[Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents Volume 32, Number 18 (Monday, May 6, 1996)]
[Pages 776-780]
[Online from the Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

<R04>
Remarks on Returning Without Approval to the House the Common Sense 
Product Liability Legal Reform Act of 1996 and an Exchange With 
Reporters

May 2, 1996

    The President. Good afternoon. Before I make the announcement I 
invited you here for today, I want to congratulate the Department of 
Justice on the success of the Zorro 2 antinarcotics operation that 
Attorney General Reno announced a couple of hours ago today.
    Zorro 2 targeted a Mexican-run cocaine smuggling and distribution 
network in the United States and the Colombian cartel with which it 
worked. It dismantled both the organization that owned the cocaine and 
the organization that ran the transportation system, locking up more 
than 100 individuals across the country, seizing almost 6,000 kilograms 
of cocaine and a thousand pounds of marijuana.
    Critical to the success of this multi-State operation which is a 
part of our southwest border initiative was the cooperation of over 40 
State and local police agencies, the DEA, the FBI, and several other 
Federal agencies all across the country. They combined their resources 
and their expertise to take down this extensive drug organization.
    Today's arrests are another big victory in the fight against illegal 
drugs, the fight to keep them off our streets and out of the hands of 
our children. On behalf of the American people I want to thank our law 
enforcement officers for a job well done.
    Today I am returning to Congress without my signature the product 
liability legislation sent to me this week. I take this step because I 
believe this bill tilts against American families and would deprive them 
of the ability to recover fully when they are injured by a defective 
product.
    I am eager to sign legislation to make our legal system work better 
at less cost in a fairer way. But this bill would hurt families without 
truly improving our legal system. It would mean more unsafe products in 
our homes. It would let wrongdoers off the hook. I cannot allow it to 
become law.
    One of my duties as President is to protect the health and safety of 
our people. Parents should know the toys their children play with are 
safe. Families should know the cars they drive will not explode upon 
impact. Our grandparents have a right to know the drugs and the medical 
devices they use will not injure them. It is a hallmark of our system of 
justice that when a product produces injury or death a family has the 
right to try and recover its losses. And if someone endangers the health 
of the public, he or she should be held responsible. I believe we can 
protect these rights even as we curb frivolous lawsuits.
    Let me be clear: We do need legal reform. America's legal system is 
too expensive, too time-consuming, and does--does--contain too many 
frivolous lawsuits.
    As Governor of Arkansas, I signed several tort reform bills into 
law. In 1994, I signed legislation in this room to limit the liability 
of aircraft manufacturers in what I thought was a reasonable and prudent 
way. We've worked hard to lift the burden of regulation and redtape from 
business. We cut 16,000 pages of Federal rules, giving a break to small 
businesses and working for results. I believe we can help the business 
community in this country without hurting ordinary Americans. But any 
legal reform must be carefully crafted so that the interest of consumers 
and businesses are fairly balanced.
    For a year I tried to work with Congress to write such a balanced 
bill. I made it very clear what I would accept in such legislation and 
what I could not support. When the United States Senate passed product 
liability legislation, it was clearly an improvement over a much more 
extreme House bill. I still had a couple of objections to it, which I 
made very clear. And I expressed the hope that in the conference we 
could resolve those objections so that a bill would be sent to me that I 
could sign.
    Instead, in the conference, the bill moved back toward the House 
bill in a couple of respects, and perhaps even worse, included some 
things which were not included in either the Senate or the House bill, 
but, as too often happens in Washington, were put into the final 
conference version.

