[Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents Volume 35, Number 30 (Monday, August 2, 1999)]
[Pages 1508-1514]
[Online from the Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

<R04>
Remarks to the American Legion Boys Nation and Girls Nation

July 28, 1999

    Thank you very much. I always look forward to your coming every year 
because I know we'll have plenty of enthusiasm to light up the old house 
here. [Laughter]
    Let me begin by thanking Secretary Riley, who is, I'm almost sure, 
the longest serving Secretary of Education in American history, and I am 
quite sure the finest Secretary of Education we have ever had. And I 
thank him for his service.
    I would like to thank the officials of Boys and Girls Nation who are 
here: the American Legion National Commander, Butch Miller;

[[Page 1509]]

Boys Nation Director Ron Engel; Director of Activities Jack Mercier, who 
was a counselor when I was at Boys Nation, in 1904 or whenever--
[laughter]--a long time ago--1963--Girls Nation Director Dianne McClung, 
Youth Program Coordinator Kenya Ostermeier.
    I'd also like to acknowledge the presence in the audience of some 
alumni of Boys and Girls Nation: Congressman Jim Ramstad of Minnesota, 
who was there with me in 1963--stand up, Jim. [Applause] And I see one 
of my two White House staffers who is an alumnus, Fred Duval of Arizona, 
who is here. [Applause] Thank you. And Janet Murguia from Kansas is--I 
don't know if she's here or not, but she went to Girls Nation--a long 
time after I did. [Laughter]
    I also can't help noting that--I think the State of Nevada today is 
represented by 
Patrick Sergeant. His father, Colonel Steve Sergeant, is the new Deputy 
Executive Secretary of the National Security Council here at the White 
House, and we're glad to have his service. [Applause] Thank you very 
much.
    I want to thank your Boys Nation and Girls Nation officers who are 
here: Vice President Denise Battle and Vice President John Feeny. If Al 
Gore were here, he would tell you that's a very important job. 
[Laughter] And I might say it is a very important job.
    The Vice President has this great joke. He says every time he votes, 
we win. [Laughter] And as all of you know, we only vote when there's a 
tie in the Senate. And actually, we've had some of the more important--
perhaps one of the two or three most important votes taken in the Senate 
in my term as President was the vote on the economic plan of 1993, which 
led to big reduction in the deficit and gave us the biggest leg up on 
the balanced budget. It was a tie vote, and the Vice President broke the 
tie. So you might think about that as you contemplate your future. It's 
a good thing to break ties.
    I want to thank President Teah Frederick and President Ryan Rippel 
for their comments and their example.
    I look forward to this day every year, partly because of my own 
memories of being at Boys Nation and the debates we had. When you talked 
about the issues you were dealing with--we had this huge debate on civil 
rights in 1963, and I was one of the four representatives from the South 
that voted for the civil rights plank. And in the light of history, it 
looks pretty good. I feel good about it. But I've never forgotten what 
it was like that week hearing from the Cabinet members, meeting Senators 
and Congressmen, and all the debates that occurred.
    I've never forgotten that President Kennedy met with us and made us 
feel that public service is a noble endeavor and that we all could make 
a difference. And I hope all of you feel that way, because your country 
needs you. You have so much to give.
    One of the young people here today may go on to be President. One 
might command the first human mission to Mars. One might develop a cure 
for cancer or AIDS. Perhaps you will teach the next generation of young 
people or help to alleviate poverty or violence in your own communities. 
As long as you keep setting goals and working hard and using your talent 
for the common good, there's no limit to what you can do. And America 
needs you.
    This country has been around a long time because we have remained 
faithful to our ideals, but forever young and open to change. I don't 
want to conduct a tour of the White House today, but the old house was 
finished in 1800. So, on our millennial year, we will celebrate the 
200th birthday of the White House. The painting of George Washington to 
my left, to your right, was painted by Gilbert Stuart in 1797 and 
purchased for the then enormous sum of $500, for the White House. It is 
priceless today.
    But it's worth remembering how important it is to keep democracy 
alive, that in 1814, when we were in the last throes of the War of 1812 
and the British were coming up the Potomac, the President of the United 
States, James Madison--who was the last President to be the active 
Commander in Chief for the Armed Forces, and so was up in Maryland, 
where he mistakenly thought the British would be--at the head of an 
army, sent word back to his wife, Dolley, who was preparing this vast 
banquet--the White House was full of food; this room was full of food--
that the British were on the way and she should get out, but no matter 
what,

