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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Cable Providers</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Class Certification</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Business and Corporate Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Class Action</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Corporations and Associations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Antitrust Impact</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Competition, Antitrust, and Monopolies</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Personal Injury</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2012-031-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Cable TV</petitioner>
              <respondent>Consumer, consumer organization</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including Appellate Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court Judicial Code, and admiralty rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Millbrook v. United States, 569 U.S. 50 (2013)</title>
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                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2012-032-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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            </law>
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                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
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                   <topic>Correctional Facilities and Imprisonment</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Indigents: Appointment of Counsel (Cf. Right to Counsel)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2012-033-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="California">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Sixth Amendment (right to counsel)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Genesis Healthcare Corp. v. Symczyk, 569 U.S. 66 (2013)</title>
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                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act of (F.L.S.A.)</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Fair Labor Standards Act</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2012-034-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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              <title>US Airways, Inc v. McCutchen, 569 U.S. 88 (2013)</title>
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              <topic>Liens</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act of (E.R.I.S.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Cf. Union Trust Funds)</topic>
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                   <topic>Health Benefits Plan</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Cf. Union Trust Funds)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2012-035-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Airline</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Employee Retirement Income Security, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Elena Kagan</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Anthony M. Kennedy</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., 569 U.S. 108 (2013)</title>
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                   <topic>Alien Tort Statute</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Standing to Sue: Legal Injury</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>2012-036-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked</petitioner>
              <respondent>Oil company, or natural gas producer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit</caseSource>
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              <dateRearg>2012-10-01</dateRearg>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
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                   <writer>Sonia Sotomayor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Antonin Scalia</assigner>
                                    
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              <topic>Discretionary Relief</topic>
              <topic>Deportation (Cf. Immigration and Naturalization)</topic>
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                   <writer>Sonia Sotomayor</writer>
                                        
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            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Samuel A. Alito, Jr.</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
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              <docketId>2012-041-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
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                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Elena Kagan</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Antonin Scalia</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>2012-045-01</docketId>
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                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
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                   <topic>Attorneys&apos; and Governmental Employees&apos; or Officials&apos; Fees or Compensation or Licenses</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Attorneys</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2012-047-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>John G. Roberts, Jr.</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>2013-03-19</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sonia Sotomayor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of (A.E.D.P.A.)</topic>
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              <docketId>2012-048-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Michigan">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction state="Michigan">State Agency</adminAction>
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              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Anthony M. Kennedy</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Sixth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Capital Murder</topic>
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              <docketId>2012-049-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Texas">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
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              <disposition>Vacated and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Stephen G. Breyer</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Anthony M. Kennedy</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <docketId>2012-050-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Maryland">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
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              <caseOrigin state="Maryland">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
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              <title>Hillman v. Maretta, 569 U.S. 483 (2013)</title>
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              <topic>Federal Employees&apos; Group Life Insurance Act of (F.E.G.L.I.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Life Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Insurance</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>2012-051-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Wife, or ex-wife</petitioner>
              <respondent>Spouse, or former spouse</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Virginia">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <writer>Sonia Sotomayor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <docketId>2012-052-01</docketId>
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                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
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              <topic>Takings Clause</topic>
              <topic>California Raisin Marketing Order</topic>
              <topic>Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of (A.M.A.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Raisins</topic>
              <topic>Raisin Administrative Committee</topic>
              <topic>Tucker Act</topic>
              <topic>Affirmative Defenses</topic>
              <topic>Fifth Amendment</topic>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>U.S. Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.)</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2012-053-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Farmer, farm worker, or farm organization</petitioner>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 3 (bill of attainder or ex post facto law)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Peugh v. United States, 569 U.S. 530 (2013)</title>
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              <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
              <topic>Ex Post Facto Clause</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
              <topic>Bank Fraud</topic>
              <topic>Federal Sentencing Guidelines</topic>
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                   <topic>Fraud and Financial Crimes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ex Post Facto Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2012-054-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Farmer, farm worker, or farm organization</petitioner>
              <respondent>United States</respondent>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Sonia Sotomayor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Anthony M. Kennedy</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Oxford Health Plans LLC v. Sutter, 569 U.S. 564 (2013)</title>
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              <topic>Limited Judicial Review</topic>
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              <topic>Class Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Arbitration (Other than as Pertains to Labor-Management or Employer-Employee Relations (Cf. Union Arbitration)</topic>
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                   <topic>Arbitration</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Alternative Dispute Resolution</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Limited Judicial Review</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Arbitration (Other than as Pertains to Labor-Management or Employer-Employee Relations (Cf. Union Arbitration)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>2012-055-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</petitioner>
              <respondent>Physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New Jersey U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Elena Kagan</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., 569 U.S. 576 (2013)</title>
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              <topic>D.N.A.</topic>
              <topic>Intellectual Property</topic>
              <topic>Exclusive Rights</topic>
              <topic>Synthetic C.D.N.A.</topic>
              <topic>Products of Nature</topic>
              <topic>Patent Law</topic>
              <topic>Medical Research</topic>
              <topic>Science and Technology</topic>
              <topic>Patents</topic>
              <topic>Human Genes</topic>
              <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Financial (Other than in Fraud or Internal Revenue)</topic>
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                   <topic>D.N.A.</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Financial (Other than in Fraud or Internal Revenue)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>2012-059-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</petitioner>
              <respondent>Health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>New York Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Tax Fraud</topic>
              <topic>Plea Deal</topic>
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              <topic>Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Vacatur of Guilty Plea</topic>
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                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>In Camera Hearings</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Fraud</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                        
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              <docketId>2012-058-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John G. Roberts, Jr.</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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