[Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents Volume 29, Number 14 (Monday, April 12, 1993)]
[Pages 534-543]
[Online from the Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

<R04>
The President's New Conference With President Boris Yeltsin of Russia in 
Vancouver

 April 4, 1993

    President Clinton. Good afternoon. I have just completed 2 days of 
intensely productive discussions with President Boris Yeltsin. I want to 
join him in thanking Prime Minister Mulroney and the people of Canada 
for their hospitality. The beauty of Vancouver has inspired our work 
here, and this weekend I believe we have laid the foundation for a new 
democratic partnership between the United States and Russia.
    The heroic deeds of Boris Yeltsin and the Russian people launched 
their reforms toward democracy and market economies and defended them 
valiantly during the dark days of August of 1991. Now it is the self-
interest and the high duty of all the world's democracies to stand by 
Russia's democratic reforms in their new hour of challenge.
    The contrast between our promising new partnership and our 
confrontational past underscores the opportunities that hang in the 
balance today. For 45 years we pursued a deadly competition in nuclear 
arms. Now we can pursue a safe and steady cooperation to reduce the 
arsenals that have haunted mankind. For 45 years our Nation invested 
trillions of dollars to contain and deter Soviet communism. Now the 
emergence of a peaceful and democratic Russia can enable us to devote 
more to our own domestic needs.
    The emergence of a newly productive and prosperous Russia could add 
untold billions in new growth to the global economy. That would mean new 
jobs and new investment opportunities for Americans and our allies 
around the world. We are investing today not only in the future of 
Russia but in the future of America as well.
    Mr. President, our Nation will not stand on the sidelines when it 
comes to democracy in Russia. We know where we stand. We are with 
Russian democracy. We are with Russian reforms. We are with Russian 
markets.

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We support freedom of conscience and speech and religion. We support 
respect for ethnic minorities. We actively support reform and reformers 
and you in Russia.
    The ultimate responsibility for the success of Russia's new course, 
of course, rests with the people of Russia. It is they who must support 
economic reforms and make them work. But Americans know that our Nation 
has a part to play, too, and we will do so.
    In our discussions, President Yeltsin and I reached several 
important agreements on the ways in which the United States and the 
other major industrialized democracies can best support Russian reforms. 
First are programs that can begin immediately. I discussed with 
President Yeltsin the initiatives totaling $1.6 billion intended to 
bolster political and economic reforms in Russia. These programs already 
are funded. They can provide immediate and tangible results for the 
Russian people.
    We will invest in the growth of Russia's private sector through two 
funds to accelerate privatization and to lend to new small private 
businesses. We will resume grain sales to Russia and extend $700 million 
in loans for Russia to purchase American grain. We will launch a pilot 
project to help provide housing and retraining for the Russian military 
officers as they move into jobs in the civilian economy.
    Because the momentum for reform must come upward from the Russian 
people, not down from their government, we will expand exchanges between 
American farmers, business people, students, and others with expertise 
working directly with the Russian people. And we agreed to make a 
special effort to promote American investment, particularly in Russia's 
oil and gas sectors. To give impetus to this effort, we will ask Vice 
President Gore and Russian Prime Minister Chernomyrdin to chair a new 
commission on energy and space.
    Second, beyond these immediate programs, the President and I agreed 
that our partnership requires broader perspectives and broader 
cooperative initiatives, which I will discuss with the Congress when I 
return home. We expect to do more than we are announcing today in 
housing and technical assistance, in nuclear safety and cooperation on 
the environment, and in important exchanges.
    Third, this challenge we face today is clearly not one for the 
United States and Russia alone. I have asked our allies in the G-7 to 
come forward with their own individual bilateral initiatives. Canada and 
Britain have already done so, and I expect others to follow.
    President Yeltsin and I also discussed plans for the G-7 nations to 
act together in support of Russia's reforms. The foreign and finance 
ministers of the G-7 are meeting in Tokyo on April 14th and 15th. 
Coordinated efforts are required to help Russia stabilize its economy 
and its currency. The President and I agreed that Russia and the G-7 
nations must take mutually reinforcing steps to strengthen reform in 
Russia. And those will be announced on the 14th and 15th in Tokyo.
    Beyond these economic initiatives, the President and I discussed a 
broad agenda of cooperation in foreign affairs. We reaffirmed our 
commitment to safe dismantlement and disposal of nuclear weapons. We 
discussed the need to strengthen the Non-Proliferation Treaty and to 
assure that Ukraine along with Belarus and Kazakhstan ratify the START 
Treaty and accede to the NPT as non-nuclear-weapons states. I stress 
that we want to expand our relationships with all the new independent 
states.
    We also agreed to work in concert to help resolve regional crises, 
to stem weapons of proliferation, to protect the global environment, and 
to address common challenges to international peace, such as the tragic 
violence in Bosnia, advancing the promising peace talks we have 
cosponsored in the Mideast, and continuing our cooperation to end the 
regional conflicts of the cold war era.
    Many of the dreams Americans and Russians hold for their children 
and for generations to come rest on the long-term success of Russia's 
reforms and, thus, on the long-term partnerships between our two 
nations. Our new democratic partnership can make an historic 
contribution for all humanity well into the next century. Both of us 
know that it requires effort and vigilance to make progress along the 
path toward democracy's ideal. And I believe we both see those ideas as 
rooted deeply in the human spirit.

