[Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents Volume 29, Number 8 (Monday, March 1, 1993)]
[Pages 308-314]
[Online from the Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

<R04>
The President's News Conference With Prime Minister John Major of the 
United Kingdom

 February 24, 1993

    The President. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I want to 
formally welcome Prime Minister Major to the White House and to the 
United States. We are delighted to have him here. As I'm sure you know, 
he has already met earlier today with people on the Hill and with 
members of my Cabinet. We have just finished the first of two meetings. 
We talked for about an hour, and then this evening we'll have a working 
dinner.
    About the conversations we've had so far, I'd just like to make two 
points. First, we covered a wide range of topics. We talked about 
Bosnia, as you might imagine we would. We talked about the Middle East. 
And then the rest of our time was spent virtually exclusively talking 
about economic matters, about the upcoming meeting of the G-7; about the 
importance of trying to get an agreement under GATT and my commitment to 
that; about the absolute necessity of the United States, Europe, and 
Japan working together during this difficult time to try to prevent a 
contraction of the global economy and instead to hopefully promote 
growth, not only here at home but throughout the world. And we talked 
about that at some considerable detail.
    The Prime Minister, as you know, has been in office a lot longer 
than I have. And I asked him for his advice about a number of things and 
his opinion about others. And we had a very, very good meeting. And I'm 
looking forward to our dinner tonight.
    A second point I would like to make is to reaffirm something that 
some of you asked me during the photo op, and that is whether the United 
States will continue to have a very special relationship with Great 
Britain. The answer to that from my point of view is an unqualified yes. 
I think that only two Presidents ever lived in England. I think I'm one 
of only two. There may have been more somewhere in the past centuries. 
But this is a very important relationship to me, and I think it's off to 
a very good start. And I would like to say again how much I appreciate 
the candor with which the Prime Minister has approached the issues, with 
which we've discussed our mutual interests.
    Mr. Prime Minister.
    Prime Minister Major. Mr. President, firstly, thank you for your 
welcome today. And I've found our meeting extremely useful, and I look 
forward to continuing it this evening. And I certainly had some very 
useful meetings this morning on the Hill and with other members of your 
Cabinet earlier this morning, with Lloyd Bentsen, and of course over 
lunch as well with some of your colleagues.
    It's nice, having had a number of telephone conversations over the 
last few months, to actually see a face across the table rather than 
just hear a voice across the phone. And I look forward to continuing 
that dialog this evening.
    You set out some of the things that we were able to discuss over the 
last hour or so. I was particularly pleased we were able to reach such a 
meeting of minds on the importance of reaching an agreement to the 
Uruguay round as speedily as possible. I think we share the view that 
for a raft of reasons it's important to get a satisfactory and fair 
agreement to the GATT round, not just because of the impetus that will 
give to trade growth and hopefully to prosperity and job growth as well 
but also because of the very remarkable advantage that will give not 
just to the industrialized but to the nonindustrialized world with the 
many difficulties that are faced economically at the moment. So I was 
particularly pleased at our meeting of minds on that particular subject.
    We found also a complete agreement about the need for the Security 
Council resolutions that have been imposed in respect to Iraq to be 
fully met and to be fully honored

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in the future. I had the pleasure of being able to welcome the 
President's initiative, humanitarian airdrops in Bosnia. The United 
Kingdom--we've got a number of thousands of troops actually delivering 
humanitarian aid in central Bosnia. They've been doing that for some 
time. I think as a result of their activities, many people who otherwise 
might not have lived through this winter have done. And I think this new 
initiative by the President is thoroughly welcome. So it's been a very 
worthwhile and a very enjoyable meeting thus far, and I look forward to 
continuing it this evening.
    The President. Thank you.