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    This bill is opposed by the American Cancer Society, the Heart 
Association, the Lung Association, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, and 
our friend, Sarah Brady--where is she, behind me--and the handgun 
control people. It is opposed by every major consumer and senior citizen 
group. It is opposed by State legislators and State judges. I'm proud to 
be joined today by the attorney general of Mississippi, Mike Moore, who 
opposes it. These are mainstream, Main Street groups, and I believe they 
are right.
    The legislation would make it impossible for some people to recover 
fully for noneconomic damages. This is especially unfair to senior 
citizens, women, children who have few economic damages, and poor people 
who may suffer grievously but because their incomes are low have few 
economic damages. It would arbitrarily cap punitive damages which are 
paid by a corporation that has engaged in egregious conduct, such as 
knowingly making or selling the public a dangerous product. A cap on 
punitive damages can reward wrongdoers and diminish the deterrent impact 
of punitive damages.
    And if a jury, for example--and many juries are being asked to 
consider this today--should ever issue a finding that tobacco companies 
have been not truthful with their customers, this legislation would 
limit the ability of juries to impose punitive damages on those 
companies.
    And in a provision added in the conference, the legislation would 
bar the courthouse door to some consumers altogether if they are unlucky 
enough to be hurt by a product that is 15 years old, even if it's 
supposed to last more than 15 years. That is the case with two of the 
people who are in this room today. In the worst provision added to the 
conference, it would bail out a gun dealer, for example, who knowingly 
sells a felon a gun or a bar owner who knowingly sells a drunk another 
beer before he or she hits the road. And I might say, that is why Sarah 
Brady is here today.
    This was supposed to be a product liability bill. This provision has 
nothing--I reiterate--nothing to do with the manufacture of products 
that subsequently prove defective and injure people. It shouldn't even 
be in this bill, and that is probably why it was put in at the 11th hour 
in the conference without any hearing in the Senate or the House.
    I should also point out that there has been a lot of talk in this 
Congress about the importance of giving responsibilities back to the 
States. That apparently does not apply to laws relating to the civil 
justice system. This bill overrides the laws of all 50 States, in spite 
of the fact that 40 of the 50 States in the last 10 years have acted on 
their own to reform the tort laws, and more than 30 of them have acted 
in the area of product liability.
    So it seems that the Congress is willing to override State laws if 
they conflict with this bill but only, I might add, if the State laws 
are more favorable to the consumers. Now, if the State laws are less 
favorable to the consumers than this bill, they can stand.
    This legislation is arcane, complex; it has a lot of legalisms and 
loopholes in it. But the real fact is it could have a devastating impact 
on innocent Americans who can presently look to our system of justice 
for recovery. Several of them are with me today.
    Janey Fair lost a daughter when her school bus burst into flames 
because the manufacturer wouldn't install an inexpensive safety measure. 
The bus was hit by a drunk driver with no money. Because she could rely 
on joint and several liability she could bring a lawsuit. This is the 
sort of thing that would be changed, as it relates to noneconomic 
damages, in this law.
    The problem is that children have hardly any economic damages. 
They're not out there earning money. Poor people may have just as much 
life expectancy left as you or I, but their economic damages would not 
be as great, no matter how great their human loss.
    Carla Miller was left with her children after her husband was killed 
when his tractor rolled over. Jeanne Yanta lost the ability to have 
children after she used a contraceptive that the manufacturer knew was 
dangerous. Every one of these people is a hard-working American citizen 
who is law-abiding, tried to do the right thing by their families. Every 
one would have been prevented from fully recovering for their losses, or 
in some cases, those who committed civil wrongs would escape full 
punishment if this bill were to become law.

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    I continue to believe that if we were to work together in a 
bipartisan and open fashion we can craft the right kind of legal reform. 
I am still willing to do it. Congress knows well my specific positions. 
If it will send me a balanced bill that cuts back on frivolous lawsuits 
while being fair to families, that gives manufacturers more 
predictability but doesn't bail out real wrongdoers, I would sign such a 
bill without hesitation.
    But this bill does not do that. And because of the changes that were 
made in the Senate bill moving away from rather than toward the 
specifics that I asked for and because of things that were put into the 
conference that were not even a part of the House bill, much less the 
Senate bill, I have no choice but to veto it. And that is what I have 
done today.

Product Liability Veto

    Q. Mr. President, I'm sure you've heard that the Republicans are 
heaping criticism upon you, saying this veto is a payback to the Trial 
Lawyers Association whose members have contributed heavily to your 
reelection. Your response?
    The President. Well, I know they've said that. I think you should go 
back to them and ask them how they could justify depriving Americans who 
are just like these people of the right to recover for their injuries. 
And ask them if they really believe that our economy is so fragile that 
we have to strip from these people the right to be made whole in order 
to continue to make our economy go forward.
    Just today, we learned that in the last quarter our economy grew at 
2.8 percent. We have the lowest unemployment of any advanced economy in 
the world except for Japan. And many people believe as a practical 
matter it's even lower than that nation's. I do not believe that we have 
to have a legal system which shuts the door on the legitimate problems 
of ordinary people in order to get rid of frivolous lawsuits and excess 
legal expenses. And I think that we ought to ask those folks that.
    You know, before I got into being an elected official, I taught law. 
I studied the Constitution. I have sat in courtrooms and seen the faces 
of people who come in there full of fear, full of uncertainty, and full 
of their own hurts. And so it just seems to me that before they notch 
this one up as a special interest vote, I would just say two things: One 
is I made it clear that I would sign legislation that the Trial Lawyers 
Association did not agree with. I made that abundantly clear. I made my 
position clear. Two, what is their answer? Can they really look at these 
people in the face and say, ``Boy, our economy needs it so badly that I 
don't want anybody who's like you in the future to be able to recover 
and be made whole the way you were.''
    And if they--I'll be glad to have the special interest discussion 
with them if they first say, ``It is fine with me if these people, 
people just like these people, in the future cannot be made whole.'' 
They need to answer on the merits before they get to the accusations.