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    I think of the words of one of the great poets of democracy within 
our own country, Walt Whitman. In a poem about crossing the East River 
in New York where the Brooklyn Bridge now stands, he commands, ``Flow 
on, river; flow on.'' Of course, the river hardly required his 
permission. It has flowed on for centuries and will continue to, whether 
old Walt Whitman decreed it or not. Yet, he bellowed his enthusiastic 
support for the river's timeless journey.
    Russia's struggle for democracy and America's support are much the 
same. We know that the attraction to freedom that animates democracy 
flows powerfully through the human spirit like a river. Our words do not 
cause that river to flow, and history has now proven that in the long 
run no tyrant can cause the river to stop. Yet, we bellow our support 
because it is right and because democracy's river can carry both our 
nations toward a better future.
    As we have looked out across the Pacific to the shores of Russia and 
its far east over the last 2 days, we have committed ourselves anew to 
that journey. I now return to the United States with a reaffirmed 
commitment to that course and a determination to engage Members of 
Congress in both parties and the American people in a rededication to 
the prospect that a successful and strong and democratic Russia is very 
much in the best interest of America and the world.
    President Yeltsin. First of all, I should like to thank you, Mr. 
President, for your kind words addressed to Russia. I should like to 
thank Canada's Prime Minister, Mr. Mulroney, for the excellent way in 
which this summit of two Presidents of two great powers was organized. 
I'd like to thank the people of Vancouver for being so hospitable, for 
having so warmly welcomed our delegations and us personally, the 
Presidents. I should like to thank the journalists, who, it seems to me, 
kept a round-the-clock watch at their posts.
    I am fully satisfied by the results and by the spirit and atmosphere 
of my encounter with President Bill Clinton. It was in all senses out of 
the ordinary. But it was made extraordinary by processes transpiring in 
the United States and Russia, conditioned by very special relationships 
developing between ourselves and Mr. Bill Clinton. We met for the first 
time but yesterday, but became partners back at that meeting in 
Washington.
    When Bill Clinton became President, we rapidly established good 
working contacts over the telephone. We candidly discussed the most 
intricate issues and stated at the outset that there would be no pauses 
in our dialog and that we would rapidly manage to find time to meet and 
established that right at the beginning, as I say, several months ago.
    We had no right to further postpone personal encounter in the face 
of this world emerging from a wounded past, its thoughts preoccupied by 
what has occurred in two great countries, the United States and Russia. 
We immediately found common language in Vancouver, probably because 
we're both businesslike people and at the same time, to some extent, 
idealists, both.
    We also believe that freedom, democracy, and freedom of choice for 
people are not mere words and are prepared to struggle for our beliefs. 
We understand that everything that happens in the world is interlinked, 
that cooperation is not concession-making but a vital necessity, a 
contribution to our future.
    At previous meetings, the nations' leaders discussed primarily the 
disassembly of confrontational structures, but here in Vancouver, we 
talked about building the new, laying the foundations of a future 
economy. This was the first economically oriented meeting of the meeting 
of the two great powers. We adopted some signal decisions in the 
interests of the people of the Russian Federation, in the interests of 
the people of the United States of America, in the interests of the 
world's people.
    We decided to eliminate discriminatory limitations on trade with 
Russia. We, in fact, said that we were simply hurt. Russia had embarked 
upon the path of democracy, whereas America was still treating us as 
though we were a Communist country. In fact, we're struggling against 
communism. I stated that quite clearly, and Bill Clinton agreed. We are 
prepared to compete but compete honestly. We decided to alter our 
approach to trade in Russian uranium, space technology, access to 
Russian military technology. We decided to do away with the Jack- 