Northern Ireland

    Q. Mr. President, do you still want a U.S. envoy--Northern Ireland--
--
    The President. Well, let me answer the first question. If the United 
States can in some way make a constructive contribution to a political 
settlement, of course, we'd be interested in doing that. But that is not 
a subject we have discussed in any way so far. And I think I'd rather 
wait to make further comments until after we have a chance to discuss 
it.
    As far as the campaign, the campaign is over. You're a good one to 
ask that question, since you know that compared to previous campaigns 
I've been in, this was just sort of another day at the office. And once 
you achieve the responsibilities of office, that's what you have to do. 
I told the Prime Minister today that I was just grateful that I got 
through this whole campaign with most of my time in England still 
classified. [Laughter]

Bosnia

    Q. ----on Bosnia. I'd like to ask both you and the Prime Minister, 
what do you think can be accomplished in the airdrops, since many in the 
military believe that it will not be terribly effective or efficient? 
And what other steps do you think need to be taken, military steps, in 
particular, such as some that were discussed during the campaign, in 
order to inflict enough pressure on the Serbs?
    The President. Let me deal with the airdrops first. General Powell 
came over here last weekend, and we talked for a very extended period of 
time about this operation and about how we can maximize the safety to 
United States pilots and other personnel on the planes who'd be involved 
in this and minimize the prospect that any humanitarian relief operation 
could be drawn into the politics and the military operations of this 
area.
    We know that if we are high enough to virtually assure the complete 
safety of the people who will participate in the airlift, that a 
percentage of the packages we drop will be outside the more or less 
half-mile circle that we would be trying to hit. We also know that if we 
leaflet the area in advance, if we notify the people about what we're 
dropping and how to use the medicine and what kind of food will be 
there, to whatever extent people need it, they'll be on the lookout for 
it. And if they have to walk a mile instead of a half-mile for it, we 
think they will. So we believe that, A, there is a need in some of the 
remote areas, and B, we can do this with quite an effective but safe 
mission.
    Now, insofar as other actions, I think there are a number of things 
that we're looking at. I'm encouraged by the United Nations interest in 
the war crimes issue. I'm encouraged by the conversation the Prime 
Minister and I had about the importance of trying to make the sanctions 
that are now in force actively be more effective.
    But I would remind you that our policy is that we want to try to 
have a good faith in negotiations with all the parties there. We are 
committed to doing what we can to encourage the Bosnians to engage in 
negotiations within the Vance-Owen framework. And President Yeltsin has 
been very forthcoming on his part in trying to help get the negotiations 
back on track, too.
    So, I think we should look at it just from that point of view. It 
would be a great mistake to read this humanitarian relief operation as 
some initial foray toward a wider military role.
    Prime Minister Major. Can I just add something to that, as you 
requested. We're able, at the moment, to deliver a substantial amount of 
aid in central Bosnia by land. But the natural terrain of Bosnia, as a 
whole, means that isn't practicable for a raft of reasons, not least 
geographical reasons, at the moment in all parts of Bosnia. I think, 
therefore, you do have to look at imaginative ways

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of actually getting food aid and medicine aid through. And I think the 
prospect that the President is exploring is an imaginative one, and I 
hope it will prove successful. There are a number of logistics to be 
worked out.
    On sanctions, one of the things we have been discussing in the last 
half an hour or so is the prospects of enhanced sanctions, and I think 
there clearly are opportunities there that we'll need to examine.
    Q. Such as?
    Prime Minister Major. Well, I think we can improve the sanctions 
over the Danube, for example. I don't think they're being enforced very 
effectively.