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she had to take the picture of George Washington.
    So Dolley Madison cut that picture out of its frame, rolled it up, 
and got out of the White House. The British arrived to find the empty 
frame, ate the food, and burned the house. [Laughter] But we rebuilt the 
house, and the picture still lives. And every time I see that picture, I 
think about it.
    It was in this room that Thomas Jefferson met with his secretary, 
Merriwether Lewis, to plan the Lewis and Clark expedition--right where 
you're all sitting. The place was covered with bearskins and ancient 
maps, and they were--President Jefferson was in love with the geography 
and science, and he saw this whole thing as not only a geographical 
expedition, but he thought that all kinds of scientific information 
would be gathered along the way. So a lot of very important things have 
happened where you are sitting today that remind us that America is a 
place with great opportunities and great responsibilities.
    Today, our country is the greatest force for peace and security and 
human rights and prosperity in the world. We have the longest peacetime 
expansion in our history. We have almost 18, 19 million new jobs now. We 
have the lowest unemployment rate in 30 years, the lowest crime rate in 
26 years, the smallest welfare rolls in 30 years. Our social problems, 
in general, are getting better. Teen drug abuse, pregnancy, teen smoking 
are declining. And the country is learning to live with the most amazing 
array of diversity--racial diversity, ethnic diversity, religious 
diversity--and still find a way to be bound together as one community.
    This is a very important time. And rather like you at this time in 
your life, your always-young Nation faces the question of what to do 
with our prosperity and our promise, just as you face the personal 
question of what to do with your promise. Will we seize this chance of a 
lifetime to meet the long-term challenges of America, to ensure that 
when you are our age, you will have a great country to live in and 
cherish and pass on to your children and grandchildren? I would argue 
that that is the real challenge we face today, just as you must decide 
whether you're willing to continue to forgo certain things today in 
order to achieve your goals tomorrow.
    Will we invest in creating the best system of education in the 
world, with smaller classes, better-prepared teachers, modern and safe 
schools? Will we save Social Security and Medicare before the baby 
boomers retire and the number of people over 65 doubles, which will 
happen in 30 years? Will we make America debt-free for the first time 
since 1835, and so ensure your prosperity, and do those things which 
will enable economic opportunity to come to the people and places who 
still have not felt this recovery?
    These are some, but not all, of the great long-term questions before 
us as a nation, as you gather here. And so we're having this enormous 
debate in Washington. It is a good-faith debate, based on competing 
visions and values. It will help us to define what we see as our most 
fundamental responsibilities to our parents, to our children. It is a 
debate about the future of our Nation and, to be sure, about your 
future.
    I want to talk just a minute about it today, because it is a debate 
that 6\1/2\ years ago, when I was taking office, no one thought we would 
ever have. Everywhere I go in America now I say, ``You know, when I was 
here in 1992, if I had said to you, `Now, I want you to vote for me and 
in 6\1/2\ years from now, I'll come back and we'll talk about what to do 
with the surplus,' they would have laughed me out of the room. I never 
would have carried a single State. They would have said, `That poor 
young man seems like a nice fellow, but he's terribly out of touch.' '' 
[Laughter] Because we had a $290 billion deficit, high interest rates; 
we had averaged 7 percent unemployment for a long time, and we 
quadrupled the national debt in 12 years.
    All I could do was to tell the American people I was going to bring 
the debt down; I would do my best to balance the budget; and if we did 
it, we'd get interest rates down, and investment would come up. And I 
said, but we had to do it in a way that allowed us to continue to invest 
in education, in the environment, in health care and research, the 
things that were critical to our future.
    So that's what I did. You probably won't remember this because you 
were all young, but in the year I ran for President in 1992,