[[Page 537]]

son-Vanik amendment and to resolve other legislative issues. There is 
considerably greater interest on the part of American investors in the 
fuel sector, in Russia space technology. We decided to cooperate in this 
area and decided to join forces, the U.S. and Russian administrations.
    The economic package of Bill Clinton--this is what it's going to be 
called from here on in--Bill Clinton's economic package is predicated on 
the fact that America wishes to see Russia prosper with a blooming 
economy. America intends to support Russian entrepreneurs, particularly 
small and medium farmers, Russia's youth. It's going to cooperate in 
housing construction for the military and in other areas. All of this is 
in support of Russian reforms, a part of the strategic form of 
cooperation between us, stressed Bill Clinton. Now, that figure, the 
figure that reflects that cooperation is a $1.6 billion. We're looking 
forward to other steps to be undertaken by the United States of America 
and other major industrial countries to support real reform in Russia.
    The linkage between that set of measures and other political 
measures was avoided. Of course, military and political problems could 
not be skirted. We discussed what might be done to see to it that all 
participants in the Bosnian conflict support the U.N. position. Here, 
our positions match as to the main points. We devoted quite a lot of 
attention to problems of nonproliferation. We decided to extend our 
agreements on the avoidance of accidents, such as the near accident 
involving submarines very recently. We decided to strengthen cooperation 
between various areas of the military. All of this is reflected in the 
Vancouver declaration, some of the principal elements of that 
declaration.
    Members of our delegation felt that the U.S. side did appreciate 
that support for Russia had to be timely. Our partners make it their 
goal to support Russia's reforms, which are not yet yielding major 
results as far as ordinary Russians are concerned.
    The meeting in Vancouver signals a shift from general assurances of 
support to Russia to pragmatic, specific, nitty-gritty projects. What we 
see dominating here are economic and not military strategic issues 
dominant.
    Another very important result is that we, with President Bill 
Clinton, did establish some pretty close personal contacts. Bill Clinton 
is a serious partner. He is prepared to tackle the major problems 
confronting our two countries in the interest of our two countries, in 
the interest of all free people throughout the world. I have invited 
Bill Clinton to visit Moscow, to render us an official visit at a time 
convenient to himself.
    Thank you very much.

Nuclear Disarmament

    Q. President Clinton, after 45 years of deadly competition in 
nuclear arms and now a new spirit of democratic partnership, in this new 
spirit of democratic partnership, did you discuss whether Russia and the 
United States--[inaudible]----
    President Clinton. We did discuss that, and we discussed that within 
the framework of the START agreements and the timetables established--
[inaudible]--and we agreed that we would reexamine that at an early, 
early time. We did not resolve that issue, but we agreed to take it up 
again.