Russia

    Q. I would like to direct my question to both of you. Do you think 
that Yeltsin, President Yeltsin, is so politically weakened that his 
days are numbered? Also, what can the U.S. and the allies do to prop him 
up, to prevent another Communist takeover that could lead to another 
cold war? And are you going to meet President Yeltsin in March at any 
point?
    Prime Minister Major. I don't think President Yeltsin is weakened by 
his present conflict to the extent that he's not going to continue. 
Clearly there are difficulties in the disputes he's had with Congress 
and, in particular, the Speaker. But I expect President Yeltsin to be 
there and to continue. I think he's the best hope for the Russians, and 
I think the policies and the movements towards reform that he has in 
mind and continues to have in mind are the right ways forward.
    I think there are two things we can do to help Russia in general and 
President Yeltsin. One is the economic assistance that's been provided, 
and there's a great deal of discussion to be had about whether we're 
directing that in the right way and in the right volume.
    And secondly, I think also there's the political messages of support 
to the reformers and to the reform policies, personified at the moment 
in the person of President Yeltsin. But the underlying purpose of the 
assistance is to assist the reformers and to assist the reform policies 
in Russia. I think we ought to give them political support as well as 
the practical and economic support that we've been giving them.
    The President. I believe that President Yeltsin has not been 
paralyzed by what's happened. I support him and his role and what he's 
trying to do. I have not established a definite date for a meeting with 
him yet, but I do hope to meet with him soon personally.
    I know he's having some trouble with his Congress, but that's part 
of being in a democratic society with an elected President separate from 
the Congress. He may just be learning what it's like in our system. I 
don't want to minimize that, but I think it is a grave error to assume 
that he cannot continue and do well. I believe he can.
    And I think that in terms of what we ought to be doing about it, I 
think the Prime Minister has pretty well laid out the kind of political 
and economic support we ought to be giving. But let me say that as all 
of you know, I have placed a great priority on this.
    The State Department will now have an ambassador at large whose job 
it is to coordinate a response not only to Russia but to all the 
Republics of the former Soviet Union. And we have a very distinguished 
American, Thomas Pickering, nominated to be our Ambassador to Moscow. We 
are putting a lot of effort into trying to support democracy and trying 
to support economic recovery there.

The Uruguay Round

    Q. ----I don't have a word count, sir, but--seen Prime Minister 
Major here may have said more about the importance of the Uruguay round 
than you have--the White House. I wonder--take away from your meeting 
with him any renewed sense of importance in that round, and if so, how 
you plan now to approach it?
    The President. Well, we're going to ask for an extension of fast 
track authority. And we're going to really put a real effort into a 
successful conclusion of the round. I advocated that in 1991 at the 
beginning of my race for President, and I still feel very strongly that 
it's important.
    I think if you look at the press response around the world to the 
economic plan I've presented to Congress, it's been very positive 
because our trading partners have been ask- 

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ing us for years to make a real effort to reduce the debt. And so we're 
doing that. And I think that sparks hope not only here at home but 
around the world. And I think if we were to successfully conclude the 
Uruguay round, that would also spark hope that we will be expanding 
trade on terms that are fair to everyone. So I'm very hopeful that we 
can get a trade agreement.

Northern Ireland

    Q. ----Northern Ireland--and did you get--discuss it with him----
    The President. We haven't discussed Northern Ireland at all. And 
after we do, I'll be happy to answer your questions.

Bosnia

    Q. Mr. Prime Minister, you expressed earlier--you are not remotely 
concerned that the British troops, that they will be in any danger 
because--[inaudible]--and the President has said--[inaudible]. And I'm 
wondering, beyond your--both of you could give some idea of why you're--
so confident there will be no attempts to stop--[inaudible]. There's 
been a lot of effort to block----
    The President. Well, all I can tell you is General Powell has been--
let me answer, and then he'll answer--has been asked to design the 
mission in such a way that we would minimize risk to our folks. And we 
have obviously engaged in an extensive consultation, which is not over. 
Helen's [Helen Thomas, United Press International] been asking me every 
day when I was ready to make this announcement. The consultations aren't 
over. And one of the things that we want, we want everybody to know that 
this is a humanitarian mission, that we're prepared to help anybody who 
needs the food and medicine. And we want the broadest possible support 
for this. And we want all the people on the ground in the various 
factions to know that this is not a political issue with us. We're very 
encouraged by the responses we've gotten so far to all the elements with 
whom we have discussed this plan. That's all I can tell you.
    Q. Mr. Prime Minister, could you answer, please?
    Prime Minister Major. I don't think there's a great deal to add to 
it. As I indicated earlier, there's a twin-track approach. We're 
providing aid by land. The President has in mind aid delivered by air to 
areas where we can't reach it by land. I've no reason to suppose that 
that is going to put at risk the lives of the British soldiers in 
central Bosnia.
    Q. But you're in an area where they have a fighter capability and an 
anti-aircraft weapon. If they don't want this--delivered, they have to 
use that.
    Prime Minister Major. Well, you asked the question. I've given you 
the judgment I make.