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one of the best selling books--quite a well-written book, written by two 
journalists from Philadelphia--was entitled: ``America: What Went 
Wrong?'' Thanks to the hard work of the American people, our country has 
made a seismic shift in the last 6 years. Now we're looking at $99 
billion in surplus this year, and we look forward to a new decade of 
budget surpluses and a new century full of confidence and pride.
    I'm also proud that while we have eliminated the deficit and 
produced the surpluses, we nearly doubled our investments in education 
and training programs, because that is the most effective investment we 
can make in our long-term future. Without good teachers and high 
expectations, I wouldn't be here today. But education is even more 
important to your generation and will be even more important to those 
coming along behind you because of the nature of the way the information 
age works.
    Secretary Riley has already talked about the historic investments 
we've made to open the doors of college to every American, to do more 
for underprivileged children, to try to make sure every classroom in the 
country is hooked up to the Internet by the year 2000, and that because 
of the so-called E-rate, even the poorest schools will be able to afford 
to log on in all those classrooms--and the other things that we're 
trying to do.
    This year Congress is debating whether to work with us to finish the 
job that Congress made an initial commitment to last year of hiring 
100,000 teachers so we can lower class size to an average of 18 in the 
first 3 grades all across the country. And I have asked Congress to pass 
a tax incentive to help us build or modernize 6,000 schools across 
America, because enormous numbers of young people are going to schools 
that are very, very old, a lot of them not even capable of being wired; 
and a lot of other young children are in housetrailers out beside the 
old schools because we now have, finally, a class of schoolchildren 
bigger than the baby boomers. And we have to do more in that regard.
    I have also asked Congress to help us to strengthen performance--
with higher standards for schools, for teachers, for students--to say 
that Federal aid should go only to those schools that end social 
promotion but also provide summer school programs, after-school 
programs, and extra help to turn schools around that aren't doing the 
job.
    So far, the main thing that the Congress has heard in all this is 
the siren call of large tax cuts on the theory that we have a surplus, 
it's your money, and we ought to give it back to you. Now, it only takes 
5 seconds to say that, and it sounds great. I heard one Member of 
Congress the other day, in all seriousness, said, ``If you let them''--
referring to the President and the members of my party--``if you let 
them keep your money, they'll spend it on their friends.''
    Well, what I have proposed to do is to take most of the surplus and 
set it aside for Social Security and Medicare, and in the years when we 
don't use the money, use that to pay down the debt so we can be debt-
free in 15 years, for the first time since 1835, which means lower 
interest rates for everybody, more investment, more jobs, higher incomes 
and, for your families, lower mortgage rates, college loan rates, credit 
card rates, and car payment costs. And it would guarantee the long-term 
stability of the country. I think that's the right thing to do.
    And I have also proposed to spend adequate amounts of money to 
continue the Federal role's investment in education and medical 
research, national defense, and other things and then to take what's 
left and spend it on a tax cut. It is, admittedly, much smaller than the 
one that the majority approved.
    Now, they believe--to be fair--it is your money, it's the taxpayers' 
money. And they believe that the best thing to do is to give it back. It 
would cost about $800 billion over the next 10 years and $3 trillion 
over the 10 years after that. Sounds like an unimaginable sum--that's 
real money there. And that's when the baby boomers will be retiring.
    Now, the problem I have with it is that under their plan, to be 
fair, we could save the Social Security surplus to pay down the debt, 
partially, but we would not lengthen the life of the Social Security 
Trust Fund or the Medicare Trust Fund, and we'd have to have big cuts in 
education and the other items that I've mentioned. But people would get 
the tax cut. But that would be the price tag; in other words, it's not 
free. So we're having this big debate.