Aid to Russia

    Q. A question, Mr. President, for you and President Yeltsin. Much of 
Bill Clinton's economic package is old wine in new bottles, and it's 
money that was previously authorized and appropriated by Congress. Why 
will it make a difference now, more of a difference now than it would 
have when it was approved last year? And what guarantees are there that 
it will be delivered this time, when it was not, when originally 
approved?
    President Clinton. I'd like to make two points. First of all, the 
nature of this package is, I think, somewhat different than the one 
which was discussed last year. First, three-quarters, three-quarters of 
this money will be distributed not government to government but will go 
to benefit the private sector, the emerging private sector in Russia, 
and will go outside of the central apparatus in terms of supporting 
privatization, helping to start new businesses, establishing a democracy 
corps at a really significant level.
    If you look at all the things that are down here, they are very 
specific; they are tangible; they are designed to develop concrete 
benefits for the people who will be involved. And

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as President Yeltsin reiterated to me in our last meeting, in each of 
these categories we have a proven mechanism for distributing the 
assistance so that we know how to get the money to its intended purpose.
    The second point I would like to make is that we intend for this to 
be leveraged in two ways: first, because I intend now to go back to the 
Congress, to the leaders of both parties with whom I met extensively 
before I came here, and discuss a second package of bilateral assistance 
which will be more aggressive in the areas of energy and environmental 
cleanup, areas which will be dramatically helpful in supporting the 
economy of Russia, and more aggressive in the whole issue of housing for 
returning soldiers, which is a very important issue socially and 
politically as well as economically in the country, and in several other 
areas. And we have asked the other G-7 countries each to do something on 
their own. And those messages are coming in now.
    And finally, I would remind you that we want a different kind of 
multilateral agreement to come out of Tokyo. That is, last year when the 
figure $24 billion was floated all across the United States and the 
world and Russia, a lot of it was contingent on all kinds of things 
which never happened and could not reasonably have been expected to 
happen. We are going to try to make sure that anything we say will be 
done, in fact, will be done. And that will be a big difference.
    President Yeltsin. I should like to stress a major difference 
between that which was decided upon in the past and that which was 
decided upon, economically speaking, in Bill Clinton's economic package: 
first, a close linkage to specific sectors in terms of sums earmarked, 
which will enable us to monitor the expenditure of each and every line 
item; second, a close connection to deadlines, which had never been done 
in the past. The figure of $24 billion was moot at, say, by the year 
2000, but now we've stated the 25th of April, 27th of April, 1st of May, 
the month of May, the month June, the month of September, the month of 
October, and throughout the remainder of 1993. That is the principal set 
of differences.

Russian Reform

    Q. You somewhat anticipated what I had intended to ask. I see here a 
clear break in the type of assistance being rendered to reform, about 
which so much had been said by way of lipservice in the past. So what do 
you expect of the G-7 meeting in Tokyo, then?
    President Yeltsin. Reform, of course, is proceeding, but it's a 
young reform process. It's really only a year old. It's only for a year 
that we have reform underway in Russia. Now, in that one year we have 
had 60,000 private enterprises set up. In over 70 years not a single one 
was established. We must remember that over 50,000 major stockholding 
companies in that one year. These are perhaps minor successes, but they 
are signal successes nonetheless.
    But of course, certain quarters are putting on brakes on the 
process. Russia tends to run out of breath from time to time. It needs a 
transition period, a breather of, say, 2 years. And in that period of 
breather, we need this kind of support; not aid, I would stress, not in 
assistance but support, because in supplying food, technologies, goods, 
et cetera, et cetera, you do create additional workplaces, additional 
jobs in the United States of America, additional use of American 
industrial plant capacity, a fuller use of U.S. economic potential. So 
these are not Christmas presents, I put it to you, not at all. This is 
policy and major policymaking, I put it to you. Thank you.