Middle East Peace Talks

    Q. Mr. President, you said you discussed the Middle East. Did you 
reach any conclusion, and do you favor returning to the peace talks even 
if the Palestinians do not?
    The President. We talked mostly about the importance of adhering to 
the United Nations resolutions as they apply to Iraq and the aftermath 
of the Gulf war and about our general support for the peace process 
continuing. We didn't deal with that issue, and I think I ought to wait 
until the Secretary of State returns from his mission before I discuss 
it further.

Bosnia

    Q. You talk about consultations on Bosnia. Is there any realistic 
expectations at this point that any other country except for the United 
States will be involved in this airdrop?
    The President. Yes, we might have some other countries involved in 
it. I don't think it would be--I believe the Prime Minister made his 
statement. I think he's done his part. His troops are on the ground 
there. But I think there is a chance that we will have support from 
other nations.
    Q. ----ask Great Britain to participate in the airdrop as well?
    The President. No.
    Q. ----question to both leaders. Do you think that the current 
Vance-Owen map forms the fair basis for a settlement of the crisis in 
the former Yugoslavia?
    Prime Minister Major. Well, that's the matter that has to be 
negotiated between the parties. And I don't think I'm going to express a 
view on whether that is the right map. I think the process of seeking a 
negotiated settlement and trying to reach by agreement between the three 
parties, an agreement on the map that will enable a political settlement

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to be reached is the right way. But I don't think it's for me to judge 
whether the map is right.
    Clearly, the views of the participants at the moment is that the map 
isn't right. But that is the purpose of negotiations. That is why I was 
delighted to hear this morning that Karadzic and Izetbegovic will be 
joining talks again with Boban so that they can actually talk to Cy 
Vance and David Owen and see if they can reach an agreement. The first 
prize is clearly an agreement that is reached voluntarily and willingly 
and as speedily as possible.
    The President. The only thing I would say, just to add to that, is 
that I agree with what the Prime Minister has said. As you know, the 
United States feels very strongly that this agreement must be just that, 
an agreement that must not be shoved down the throat of the Bosnians or 
anyone else if it's going to work. We also feel strongly that all the 
parties should negotiate in good faith.
    And therefore, I agree with what he said about the map. I would make 
this further point: The United States has made it clear in our statement 
of policy that if an agreement is reached in good faith, that we would 
be prepared to be part of a NATO or United Nations effort to monitor or 
support the agreement, and that map would be difficult to monitor and 
support, I think.
    But I think we're going to have to--before we make any final 
judgments, we need to give the parties a chance to reach their accord.

Spending Cuts

    Q. Mr. President--economics, you indicated you will find more 
spending cuts. Will you give a sense of when? And are you really talking 
about a new round of cuts or just----
    The President. Oh well, what I said was, I have invited the Members 
of the Congress to present them to me and instructed our people to 
continue to look for them. And I presume as we define things that we're 
willing to put on the table, we will continue to do it. We don't have 
any orchestrated theory about how to do that now. But I'd be surprised 
if there aren't some more coming.

Airbus

    Q. Mr. Prime Minister, were you disappointed or taken aback by what 
the President said the other day about the airbus, and were you 
reassured by your conversations today?
    Prime Minister Major. There's an agreement over the degree of 
subsidies for projects like airbus. And that agreement continues into 
July, and I think there is no proposition in what the President said to 
change that particular agreement.

Northern Ireland

    Q. Mr. President, you said you may discuss Northern Ireland this 
evening. Would you expect to discuss both--issue and the human rights 
issue? And do you share the view expressed by some Members of Congress, 
Senators and Representatives, that there are abuses to human rights in 
Northern Ireland that need to be addressed? And perhaps the Prime 
Minister would like to address that allegation.
    Prime Minister Major. Well, I'll address that point first. The real 
abuse of human rights in Northern Ireland is the abuse of human rights 
of people who find bombs in shopping malls when they're going about 
their ordinary, everyday business. I think that is the abuse of human 
rights that is overwhelmingly the concern of everybody in Northern 
Ireland on both sides of the sectarian divide.
    Over the past 2 or 3 years, the British Government with the 
Taoiseach and with the political parties in Northern Ireland, have been 
engaged on talks to try and find a political settlement to a problem 
that has existed in Northern Ireland for generations. We are seeking 
that agreement. Those talks, I believe it is fair to say, have made more 
progress than most people believed was possible.
    Talks came to a halt with the general election in the Republic of 
Ireland and the forthcoming local elections in Northern Ireland. But it 
is the policy of my government to resume those talks, to resume those 
talks with all the parties in Northern Ireland and try and reach a 
satisfactory political settlement and remove many of the disputes and 
hatreds that have existed for generations.

