liability costs, however, are impractical and methodologically difficult
to measure with any precision. Such costs include defensive medicine,
liability-related administrative expenses, and medical device and drug
company&apos;s liability expenses that are passed on to hospitals and doctors
in the price of products. However, a broader understanding of such costs
and their implications is useful to the ongoing medical liability reform
debate.</abstract>
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 <topic>Liability (legal)</topic>
 <topic>Health care costs</topic>
 <topic>Insurance premiums</topic>
 <topic>Physicians</topic>
 <topic>Hospitals</topic>
 <topic>Liability insurance</topic>
 <topic>Medical equipment</topic>
 <topic>Pharmaceutical industry</topic>
 <topic>Malpractice (medical)</topic>
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