Aid to Russia

    Q. President Yeltsin, President Clinton, you've all indicated your 
devotion to democracy, but that you're both idealists at the same time. 
But what we're hearing about right now is a very pragmatic, a very down-
to-earth set of measures, a very down-to-earth program. Now, President 
Yeltsin, how is this assistance to be rendered to particular sectors? 
You've indicated that there is a definite time, a place for delivery of 
the assistance. Now, you've also indicated that jobs will be created in 
America. But what will actually happen on the ground, so to speak, in 
Russia?
    President Yeltsin. Let's say we're going to spend 300 billion rubles 
on health in Rus- 

[[Page 539]]

sia, that will reach every single Russian--100 million in medicines that 
will reach every Russian. Technology--after all, new technologies will 
generate new consumer goods for each and every Russian. Everything is 
people oriented. This is Bill Clinton's policy. It is Yeltsin's policy. 
That is, that we work for people's benefit, for the benefit of each and 
every free individual.

Aid Coordination and Trade Restriction

    Q. What assurances do you have from President Yeltsin that this 
medicine, this food, these housing guarantees, that any of this can 
really be delivered through a system that we've been told is very 
bureaucratic and somewhat corrupt? What assurances have you given him 
that there won't be logjams on the American side? And could you tell us, 
do you agree with his opening statement that there is agreement here 
between the two leaders about ending the Jackson-Vanik amendment and 
about the technology transfers thru COCOM?
    President Clinton. Let me answer the first question first. On the 
delivery systems, we have reached a tentative agreement, pending the 
acquiescence by other G-7 countries--I say that because I have not had a 
chance to discuss this with any of them--that there were logjams in the 
past, both within the Government Agencies of the United States and other 
countries and within Russia itself, and that we have now asked in a very 
carefully coordinated fashion all the G-7 to do two things: to commit to 
more bilateral assistance in terms of development and partnership and to 
work for a multilateral development package.
    So we have tentatively agreed, the two of us have--but again, I say 
nobody else has agreed to this--that we should establish a coordinating 
office in Moscow to make sure, number one, that each of us in the G-7 
does what we promise to do on time, without delay, and number two, that 
our efforts are coordinated within Russia, both so that we are not in 
conflict with each other and so that the money can actually go where 
it's supposed to go. So we devoted quite a bit of time to the whole 
business of implementation.
    As to your second question, we discussed Jackson-Vanik, COCOM, and a 
number of other issues. And I told President Yeltsin that in my meetings 
with the Congress before I left, we agreed that certain Members of 
Congress with an interest in this--I might add, in both parties--would 
actually compile a list of every one of the cold war legislative and 
other restrictions that are still being applied to Russia, even though 
it is now a democratic state, that I would listen to President Yeltsin 
on these issues, and that I would then return home and we would make as 
many changes as we could.
    But with regard specifically to Jackson-Vanik, I think the issue 
there is whether--it's a fact question from my point of view: Are there 
any more people who wish to emigrate who have not been allowed to? The 
President says he doesn't think so. He's going to look into that. I'm 
going to go back and raise that issue with Congress, along with the 
COCOM issue and a whole range of others. And I would expect within a 
matter of a few days, we'll be able to give to the American press and 
public a comprehensive answer to what the position of the administration 
on that will be.
    Q. COCOM?
    President Clinton. Including that. We are reviewing that, too.
    Go ahead.

Areas of Cooperation

    Q. My question is directed both to President Yeltsin and to 
President Clinton. It goes as follows: The elimination of restrictions 
on trade with Russia, if that does happen, what perhaps should be the 
harbinger of the establishment of those relations of partnership which 
we've been talking about for so long. Now, I'd like to ask you, 
gentlemen, what particular priority areas are up for partnership and 
cooperation? And President Clinton, how do you feel? Are there 
particular areas which the U.S. might like to stress in building up 
business cooperation with the Russians?
    President Yeltsin. On that first point, I should like to say that we 
discussed something like 50 issues yesterday and today, and practically 
all of those issues had to do with partnership. We would not manage to 
tackle