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    Those disputes and hatreds are worsened by violence, whether it is 
the IRA violence or whether it is the response to IRA violence which has 
also been prevalent over the last year or so. I condemn both 
unreservedly and without any distinction.

    Q. Mr. President--respond to that.

    The President. I believe that obviously there has to be a political 
solution there, or there will be no solution at all, and that the human 
rights issues will have to be addressed in that context. Whether the 
United States can play any sort of constructive role is something that 
we want to discuss later this evening.

    Press Secretary Myers. Last question.

The Economic Plan

    Q. Mr. President, here just one week after your speech announcing 
your budget and economic plan, Senator Bob Dole is pronouncing it in 
trouble. What's your read on that, and do you think this is the start of 
a war of words that's going to slow down the whole process?

    The President. Well, I think you have to expect that there would be 
some trouble. And the Senate Minority Leader can say that. But he was 
here during the last 12 years when other Presidents and the Congress 
quadrupled the national debt. I'm trying to do something about it and 
turn it around and go in the opposite direction. The surveys show that a 
big majority of the American people support my initiative. The response 
from people and governments around the world, it's been almost uniformly 
positive that America's trying to change the nature of its economic 
policy, reduce its debt, increase investment in high growth items. And I 
never expected this to be easy. This is a fundamental change. I don't 
expect it to be easy. But I hope that I'll be working with Senator Dole 
and with others to bring it to a successful conclusion.

    Q. Can I follow up on that, Mr. President?

Prime Minister Mulroney of Canada

    Q. ----Canada? Have you spoken to the Prime Minister?

    The President. Yes, I spoke to the Prime Minister of Canada. We had 
a very nice conversation, which was mostly personal. And I thanked him 
for his kindness to me. And he assured me that his country would 
continue to work with me and that he would personally until his tenure 
in office was over. I wish him well. He seemed to be a person who had 
worked through this and was very much at peace with himself today.
    Prime Minister Major. Can I just answer that point as well? I regard 
Brian as an old friend and a good friend. I shall miss him. He's been a 
very good friend to the United Kingdom and a very good friend to the 
Commonwealth. So I'm sad to hear of his decision today. It must be his 
decision. I wish him well in the future, and I look forward to seeing 
him in the United Kingdom in a few weeks' time.

Northern Ireland

    Q. Mr. Prime Minister, do you think--role the United States can 
play--Northern Ireland----
    Prime Minister Major. I think from time to time distinguished 
visitors from the United States in Northern Ireland have come back to 
the United States, and they have actually explained the remarkable 
changes that have taken part in Belfast. There was a delegation that was 
there recently. And the reality is that anyone who knew the place 10 
years ago and knows the place today will see there is an absolute and 
total sea change. And I think the fact that there is a great knowledge 
about the willful peace amongst people in Northern Ireland and 
especially the ordinary people of Northern Ireland of both sides of the 
sectarian divide, the more that is understood, the better. And what is 
actually needed in Northern Ireland to help speed that is more 
understanding of the process, more support for the talks, more 
investment for job creation, and less money to fund terrorism. And the 
more people know about that, the nearer we come to a solution.

Press Secretary Myers. Thank you.

Note: The President's fourth news conference began at 4:32 p.m. in the 
East Room at the White House. In his remarks, the Prime Minister re- 

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ferred to Lord David Owen and Cyrus Vance, Cochairmen of the 
International Conference on the former Yugoslavia; Alija Izetbegovic, 
President, Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina; Radovan Karadzic, leaders of 
the Bosnian Serbs; and Mate Boban, leader of the Bosnian Croats.