Gas Tax

    Q. Your critics say that you're resisting cutting the gas tax. Is 
that accurate?
    The President. Well, first of all, I believe that the better tax cut 
for Americans is to give people a deduction for the cost of education 
after high school and to give them a deduction for the cost of raising 
their children. It's a lot more money. And it's for a more compelling 
reason.
    The gas tax did not drive up the cost of gasoline. After the gas tax 
was put in and all dedicated to deficit reduction in 1993, gas continued 
to go down for a year. And we have taken steps to bring the price of 
gasoline down. We are moving aggressively on that, and it's beginning to 
work.
    Now if the Congress wants to repeal the gas tax, then it ought to be 
done--I'll say again--in the context of deficit reduction. They ought to 
come in here, and we ought to figure out what our balanced budget plan 
is. We ought to put our common savings together. We ought to have a tax 
program--a tax relief program--that we can afford, and we ought to do 
it. I would be happy to talk with them about this.
    But I think just to sort of out of the blue say we're going to add 
$30 billion to the deficit instead of talking about what the best kind 
of tax relief for America's families is and how we're going to do it in 
the context of balancing the budget is not a responsible thing to do. 
But I'm happy to talk to them about

[[Page 779]]

it. But we have to do it, aware of its consequences and of the choices 
which it will impose upon us. And I think we ought to come in and start 
these budget discussions, and if they want that to be a part of it, it's 
fine with me. I'll be glad to talk to them. I'm not shutting the door on 
that.

Budget Negotiations

    Q. Mr. President, in that vein, you've been keeping up pressure on 
Senator Dole now for a least a good week to come in here and talk with 
you about the balanced budget. Why isn't that working, would you say? 
How long are you going to keep----
    The President. Well, I don't know. You'd have to ask him that, 
because, if you remember, the first day I asked for them all to 
participate again, he suggested that the two of us ought to do it, and 
then through Mr. Panetta, I accepted. So I'm to willing to meet with 
them under any circumstances and try to get--I'll meet with him alone; 
I'll meet with the leadership; I'll meet with a bipartisan, broader 
group. I just think that we need to understand that whenever we have 
worked together, good things have happened.
    You look at the--we've got the telecommunications bill. We've got 
the terrorism bill. We got this year's budget. I would have signed a 
budget I signed last week on the first day of the budget year, 6, 7 
months ago. We've got the bill on lobbying reform. Whenever we work 
together, we can still make good things happen, and we don't need a work 
stoppage here before the election. And we don't need bills just to be--
we don't bill, veto, bill, veto, bill, veto. We need to work together 
and pass legislation that I can sign and keep moving the country 
forward. Then we'll have conventions this summer, and there will be lots 
of times for the campaign.
    Press Secretary Mike McCurry. Thank you, Mr. President.
    The President. I'll take one more.

Product Liability Veto

    Q. Mr. President, you just suggested you would not sign this bill in 
part because it would overrule the 50 State laws, but wouldn't any 
product liability reform overrule the----
    The President. Yes, it would. But I want to point out, it's 
different from like the securities law issue where, essentially, I 
approved the bill except for the changes that were made in the 
conference that nobody ever debated. And I made that clear. And that's 
an area of Federal law.
    There is a general feeling among people around the country that 
there are too many frivolous lawsuits. The only point I'm making is that 
the States have moved to try to address this. As a result of that, there 
have been 40 States that have acted in the area of tort reform. And I 
believe this is right. There may be more, but there have been at least 
30 States that have specifically taken action in the area of product 
liability.
    I just pointed out that it is ironic that the Congress which said 
that what it wanted to do was to give power away from the States, in 
this area wants to take the power away from the States. At least they 
want to take it away one way.
    Yes, if you have any Federal standards, they will, to some extent, 
erode State law. I'm prepared to do that to a limited extent to get rid 
of frivolous lawsuits. But I think we ought to be aware of the fact that 
this country has functioned pretty well for 200 years by being very 
reluctant to do that and letting the States handle that area of our law.
    Now in areas of national commerce, like the securities laws, the 
Federal Government has been very active. In other areas, the Federal 
Government hasn't been so active. So it just is another argument for 
being careful in this area.
    It's not like the States have been asleep for the last decade. It's 
not like they never debated this, not like they never made any 
decisions. They've been quite active in this area. We can go further. I 
am prepared to do it. But I think--I am just bringing it out as a reason 
for further caution.
    Thank you very much.

Note: The President spoke at 2:43 p.m. in the Oval Office at the White 
House.

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