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any one of those issues if we were not partners, if we were rivals in 
each other's eyes, adversaries in each other's eyes. No, we are partners 
and future allies. That was the way our relationship unfolded. That's 
the way the negotiations went. That's the way we went about resolving 
issues. And in discussing those approximately 50 issues, we didn't sweep 
anything under the table; we didn't set anything aside. We decided 
either to pass them on for further investigation and analysis, or else 
we resolved them on the spot.
    President Clinton. I'd like to answer the question also, and respond 
to what President Yeltsin said. Among the areas in which the United 
States sees real opportunities for joint activity are energy, space, the 
environment, nuclear safety. These are some of the areas that we believe 
we can work together on in ways that would benefit Russia economically 
in a very short time and also be beneficial for the United States. Over 
and above that, we discussed but did not settle on a range of possible 
actions that we could take to make private investment in Russia more 
attractive to American investors because, after all, in the end a market 
economy is built by private investment and not just public investment 
alone.
    The second point I'd like to make in response to the comment by 
President Yeltsin: We did discuss a phenomenal number of issues. I think 
it's fair to say we discussed more issues than either one of us thought 
we would when we came here. We did not agree on everything. You would 
not expect the leaders of two great nations, even in partnership, to 
have total agreement. But we did come to agreement on how we would 
handle these issues, how we would try to work through our disagreements, 
and what we would do in the future. And I appreciated the extreme candor 
with which President Yeltsin treated all our discussions, including 
those areas where there is still some gap between our two positions.

Submarine Incident and Baltic States

    Q. I have a two-part question, one for each of you. Mr. President, 
on another irritant in the U.S.-Russian relationship that was pointed 
out to us yesterday by your Communications Director, George 
Stephanopoulos, the patrolling off the Russian coast by U.S. submarines: 
What have you agreed to now to prevent these kinds of accidents from 
recurring down the road? Is this another case of old habits dying hard, 
that the U.S. still finds a need to keep these kinds of submarines off 
the Russian coast?
    And for President Yeltsin: An irritant in the U.S.-Russian 
relationship is the slow withdrawal of Russian troops from the Baltic 
States and from Eastern Europe. Are you committed to withdrawing the 
Russian soldiers as quickly as possible from those independent nations?
    President Clinton. Let me answer first. I don't mind saying to this 
whole assemblage that I told President Yeltsin I very much regretted the 
submarine incident, and that I had ordered a thorough review of the 
incident as well as the policy of which the incident happened to be an 
unintended part, and that as soon as that review was completed, I would 
engage Russia at the appropriate levels to discuss whether the policy 
should be changed and where we should go from here. That was a 
regrettable thing, and I don't want it to ever happen again.
    President Yeltsin. On the first point I'd add just a couple of 
words. We did agree that somewhere late in May or early in June the 
Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Grachev, would visit the 
United States of America to discuss the entire gamut of issues of this 
sort, including close passage of submarines, so that such incidents 
might be avoided in the future.
    Now, with regard to withdrawal of troops from the Baltic States, we 
are adhering very closely to the schedule on troop withdrawals from 
Lithuania, and we are completing work on that schedule since Lithuania 
does not violate human rights and treats the Russian-speaking population 
fairly. If Latvia and Estonia violate human rights, if their laws are 
presently so structured that in fact some national minorities continue 
to be persecuted, and that involves basically Russians, we have, on the 
whole, adopted a political decision, a policy decision to withdraw 
troops from those states. We will be scheduling the actual withdrawal in 
line with what they decide in the human rights area.