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    My argument is that we quadrupled the debt of this country between 
1981 and 1992. And I don't believe we should be even discussing the tax 
cut until we decide what our obligations are--to deal with the aging of 
America. And let me say, this is not just an issue for you--I mean, for 
us. I mean, I'm the oldest of the baby boomers. But it's not just an 
issue for us. It is an issue for you. Why? Because I can tell you that 
my generation is absolutely obsessed with the notion that if we retire, 
there will be so many of us that we will break the bank of Social 
Security and Medicare and we'll have to depend on our kids to support us 
and then our children won't have the money they need to raise our 
grandchildren.
    So this--when you hear about the Social Security and Medicare 
debate, it's not just about senior citizens. It's about the compact 
between the generations in America and whether we can continue to, in 
effect, let seniors take care of themselves by and large so that their 
children by and large will be free to take care of their grandchildren. 
That's really what is going on here.
    So--and if I had my way, we would decide this issue in the following 
order: We would decide what are we going to do--what does it take to fix 
Social Security and Medicare; what do we have to have to take care of 
education, defense, research, and the things that we should do as a 
nation? And then let's take what's left over and give it back in a tax 
cut. The way we're having the discussion about the size of the tax cut 
first, it would be like if you go home this weekend, when you finish, 
you go home and you have dinner and your folks say to you, ``You know, 
we have always wanted to take this month-long vacation to Hawaii, and 
we're going to take it. We're going to fly first-class; we're going to 
go to the most expensive hotels; we're going to have everything we've 
ever dreamed of. And when we get home, we'll figure out whether we can 
pay the home mortgage and send you to college.'' [Laughter] Now, you 
being--I'm sure you need the vacation. I'm sure it would be a good 
thing. [Laughter] But you wouldn't make the decision in that order.
    So that's the debate we're having here, in part. I believe that a 
lot of people who voted for this tax cut, they know I'm going to veto it 
if it passes, so they don't think it will be law. And they want to be on 
record as, ``I was for a bigger tax cut than President Clinton was.'' 
But what we should be doing, I think, is saying, ``Hey, we have--once in 
a lifetime you get this kind of chance where there's no more deficit, 
projected surpluses, and you know what the big challenges of the country 
are. You know it's dealing with the aging of America, dealing with the 
education of our children, dealing with keeping the economy going and 
bringing economic opportunity to people who haven't felt it. There are 
other things, but let's just focus on those three.'' I think we ought to 
decide what we ought to do.
    And let me give you an idea of what would happen if a tax cut of 
this size were to become law, so you can focus on it. Because there is 
no such thing as a free decision. It is your money, and if you tell the 
Congress you want it back, they could by enough--if they could override 
my veto, they could give it all back to you. I mean, everything you give 
us is your money. We could abolish the Department of Defense tomorrow 
and everything else we do and give it all back to you and have no 
Federal Government. So it is your money.
    But let me give you an example. If we pass the tax cut, and we 
stayed with a balanced budget, according to our Office of Management and 
Budget, here's what the consequences would be. Today we're helping 12 
million children in high-poverty areas get extra help. I have proposed 
reforms to raise standards for them and give them more help. This plan, 
if it passed, with this tax cut, would require us to say to 6 million of 
those children, ``We can't help you.''
    Today, we provide funds to help a million children learn to read 
independently by the end of the third grade. If the tax plan passes, 
we'd have to say to 480,000 of them, ``We're sorry; we can't do that.''
    Today, we're nearing our goal of enrolling a million people in Head 
Start. If the plan passes, we'd have to say to 430,000 preschoolers, 
``We can't do that.''
    Last year we reached across party lines to hire 30,000 of that 
100,000 teachers I talked about. It was a wonderful moment--like