[[Page 541]]

Russian Referendum

    Q. I have a question that I would like to address to President 
Yeltsin and also to President Clinton.
    President Yeltsin, you indicated that Bill Clinton's economic 
package lays the groundwork for partnership between the United States of 
America and Russia and will provide considerable impetus to the reform 
process in Russia. In April, we're going to have a referendum in Russia. 
How, here today in Vancouver, would you forecast the situation unfolding 
on the basis of agreements reached here in Canada?
    Now, President Clinton, the personal factor is a major element in 
politics. Now, what would you indicate by way of your personal contact 
with President Yeltsin in regard to the referendum?
    President Yeltsin. That's our internal domestic issue. Whether it 
will be impacted directly or indirectly is another issue, but it's up to 
us to deal with the referendum issue. It's up to us to work with our 
people. It's up to us to persuade the citizens of the Russian Federation 
that if they do not vote in favor of confidence on the 25th of April, 
they will be dealing a major blow not only upon Russia but also upon the 
United States of America, upon the other countries of the world. This 
would be a loss to democracy, a loss to freedom, a rollback to the past, 
a return to the Communist yokes, something which is entirely 
inadmissible.
    President Clinton. My personal reaction to President Yeltsin based 
on these 2 days is, first, that he is very much what he seems to be--
he's a person who rose from humble beginnings, who has never forgotten 
where he came from--and second, that his enduring virtue is that he 
trusts the Russian people.
    The great courage involved in all democracies is that in the end you 
have to trust the people, including you have to trust the people if they 
decide to throw you out. You have to trust the people.
    Boris Yeltsin has put the fate of the Government of Russia into the 
hands of the people of Russia. That is a unique thing in your history. 
There are few nations in the world that have the spirit, the culture, 
the richness that the Russian people can claim. And yet, for too long, 
they were never given control over their own destiny. My belief is that 
deep down inside he actually does trust all the people who live in those 
communities in the 12 time zones that make up Russia. And that is a very 
great thing.
    Yes.

Exchange Programs

    Q. Mr. President and Mr. President, definitely we are interested if 
there is any part of the package which deals with Russia's far east and 
Pacific Northwest of the United States of America as far as economic 
reform and development is concerned and people-to-people relationships 
in particular.
    President Clinton. Yes, we agreed to have a substantial increase in 
the exchanges of people, particularly in the area of increasing the 
number of people we might bring to this country for training in business 
management, and big increases in student exchanges and a whole range of 
other things, including agriculture and other areas that we are still 
going to identify.
    Let me say that it is easy to minimize such things because they 
often do not cost as much money as some other parts of a long-term 
development package. But no one who has lived through the second half of 
the 20th century could possibly be blind to the enormous impact of 
exchange programs on the future of the countries.
    You know, when I was a young man I worked for the chairman of the 
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Fulbright. There is a 
scholarship program that carries his name that, literally, in my 
judgment, has changed the whole direction of policy in country after 
country after country. So I believe this is a very important thing, and 
I'm going to do everything I can to see that there is a major, major 
increase in the number of broad-gauged exchanges. And I might say I 
think that has great support in the United States Congress.
    President Yeltsin. I'd like to add a few words to that. This 
package, which I would like to call a very large and wise package which 
is going to make history, involves yet another question mark, and that 
is that of assisting the native populations in the northern reaches of 
Russia. It's a very, very important issue to tackle that one.

[[Page 542]]

Russian Referendum

    Q. I would like to know what is your deep feeling, because everybody 
tries to help you, and I think everybody is right to help you because 
you represent democracy. But the question I will ask you is that, after 
you, do you think there is an alternative that maybe our American 
friends, President Clinton, has been obliged to think about in case your 
enemies, your adversary oust you from power after the referendum on the 
25th of April?
    President Yeltsin. My first point to that would be this: I intend to 
do everything I can in my power--and, by the way, I do believe in the 
Russian people making its proper choice on the 25th of April. At the 
moment, today I say there is no alternative to Yeltsin. Perhaps there 
will be one tomorrow, but certainly not one today.
    President Clinton. If I were on the ballot, I would make exactly the 
statement. The answer to your question is simple, I think. I have made 
it clear that the United States is committed to democracy, to human 
rights, to market economics, to reducing the nuclear threat, to 
respecting national sovereignty of the other newly independent states. 
We have interests and values. They are embodied by the policies and the 
direction of President Yeltsin. They are enduring. He is the duly 
elected President of Russia. And as long as he is, I intend to work with 
him and support him because he reflects those enduring values.

Specifics of the Aid Package

    Q. I have a question to the President of Russia. The overall sum of 
this is that this is perhaps not so great. For example, when we had the 
Los Angeles riots we had a package twice that size set up. Now, what 
sort of projects in Russia do you think will yield the most immediate 
results and will have the greatest impact socially in the short run?
    President Yeltsin. I feel that we do not need astronomical figures, 
headline-making figures. What we need are real figures. These are real 
figures which are do-able, which are implementable in terms of things 
that we can do.
    Q. Well, what specific projects would you regard as the most 
effective ones?
    President Yeltsin. Well, the first priority would be fuel, which 
would enable us to replenish, to top off our hard-currency reserves. I'm 
talking about oil and gas, its revitalization, and we addressed that 
topic in very specific terms. The next issue would be immediate delivery 
of goods to the people.

Cuba

    Q. I have a two-part question, one for Mr. Clinton and one for Mr. 
Yeltsin, please. Before leaving the United States, Hispanic Congressmen 
requested that you talk about the nuclear plant of Cienfuegos in Cuba, 
trying to get the commitment of Mr. Yeltsin not to continue or not to 
help in continuing the construction of that plant. Did you get that 
commitment?
    And for Mr. Yeltsin: I would like to know if you have a timetable 
for finishing the withdrawal of troops, Soviet troops, from Cuba?
    President Clinton. First of all, let me say that the day of massive 
subsidies between Russia and the Government of Cuba is over. The lion's 
share of the trade which exists now between Russia and Cuba is a market-
based trade. There is a nuclear facility being constructed there. The 
United States is concerned about it. We've expressed our concern about 
it. That was basically the extent of our discussions here at this 
meeting.
    President Yeltsin. In regard to troop withdrawals, we have already 
initiated that withdrawal and are now finalizing a schedule for the 
final withdrawal of troops; nothing in terms of a specific timetable.

Characterization of Summit

    Q. I have a question for President Clinton. Mr. President, even 
today, I think we can foretell that President Yeltsin's opponents will 
certainly be accusing him of making unilateral political concessions in 
exchange for Clinton's package. Perhaps we could anticipate their 
commentary and respond to that question even today.
    President Clinton. First of all, I do not believe it would be fair 
to say that President Yeltsin made a lot of political concessions in 
return for the commitments made by the United States. We did clarify 
some positions on some issues. And I felt better about it. But basically 
everything President Yeltsin said in our private meetings was consistent

[[Page 543]]

with the direction in which he has tried to lead Russia since he has 
been President.
    Secondly, I would remind you that the United States also has taken 
some steps that have nothing to do with money to try to reinforce the 
fact that we consider this a partnership of two great nations, that we 
want to work in partnerships. That's why I agreed to a comprehensive 
review of all the cold war statutes and other limitations on our 
relationships with Russia. That's why I went out of my way to tell the 
President in our very first meeting how much I regretted the incident of 
the submarine bumping and how I was committed to reviewing our policy 
and to getting back with him on that.
    So I would say that President Yeltsin's opponents might want to 
characterize this meeting in that way, but it would not be a fair 
characterization. In fact, it would be a distortion of the conversation 
that we had.
    President Yeltsin. I am not frightened of possible reprimands or 
reproaches from the opposition because I see no single matter upon which 
it could hang such an accusation. There's nothing in any of the 
documents; there's nothing in what was said between us.
    President Clinton. Thank you very much.

Note: The President's ninth news conference began at 1:45 p.m. at Canada 
Place. President Yeltsin spoke in Russian, and his remarks were 
translated by an interpreter.