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when we passed the balanced budget in '97, overwhelming majorities of 
both parties in both Houses; when we passed welfare reform in '96, 
overwhelming majorities of both parties in both Houses. That's the way 
the country ought to work. And we did that last year. And it will allow 
us, as I said, if we finish the job, to reduce class size to an average 
of 18 in the first 3 grades. But if the tax cut passes, and we keep a 
balanced budget, we'd have to say to a million students, ``No smaller 
classes.''
    So I think this is a big problem. Today, we're helping 400,000 
students with after-school programs. This is a huge deal. Every inner-
city, tough neighborhood that has after-school programs that are 
aggressive sees a big drop in the juvenile crime rate and a big increase 
in learning in the schools. We propose to triple the number of people 
who would be included in those programs next year. If this tax plan 
passes, we'd have to cut that in half.
    The school construction tax cut I mentioned to you earlier, to help 
us build or modernize 6,000 schools, ironically, is not in the plan. In 
this plan, only 10 percent of that many schools would be fixed.
    Now, these are not just numbers; these are children. And keep in 
mind, most of you are going to be fine regardless. I mean, you got to 
Girls Nation, you got to Boys Nation. Somebody will give you a 
scholarship if your family doesn't have the money to go to college. You 
have to ask yourself whether you will be better off if your country is 
better off. If we try to make sure that we all go forward together--you 
came here because you believed in the American system, a system that is 
designed not to just address the needs of the most talented and the most 
fortunate among us but a system premised on the fact that nearly 
everybody, nearly everybody in a free country can do what is necessary 
to be a good, productive, hard-working citizen if given the tools to do 
so. And I believe that.
    The reverse is true, that those of us who are most fortunate will 
also have the quality of our lives diminished to the extent that we do 
not provide everyone the chance to live up to their God-given abilities. 
So that's what's going on now. And believe me, this is an honest, 
philosophical debate. If the people who disagree with me were here, they 
would say, ``Well, we just think Government wastes too much money, and 
this is your money, and you paid the taxes, and we ought to give it back 
to you.''
    There's another element here I want to say to be fair. We might keep 
spending all this money, but if we did that and pass the tax cut, then 
we'd be right back in the same fix we were in before I took office--huge 
debts, higher interest rates dragging down the economy, higher 
unemployment. So I know it's easier for me to say, maybe, because I'm 
not running for anything. You know--under our system we have a two-term 
limit, and I can't run for anything unless I go home and run for the 
school board some day. [Laughter]
    But I believe that the American people can be told the truth about 
our long-term challenges. And I believe the American people feel good 
about the decisions we made that were hard decisions at the time that 
have brought our country to this moment. And there are still such big 
things out there.
    So what I say is, let's do first things first. Let's lift the burden 
of your parents' aging off your shoulders by securing Social Security 
and Medicare. Let's give you a chance to have an even more successful 
economy than we have today, by getting this country out of debt for the 
first time since 1835 and taking extra steps to bring money into these 
inner-city neighborhoods, the rural neighborhoods, the Indian 
reservations, where there has been no economic recovery.
    Let's continue to make sure that we are investing in the education 
of our young people. We'll still have money for a tax cut that could 
include long-term care, child care--for me, helping ordinary families 
save for retirement; but the main thing is not so much what the elements 
of it are, but that it's not so big that it either throws us into debt 
or requires us to compromise our future.
    Now, that is the way I see this. I wonder if 36 years from now you 
will remember what was going on in Washington with the same clarity that 
I remember. But I can tell you, it was by no means certain that Congress 
and the country would do the right thing on civil rights. Indeed, 
President Kennedy, when he

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addressed the Boys Nation delegates, thanked us for our resolution on 
civil rights and bemoaned the fact that the Governors, who had just met 
a week before we did, could not reach agreement; they could not reach 
across party lines and regional lines to stand up for the elemental 
principal of civil rights. And he thanked us for doing it.
    Thirty years later, 36 years later, it looks like Boys Nation was 
right, and the Governors' Association was wrong. [Laughter] Just look 
around this crowd today. Look at all the differences represented by the 
young men and women here. Who could possibly say that America is not 
better off for the progress we have made? But you need to know a lot of 
people lost their jobs in election sticking up for civil rights in 
places where it wasn't so popular. A lot of Congressmen lost their jobs 
in 1994 because they voted to bring the deficit down, or they voted for 
the Brady bill or the assault weapons ban, which helped to give up the 
lowest crime rate in 26 years.
    But sometimes you have to look to the long run. And one of the 
things that the sad events of the last couple of weeks have reminded us 
all of is that the gifts of life and the burdens of life do not fall 
according to some rational plan--that all of our lives, even if we live 
to be 80--or in the case of Secretary Riley's father, over 90--life is 
still fleeting. And the great test is to try to enjoy and make the most 
of every day and still sow the seeds for your children to have a better 
tomorrow.
    That is what we are trying to do here. Thomas Jefferson said every 
difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. If we can 
remember that here, I think we can once again reach across the party 
lines and the regional lines and think about the long-term interest of 
America. It has been a long, long time since our country has had a 
chance to make provisions for the next generation with absolute 
confidence, unencumbered by the burdens of just getting through the day. 
That is where we are. And I am determined to do everything I can to see 
that we make the most of it to give you the chance to live your dreams.
    Thank you, and God bless you.

Note: The President spoke at 2:52 p.m. in the East Room at the White 
House. In his remarks, he referred to Teah Frederick, president, Girls 
Nation; Ryan Rippel, president, Boys Nation; and authors Donald L. 
Barlett and James B. Steele.